U3
Which of these statements best describes double jeopardy? A citizen cannot be indicted before being tried for a serious crime. A citizen cannot be forced to testify to a crime. A citizen cannot be forced to testify for more than one day in court. A citizen cannot be tried twice for the same crime.
A citizen cannot be tried twice for the same crime.
How did Regents v. Bakke change affirmative action policies? It struck down the use of strict racial quotas. It ruled race could not be factored into admissions. It limited diversity and inequality in the workplace. It changed the way applications could be written.
It struck down the use of strict racial quotas.
What is true of a non-denominational activity? It supports a particular religion. It does not support any religion. It operates on private property. It separates from religious traditions.
It supports a particular religion.
Which best states the basis for Justice White's dissenting opinion in Roe v. Wade? Current privacy laws would become unconstitutional. State laws would have to be revised based on the decision. New rights beyond those in the Constitution would need to be created. Extensive changes would have to be made to the Bill of Rights.
New rights beyond those in the Constitution would need to be created.
Read the following amendment to the U.S. Constitution. The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of sex. Which amendment is this? Fifteenth Nineteenth Twenty-first Twenty-sixth
Nineteenth
Which shows how Supreme Court rulings have modified the Fifth Amendment? Officers may create different sets of rules to apply to groups of citizens as they please. Officers must inform people of their rights before questioning them in custody. Officers can pressure a person to confess to a crime. Officers can inform suspects of their rights at any point in the questioning process.
Officers must inform people of their rights before questioning them in custody.
The Fifteenth Amendment applied to which of the following groups? African-Americans African-American males African-American females African-Americans over the age of 18
African-American males
Which of these statements accurately describes the Fifth Amendment? Searches and seizures must be reasonable. A search warrant based on probable cause is required. The police may not question citizens immediately if public safety is at risk. All citizens are entitled to due process.
All citizens are entitled to due process.
How are the Griswold v. Connecticut and Roe v. Wade cases similar? Both were based on the Fifth Amendment. Both were decided by the same justices. Both were challenging enumerated rights. Both were based on unconstitutional state laws.
Both were based on unconstitutional state laws.
What was the impact of the Griswold v. Connecticut ruling? Couples were required to keep marriage vows private. Couples were allowed to keep their marriage decisions private. Couples were expected to obey state law regarding marriage. Couples were encouraged to regard their marriage as sacred.
Couples were allowed to keep their marriage decisions private.
Mariana Gomez, the defendant in a burglary case, was just found not guilty by the jury. Ariel Yosef, the plaintiff in the case, is unhappy with the verdict, as he believes Mariana is guilty. Which action can Ariel take? He can request a retrial. He can ask for a mistrial. He can request an appeal. He has no option; the verdict is final.
He can request a retrial.[NO]
Why was Homer Plessy arrested? He said his rights had been violated. He was clearly of mixed heritage. He refused to give his seat to a white person. He sat down in a train's whites-only car.
He sat down in a train's whites-only car.
How did the decision in Regents v. Bakke affect individual rights? It limited rights by eliminating all racial quotas. It protected rights by letting race be an admissions factor. It limited rights by giving all minorities higher priority. It protected rights by making all individuals equal.
It protected rights by making all individuals equal. [NO]
How did the ruling in Plessy v. Ferguson affect the legalities of segregation? It set legal precedent for future court cases. It implemented desegregation legislation. It redefined the concepts of "separate but equal." It discouraged people from continued protests.
It redefined the concepts of "separate but equal."[NO]
Why were civil rights supporters disappointed with the Supreme Court's 1896 decision in Plessy v. Ferguson? The court rejected the idea of "separate but equal." The court ruled that African Americans were unable to drive. The court ruled that African Americans were unable to vote. The court affirmed the idea of "separate but equal."
The court affirmed the idea of "separate but equal."
Which best describes how Tinker v. Des Moines expanded protected speech under the First Amendment? The decision affirmed the protection of unpopular opinions. The decision affirmed the protection of symbolic speech. The decision affirmed the protection of all political speech. The decision affirmed the protection of minors' speech rights.
The decision affirmed the protection of symbolic speech.
As a result of the Miranda decision, police must now issue warrants before arresting a suspect. inform suspects of their Fifth Amendment rights before questioning them. inform suspects of their Fifth Amendment rights after questioning them. seize any evidence that might be used to convict a suspect.
inform suspects of their Fifth Amendment rights before questioning them.
What happens to accused persons who cannot afford to pay an attorney to represent them? They remain in jail until they can raise the money. They are freed from jail and their cases are dismissed. They are assigned an attorney by the court. They are found guilty without a trial being held.
They are assigned an attorney by the court.
What is the common purpose of the Ninth and Tenth amendments? They protect the rights of noncitizens. They protect rights not listed in the Constitution. They protect the federalist system. They protect the federal government from the states.
They protect rights not listed in the Constitution.
Which best describes how unenumerated rights differ from procedural and substantive rights? Unenumerated rights apply only to the states. Unenumerated rights are not listed in the Constitution. Unenumerated rights cannot ever be defined. Unenumerated rights combine procedural and substantive rights.
Unenumerated rights are not listed in the Constitution.
All persons have the right to be represented by counsel, also known as a judge. a jury. a lawyer. a friend.
a jury.
What does the term "mandate" mean in terms of civil rights and liberties? a requirement a proposition a doctrine a responsibility
a requirement
What is symbolic speech? an action that expresses an idea or opinion the act of peaceful protest the publication of an article despite prior restraint an idea or opinion expressed through metaphor
an action that expresses an idea or opinion
Accused persons have the right to request a witness to appear in court. testify untruthfully. go into hiding. refuse to testify.
appear in court.
If the government wants to take land to build a highway, the Fifth Amendment says that the affected property owners must be compensated for the land. be imprisoned if they object. defend their land rights in court. surrender the land as part of their patriotic duty.
be compensated for the land.
Why were some framers in favor of incorporating the Bill of Rights? because then the Bill of Rights would cover both state and federal law because then the Bill of Rights would protect both citizens and noncitizens because then the framers would only have to follow the federal laws because then the framers would only have to follow their state's laws
because then the Bill of Rights would cover both state and federal law
are the rights guaranteed by the Bill of Rights that cannot be taken away by law.
civil liberties
The basic freedoms that are guaranteed to Americans by the Constitution are called civil liberties. rights of the accused. checks and balances. Miranda rights.
civil liberties.
Which type of rights ensure equal treatment under the law? substantive rights procedural rights unenumerated rights civil rights
civil rights
Which type of crime could cause a victim to suffer job loss or disability? crimes against property crimes against people crimes against public safety crimes against the environment
crimes against people
What does the Eighth Amendment prohibit? lengthy trials search warrants cruel and unusual punishment impartial juries
cruel and unusual punishment
When a Constitutional Amendment is ________ it is interpreted. disparaged developed construed enumerated
developed[NO]
What were affirmative action programs originally designed to encourage? diversity desegregation equality separation
diversity
If two people of different ethnic backgrounds were guilty of the same crime, but only one of them were accused and tried, this would be a violation of due process and equal protection under the law. the right of citizenship and equal protection. the right of citizenship and due process. due process and the enforcement clause.
due process and equal protection under the law.
In Furman v. Georgia (1972), the Supreme Court ruled in William Furman's favor, saying that Georgia had denied Furman the right to be represented by counsel. violated Furman's right to a quick and speedy trial. established unclear standards for applying the death penalty. exceeded the annual quota of death penalties it could impose.
established unclear standards for applying the death penalty.
Which scenario would be considered a crime? failing to stop at a stop sign leaving trash bags in your basement lying to your parents sending an offensive text message
failing to stop at a stop sign
Read the excerpt from the First Amendment of the United States Constitution. Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof. At the time it was written, this clause originally applied to state law only. federal law only. state and federal law. local, state, and federal law.
federal law only.
After Frank Palko was sentenced to death by the state of Connecticut, the Supreme Court ruled that his conviction and execution should be upheld. the case should be thrown out for lack of evidence. his sentence should be reduced. he was the victim of double jeopardy.
his conviction and execution should be upheld.
Under what circumstances would the protest of the students in Tinker v. Des Moines be deemed unprotected speech? if their action had clearly threatened order and safety if their action had supported an unpopular opinion if their action had not been political if their action had promoted an artistic endeavor
if their action had clearly threatened order and safety
When was the Fifteenth Amendment ratified? in the 1860s, after the Civil War in the 1920s, after World War I in the 1960s, during the civil rights movement in the 1940s, during segregation
in the 1860s, after the Civil War
What is the purpose of the establishment clause? to give citizens the right to form religious groups to stop government from supporting one religion to give government power to choose a state religion to stop citizens from practicing religion in public
to give citizens the right to form religious groups[NO]
Jane Roe sued the state of Texas because she wanted to avoid an illegal activity. to secure her privacy rights. to challenge the Ninth Amendment. to have a law declared unconstitutional.
to have a law declared unconstitutional.
Why was the Fourth Amendment added to the Constitution? to keep the government from abusing its authority to prove to citizens that the government would be tough on criminals to enable the government to find ways to assert its authority to show leniency to people who are accused of crimes
to keep the government from abusing its authority
Read this excerpt from the Constitution. The Conventions of a number of the States, having at the time of their adopting the Constitution, expressed a desire, in order to prevent . . . abuse of its powers, that further . . . restrictive clauses should be added. According to this excerpt, what was the main purpose of ratifying the Bill of Rights? to adopt the Constitution to restrict citizens' rights to prevent the abuse of power to create a convention
to prevent the abuse of power
Why was the Ninth Amendment written? to ensure individual freedoms to promote independent choices to protect personal properties to define specific personal rights
to protect personal properties[NO]
How many times is a witness typically questioned in a criminal trial? one time two times three times four times
two times
In a trial, who hears evidence and offers a verdict? juries judges police counsel
juries
The purpose of the Bill of Rights was to list the rights of citizens. describe the separation of powers. assert the authority of the federal government. outline the federal system.
list the rights of citizens.
A right is unenumerated if it is listed in the Constitution. interpreted by the Supreme Court. assumed to be a fundamental right. written as law by a state or federal agency.
listed in the Constitution.[NO]
The Voting Rights Act ended poll taxes. literacy tests. voter segregation. gender discrimination.
literacy tests.
An activity passes the "Lemon Test" if it is not secular, biased, or entangled. secular, biased, and free of entanglement. secular, neutral, and free of entanglement. not secular, neutral, or free of entanglement.
not secular, biased, or entangled.[no]
Which action would violate the Ninth Amendment? speaking with a pharmacist about a prescription accusing a political opponent of dishonest behavior publishing a family recipe in a community cookbook obtaining unauthorized personal information from a website
obtaining unauthorized personal information from a website
After the Civil War, the federal government began to extend civil rights to African Americans by passing amendments to the Constitution. signing the Emancipation Proclamation. paying reparations to them. helping them move to the Northern states.
passing amendments to the Constitution.
The government tried to stop the New York Times from publishing classified material by using a concept known as the Espionage Act. prior restraint. symbolic speech. clear and present danger.
prior restraint.
Most of the recent crimes in the United States have been crimes against people. property. public safety. the environment.
property.
The cartoon shows an officer from the federal government protecting Southern whites. protecting freed African Americans. unable to protect Southern whites. unable to protect freed African Americans
protecting freed African Americans.
Disorderly conduct is an example of a crime against a person. property. the environment. public safety.
public safety.
The Supreme Court ruled in Gideon v. Wainwright (1963) that Gideon had been denied his rights because he had hired an expensive lawyer he could not afford. represented himself in court. paid bail he could not afford. been questioned without having his Miranda warning read.
represented himself in court.
Edwards v. South Carolina is significant because it limited states' ability to protect protestors. restrict the freedom of speech. convict criminals. restrict the freedom of the press.
restrict the freedom of speech.
Under due process, all people accused of crimes are subject to rules depending on their social class. rules depending on their gender. rules their city agrees to. rules that are the same for everyone.
rules that are the same for everyone.
Which of these actions would be considered an act of civil disobedience? rioting sit-ins looting boycotts
sit-ins
Which example violates the free-exercise Clause? allowing a school to run weekly prayer sessions allowing a student to wear religious clothing stopping a religious group from praying on the White House lawn stopping a religious group from buying a building based on their faith
stopping a religious group from buying a building based on their faith
The Supreme Court's use of selective incorporation only applies to amendments added before 1850. only applies in cases where there is not enough evidence of a crime. takes a subjective case-by-case approach to the question of incorporation. takes the same approach to the question of incorporation in all cases.
takes a subjective case-by-case approach to the question of incorporation.
In the case Gitlow v. New York, Gitlow argued that his First Amendment rights were being violated. that he couldn't be convicted of the same crime twice. that his Sixth Amendment rights guaranteed him the right to a jury. that he couldn't be jailed without being charged with a crime.
that his First Amendment rights were being violated.
Due process is entitled to defendants under the Articles of Confederation. the Constitution. the Declaration of Independence. the Writ of Certiorari.
the Constitution.
If the police arrive at Larry's office without probable cause or a warrant and demand to search the premises, which amendment protects him from this type of search? the Fourth Amendment the Fifth Amendment the Sixth Amendment the Eighth Amendment
the Fifth Amendment[no]
Which amendment was meant to allay Federalist fears that by guaranteeing specific rights the Constitution would not protect other unspecified rights? the First Amendment the Fourth Amendment the Ninth Amendment the Tenth Amendment
the First Amendment[ no]
Which amendment was designed to allay Anti-Federalist fears of a central government with too much power? the First Amendment the Fourth Amendment the Ninth Amendment the Tenth Amendment
the Tenth Amendment
Through which clause did state governments become bound by the Bill of Rights? the citizenship clause the equal protection clause the due process clause the enforcement clause
the due process clause
The establishment clause would prevent a church from being built in a Jewish area the mayor's office from displaying a cross a citizen from placing a religious scene in a business the president from having a Christmas party at home
the mayor's office from displaying a cross
The First Amendment's free-exercise clause gives the government the right to promote specific religions and faiths. the people the right to set up religious displays on public property. the government the right to create a national religion for all people. the people the right to choose their own set of religious beliefs.
the people the right to choose their own set of religious beliefs.
Protections are guaranteed by the Fourth Amendment to ensure that police officers have more rights than suspected criminals. the police do not become powerful at the expense of citizens' rights. judges can work with the police to keep suspected criminals in jail. citizens do not become more powerful than the police.
the police do not become powerful at the expense of citizens' rights.
Which is a grand jury right? the right to the same treatment and rules that all citizens receive the right to avoid confessing to a crime the right to indictment before trial for a capital crime the right to avoid being tried twice for the same crime
the right to indictment before trial for a capital crime
Which occurred after women earned the right to vote? Women were still unable to serve in government. Women serve in government but are still underrepresented. Women now serve as a majority in Congress. Women can run for office but do not get elected.
Women serve in government but are still underrepresented.
The right to privacy protects citizens from personal searches. seizure of property. government intrusion. personal incrimination.
government intrusion.
Stealing is an example of a crime against the environment. property. a person. public safety.
property.
Read the quote from the Supreme Court's decision in Brown v. Board of Education. We conclude that, in the field of public education, the doctrine of "separate but equal" has no place. Separate educational facilities are inherently unequal. Compared with the decision in Plessy v. Ferguson, this opinion refutes the doctrine of "separate but equal." supports the doctrine of "separate but equal." recommends affirmative action measures. upholds the right to legislate segregation
upholds the right to legislate segregation[NO]
The most immediate effects of crime are felt by perpetrators. victims. defendants. communities.
victims.
Which group has the lowest voter participation rate? African-Americans young adults women military
young adults
Were the attempts by southern states to restrict African-American voting legal under the Fifteenth Amendment? Yes, because the amendment did not provide legislation to enforce the universal right to vote. Yes, because the amendment allowed individual states to determine how they provided voting rights. No, because the amendment guaranteed the ability to vote for all people. No, because the amendment included legislation forbidding the restriction of voting rights.
No, because the amendment included legislation forbidding the restriction of voting rights.[NO]
The Bill of Rights consists of the first amendments to the Constitution.
ten
Which statement best describes the impact of the Gideon decision? The police now have additional resources to track down criminals. All people, whether wealthy or not, now have the same rights in court. People with no savings may now raise bail that they could not otherwise afford. Trials that deal with serious crimes can now move forward quickly.
All people, whether wealthy or not, now have the same rights in court.
In the trial of Amos v. Smith, John Amos allegedly burglarized Amanda Smith's home. What role does each person play in the trial? Amos is the plaintiff; Smith is the defendant. Smith is the victim; Amos is the plaintiff. Amos is the defendant; Smith is the plaintiff. Smith is the criminal; Amos is the defendant.
Amos is the defendant; Smith is the plaintiff.
What is the benefit of having legislation ratified in the form of an amendment? An amendment is protected under the U.S. Constitution. An amendment is quicker to pass than an act. An amendment can be changed if society shifts in the future. An amendment automatically triggers lawsuits if it is ignored.
An amendment is protected under the U.S. Constitution.
Read the excerpt from the Fourteenth Amendment of the United States Constitution. The Congress shall have power to enforce, by appropriate legislation, the provisions of this article. This Fourteenth Amendment clause means that Congress cannot do anything in relation to the Fourteenth Amendment. all states have the authority to make laws to apply the amendment. all citizens will be subject to the same set of legal procedures. Congress has the authority to make laws to apply the amendment.
Congress has the authority to make laws to apply the amendment.
What was the important precedent set by the Gitlow v. New York case? The equal protection clause was dropped from the Fourteenth Amendment. The due process clause was dropped from the Fourteenth Amendment. First Amendment freedoms were incorporated into the Fourteenth Amendment. Fourteenth Amendment rights were incorporated into the Fifteenth Amendment.
First Amendment freedoms were incorporated into the Fourteenth Amendment.
What impact was affirmative action designed to have? It created quotas for minority admissions or hiring. It established multiple African-American colleges. It required companies to give women top priority. It eliminated the need for additional desegregation.
It created quotas for minority admissions or hiring.
Which of the following did the Civil Rights Act accomplish? It ended public segregation. It ended poll taxes. It ended voter literacy tests. It ended gender discrimination.
It ended public segregation.
Why does Tinker v. Des Moines remain an important precedent-setting case? It used symbolic speech in war protests. It applied prior restraint in schools. It established speech rights for students. It stopped students from stating unpopular opinions.
It established speech rights for students.
Which best describes what the Bill of Rights does for citizens' rights? It revises them. It outlines them. It amends them. It guarantees them.
It guarantees them.
Which of these provisions is part of the Eighth Amendment? Witnesses must appear in court. A speedy trial is required. Counsel must be provided. Reasonable bail must be set.
Reasonable bail must be set.
What idea was the decision in Griswold v. Connecticut based upon? The case relied on testimony that incriminated the defendant. The Constitution should never be interpreted based on the intention of the writers. The Constitution forbids unreasonable search and seizure. Individuals should be free to disobey laws involving government infringement.
The Constitution forbids unreasonable search and seizure.
Which of these statements accurately describes the Fourth Amendment? The Fourth Amendment gives citizens the right to refuse a search under any circumstances. A police officer with a warrant may seize anything he or she finds suspicious. The Fourth Amendment describes a fair process for searches and seizures. A police officer can search someone's home, so long as a judge is present.
The Fourth Amendment describes a fair process for searches and seizures.
How does the Tenth Amendment differ from the rest of the amendments in the Bill of Rights? The Tenth Amendment reserves the rights of the states. The Tenth Amendment makes the Constitution applicable to state law. The Tenth Amendment involves unenumerated rights. The Tenth Amendment establishes the role of state governments.
The Tenth Amendment reserves the rights of the states.
Why was freedom of religion added to the First Amendment? The colonists wanted prayer taken out of schools. The colonists suffered persecution for their religious beliefs. The colonists wanted Catholicism to be the country's main religion. The colonists thought the government needed to have religious control.
The colonists suffered persecution for their religious beliefs.
Though the outcomes of Schenck and New York Times differed, what did these decisions have in common? The government has a heavy burden to prove harm. The government can limit speech that causes harm. The government has unlimited power to limit speech. The government must follow the First Amendment.
The government can limit speech that causes harm.
When can the government restrict information released by the press? The government can never restrict information released by the press. The government can only restrict information when it could be harmful to an individual's reputation. The government can only restrict information released when practicing prior restraint. The government can only restrict information that could present an immediate threat to security or the public.
The government can only restrict information that could present an immediate threat to security or the public.
A criminal case may be dismissed if which event occurs? The jury decides it cannot reach a verdict. A juror speaks with the press before the trial is over. The judge feels there is no reasonable case against the defendant. A witness gives false information on the stand.
The judge feels there is no reasonable case against the defendant.
In Brown v. Board of Education, who instigated the lawsuit? The students The teachers The parents The schools
The parents
According to the establishment clause, how would a historical society's posting of the Ten Commandments along with the history of religion and its beliefs and practices be viewed? The posting would be in violation of the clause because religious items cannot be put in public places. The posting would be in violation of the clause because the items relate to a particular religion. The posting would not be in violation of the clause because people willingly go to the historical society. The posting would not be in violation of the clause because there is a learning purpose to the items.
The posting would not be in violation of the clause because there is a learning purpose to the items.
According to the Supreme Court, which of these most likely prompted the arrest of the protesters in Edwards v. South Carolina? The protestors supported an unpopular view. The protesters assembled in front of the statehouse. The protesters were a threat to public safety. The protesters marched without a permit.
The protestors supported an unpopular view.
Elmbrook School District, located in California, held graduations at a local church. How might this violate the establishment clause? The school cannot be associated with any particular religion. The school needed to go to a different church every year. The school was not promoting religion by just having a graduation. The school does not force people to attend graduation.
The school cannot be associated with any particular religion.
For prior restraint to apply, what must the government prove about the speech in question? The speech must be libelous. The speech must present a general threat. The speech must present a clear and identifiable danger. The speech must be offensive.
The speech must present a clear and identifiable danger.
African-American participation in Congress increased most dramatically after passage of which legislation? Fifteenth Amendment Voting Rights Act Nineteenth Amendment Twenty-sixth Amendment
Voting Rights Act
Which term is defined as "promoting minority inclusion in educational and employment opportunities"? desegregation separate but equal legislation affirmative action
affirmative action
Read the excerpt from the Fourteenth Amendment of the United States Constitution. [N]or shall any state deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law. This clause ensures that anyone can enforce the law as long as they are citizens. all citizens obey similar rules and legal processes. any state can deprive its citizens of due process. all non-citizens are not covered by due process.
all citizens obey similar rules and legal processes.
The exclusionary rule states that if evidence is found during an illegal search, it must be destroyed immediately. cannot be admitted into consideration. can be admitted into court anyway. cannot be admitted into court unless a judge agrees.
cannot be admitted into consideration.
In Duckworth v. Eagan (1988), the Supreme Court held that the police had been too harshly burdened by the Miranda decision and no longer had to follow it. could create their own Miranda warning if it communicated the same message. did not need to read the Miranda warning if they considered a suspect to be dangerous. could create any warning they chose so long as they got a conviction.
could create their own Miranda warning if it communicated the same message.
The impact of Furman v. Georgia (1972) was that states had to promise to use the death penalty only with approval from the Supreme Court. throw out the old Miranda warning and write a new one. agree to throw out all state laws regarding crime and impose national standards. create clear standards to be applied fairly before imposing the death penalty
create clear standards to be applied fairly before imposing the death penalty
The First Amendment protects the right to bear arms. a speedy trial. free speech. a jury trial.
free speech.
A principal who leads a prayer at a graduation violates the First Amendment's establishment clause. freedom of religion clause. free-exercise clause. lemon test clause.
freedom of religion clause.[no]
The Supreme Court's decisions in Griswold v. Connecticut and Roe v. Wade were most important because they restricted state laws governing privacy. gave a new definition to personal privacy. limited privacy to the control of the body and of family life. included the right to the privacy of personal property.
gave a new definition to personal privacy.
The Supreme Court's decisions in Terry v. Ohio (1967) and Horton v. California (1990) both held that the police may, in certain cases, search individuals or seize their property without a warrant. must never, even with reasonable cause, carry out a stop and frisk. must always have a warrant to seize evidence, even if it is in plain view. may never violate the Fourth Amendment protections concerning searches and seizures.
may, in certain cases, search individuals or seize their property without a warrant.
In Furman v. Georgia (1972), William Furman appealed his death sentence for domestic violence. murder. drunk driving. assault.
murder.
The citizenship clause of the Fourteenth Amendment says a naturalized person must have the same rights to become a citizen as someone born in another country. must have the same rights to become a citizen as someone born in the US. must have been born in the United States, not in another country. must have been born in a country other than the United States.
must have the same rights to become a citizen as someone born in the US.
