UAS final

The residual risk level is the risk assigned to a hazard: a.) after the mission has been completed. b.) if the hazard was not realized. c.) after a mitigation strategy has been applied to the hazard.

c.) after a mitigation strategy has been applied to the hazard.

The FAA Modernization and Reform Act of 2012, was an act of: a.) FAA b.) DOT c.) congress

c.) congress

What prevented UAS from being employed in a Reconnaissance role prior to the Cold War years? a.)Prior to the Cold War, militaries of the world felt no need to spy on each other. b.) Prior to the Cold War, autopilots were not advanced enough to guide Unmanned aircraft to their targets. c.) The death of Joe Kennedy in 1944 made Americans hesitant to pursue the use of unmanned aircraft. d.) Prior to the Cold War years, imagery and navigation technology were not sufficient for reconnaissance missions.

d.) Prior to the Cold War years, imagery and navigation technology were not sufficient for reconnaissance missions.

An example of the time it takes to implement a regulation is the implementation of the Traffic Alert and Collision Avoidance System (TCAS) which took:

fifteen years and an act of Congress to mandate its use in commercial airliners.

As a private pilot certificate holder in order to obtain a remote pilot certificate, you must:

have a current biennial flight review and take the online Part 107 course on the FAASTeam web site.

The person operating the UAS under Part 107 operations must: a.) hold a remote pilot certificate or be under the direct supervision of a person holding a remote pilot certificate. b.) hold a remote pilot certificate or have a supervisor in the company that holds a remote pilot certificate. c.) does not need to have a remote pilot certificate if someone nearby has a remote pilot certificate.

hold a remote pilot certificate or be under the direct supervision of a person holding a remote pilot certificate.

During an accident investigation, when reviewing the aircraft system, the investigator can determine: a.) if the hardware was connected properly according to the planned system configuration. b.) if the software testing was inadequate. c.)whether or not the system failed due to a software issue.

if the hardware was connected properly according to the planned system configuration.

Define BLOS

operating through satellite communication, which is a much longer distance than BVLOS.

Flight test cards for UAS are used for: a.)testing the UAS in various flight environments to determine its airworthiness for the mission it will be used. b.) providing information to the FAA for airworthiness requirements. c.) allowing the pilot to practice before the actual mission.

testing the UAS in various flight environments to determine its airworthiness for the mission it will be used.

If you are a recreational user of a small UAS, you must register your UAS with the FAA. (T/F)

true

RADAR and Optical Camera sensors used as DAA systems represent examples of Non-Cooperative technologies. (T/F)

true

The preferred method for post-error analysis for the FAA is the 4 W's. (T/F)

FAlse

Major advancements in 3 technological areas came together along with this catalyst to create the "first UAS." What was the catalyst/UAS?

WW1 / Curtis N-9 Aerial Torpedo, 1918

Electro-optical cameras, IR sensors, and LIDAR are examples of which UA system element? a.) The payload element. b.) The human element. c.) Control elements.

a.) The payload element.

Under Part 107, a remote pilot may operate a UAS to inspect the side of a building above 400 ft:

as long as she stays within 400 ft of the building.

Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) are defined by the FAA as an unmanned aircraft and its: a.) associated elements related to safe operations. b.) operators, pilot, and control system. c.) elements that can fly autonomously or be piloted remotely.

associated elements related to safe operations.

Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) are defined by the FAA as an unmanned aircraft and its: a.) operators, pilot, and control system. b.)elements that can fly autonomously or be piloted remotely. c.) associated elements related to safe operations.

associated elements related to safe operations.

During a Risk Analysis, a major step is to mitigate the Risk or Hazard. To mitigate a Risk or Hazard in this context means to: a.) Redefine the Risk or Hazard b.) Change either the probability or the severity, or both. c.) Determine what Risks or Hazards are acceptable.

b.) Change either the probability or the severity, or both.

Manufacturing standards are used by industry to ensure the safety and quality of the manufacturing process and products. However, the standards are: a.) optional for aircraft manufacturers. b.) mandatory if referenced in the Code of Federal Regulations. c.) always mandatory regardless of regulatory adoption.

b.) mandatory if referenced in the Code of Federal Regulations.

For sUAS aircraft, the autopilot navigation function may be based on: a.) the Remote Pilot only for guidance. b.) onboard Global Positioning System, the Remote Pilot, and the onboard accelerometers / magnetometers. c.) the Inertial Navigation System only for navigation guidance.

b.) onboard Global Positioning System, the Remote Pilot, and the onboard accelerometers / magnetometers.

Using a UAS for Search and Rescue operations, the remote sensor that would likely be used is: a.) Video camera b.) Near-infrared Camera c.) Thermal imaging camera

c.) Thermal imaging camera

Define BVLOS

the distance beyond of which the naked eye cannot see or detect the aircraft.

Name three advantages of fixed-wing UAS.

-longer flight times -higher altitude -ability to glide

3 disadvantages of VTOL UAS

-lower altitude -shorter range -less endurance

The advantages of a VTOL UAS, compared with a fixed-wing UAS are:

-small/simple launch recovery footprint -require only a small space in which to operate

Protecting export-controlled projects is important, which of the following should be included in your export control compliance program? Work stations should be set up so none of the monitors can be seen from a window or door. All data should be kept under lock and key when not in use. Coordination meetings with other companies or subcontractors may be held at a hotel conference room so everyone can be comfortable. Everyone in a meeting must be cleared to participate.

1, 2, & 4

Name 3 applications and the industry that operate sUAS for this purpose

1. Industry: Natural Resource Management Application: Monitoring wild life e.g. looking at the migration or the census of ground nesting pelicans to ensure their safety from extinction 2. Industry: Aerial and Film Photography Application: Film making e.g. sUAS gives producers the ability to take massive aerial shots of the landscape for a certain scene 3. Industry: Agriculture Application: look into crop health assessments to ensure that crops are being well watered and nourished for upcoming harvest

The Federal Aviation Administration was created by the Federal Aviation Act in:

1958

The maximum altitude for small UAS operating under Part 107 is:

400 ft AGL

When an operator mitigates a hazard, the hazard is changed by: A. reducing the probability of the hazard from occurring. B. reducing the severity of the hazard itself. C. designing out the hazard from the operation. A & C A, B, & C

A B & C

The Sense and Avoid Science and Research Panel (SARP) recommends the following limits for Detect and Avoid systems for UAS to remain "well clear" of other aircraft.

A minimum vertical distance of 700 ft., a minimum of horizontal distance of 4000 ft., and a minimum time to closest point of approach of 35 seconds.

Although a Sensor can be considered the payload for a UAS, there is a general definition of a Payload. Explain the difference between a Sensor and a Payload.

A payload consists of a configuration of sensors which are devoted to the application of the UAS. Wheras a sensor supports the mission of the collection platform. A payload normally leaves the aircraft, but a sensor normally stays on the aircraft.

The Commercial Control List is used to classify products that may need an export control license. The classifications are: a.) A) Systems, equipment, and components, B) Test, inspection, and production equipment, C) Material, D) Software, E) Technology (knowledge). b.)A) Systems, equipment, and components, B) Test, inspection, and production equipment, C) Material, D) Unmanned Aerial Systems, E) Circuit Boards. c.) A) Small Unmanned Aerial Systems and their components, B) Test, inspection, and production equipment, C) Carbon fiber technology, D) Software, E) Technology (knowledge).

A) Systems, equipment, and components, B) Test, inspection, and production equipment, C) Material, D) Software, E) Technology (knowledge).

Detect And Avoid (DAA) system components may be made of at least these three components:

Active Sensors, Cooperative Sensors, and Avoidance Algorithms.

Three common applications for sUAS are: 1. Vegetation Health Measurements, Live Video, Background Imagery. 2. Emergency Response, 3-D Point cloud modeling, Background Imagery. 3. 3-D Point cloud modeling, Emergency Response, Vegetation Health Measurements.

All of the above

According to the text, there are two main functions for a Detect and Avoid system, they are: Collision Avoidance and Self-Separation. Command Maneuver and Collision Avoidance. Self-Separation and Evaluate Threat.

Answer 1

Most Public aircraft (including UAS) and pilots operating these aircraft: 1. do not meet FAA airworthiness and pilot training requirements. 2. usually meet all FAA airworthiness and pilot training requirements. 3. do not have to meet FAA airworthiness and pilot training requirements.

Answer 2 and 3

Command and Control systems are __________________. 1. Beyond Line of Sight systems only. 2. continuous radio frequency communications throughout the flight. 3. hand held control devices held by the operator only. 4. autopilot systems that control the aircraft.

Answer 2 and 4

The following entities are allowed to use Section 333 exemptions: 1. The military or any government agency 2. Oil companies 3.Film companies 4. Realtors

Answers 2 3 and 4

Can a UAS operator fly over people? If yes/no explain, why. (The explanation is more important than the initial answer. Think about your explanation.)

As long as you get a waiver then yes

Difference between BVLOS and BLOS

BLOS can reach much longer distances, remote sensing capabilities

Assigning the severity of a hazard will give it one of four categories. Three of these categories are: a.)Catastrophic, Critical, and Moderate. b.) Catastrophic, Marginal, and Negligible. c.) Terrible, Critical, and Moderate.

Catastrophic, Marginal, and Negligible.

During a Risk Analysis, a major step is to mitigate the Risk or Hazard. To mitigate a Risk or Hazard in this context means to: a.) Determine what Risks or Hazards are acceptable. b.) Redefine the Risk or Hazard. c.) Change either the probability or the severity, or both.

Change either the probability or the severity, or both.

The FAA is a federal agency under the auspices of:

DOT

The term used to describe how the UAS command and control information is sent and received both to and from the Ground Control Station and autopilot is: a.) Data Link b.) BLOS c.) LOS d.) Video Link

Data Link

You have a product that is used on new UAS for navigation and command and control. Where should you go to determine if the product requires an export license? a.) Department of the Treasury, Department of State, & Department of Commerce. b.) The Directorate of Defense Trade Control (DDTC) has a publication that may help. "Getting Started with Defense Trade", The Unites States Army, and Export Control Classification Numbers. c.) United Nations Security Council, Department of State, and Department of Commerce.

Department of the Treasury, Department of State, & Department of Commerce.

We study errors because: a.) Errors are interesting and allow us to determine what happened. b.) Errors provide interesting entertainment on YouTube. c.) Determining the cause of errors can allow the development of procedures to eliminate them.

Determining the cause of errors can allow the development of procedures to eliminate them.

After completing the Preliminary Hazard List and Analysis the risk level of Hazard #4 is found to be assigned a risk level of 22. The operator needs to mitigate this hazard immediately. (T/F)

False

Completing a Hazard Analysis for the flight stage of an operation is sufficient for the mission. (T/F)

False

Export controls are means by which companies can protect their technology from being copied by entities in other countries. (T/F)

False

If a person that is not a pilot violates a Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) Regulation, the FAA has no means of enforcing the regulation. True or False

False

If an operator of an Unmanned Aircraft System violates a regulation, but is not a certified Remote Pilot, the FAA cannot impose any penalties upon the individual. (T/F)

False

Part 107 Unmanned Aircraft restrictions on aircraft weight can be waivered. True or False

False

The Academy of Model Aeronautics (AMA) regulate recreational use of small UAS. True or False

False

The reason HFACS would be used for analysis is to attribute blame. (T/F

False

The N2C-2 drone of the interwar years represented what major advance in UAS?

First to use a manned aircraft to control a UA.

A Remote Pilot wants to apply for a waiver to operate her UAS over a Florida Tech Women's softball game in order to make a video for the school administration. How does she find the information to submit a waiver? a.) Go to FAA.gov and look for UAS requirements. b.) Review CFR Title 14 Part 107 for the answer. c.) Go to FAA.gov and fill out the form for Requesting a Part 107 waiver.

Go to FAA.gov and fill out the form for Requesting a Part 107 waiver.

A Remote Pilot wants to apply for a waiver to operate her UAS over a Florida Tech Women's softball game in order to make a video for the school administration. How does she find the information to submit a waiver? a.) Review CFR Title 14 Part 107 for the answer. b.) Go to FAA.gov and fill out the form for Requesting a Part 107 waiver. c.)Go to FAA.gov and look for UAS requirements.

Go to FAA.gov and fill out the form for Requesting a Part 107 waiver.

Three different applications that sUAS can be used for as an Atmospheric Information Collection tool are: a.) Hazardous material detection, Volumetrics, and meteorology b.) Hazardous material detection, radioactive material detection, and Emergency Response. c.) Hazardous material detection, radioactive material detection, and meteorology.

Hazardous material detection, radioactive material detection, and meteorology.

In late 1944, the United States invited 55 states or authorities to attend a meeting that eventually brought about the:

ICAO

Define "In Situ" Sensing with regard to UAS operations.

In situ describes how measurements are made. In situ is important for UAS operations since it serves two purposes: forces the UA to respond to environmental parameters and measures the specific parts of the environment at a given location.

Why did all of the early aircraft inventors use unmanned aircraft to test their designs?

Many of the early tests resulted in crashes that were dangerous and could injure or kill the pilot.

Why did all of the early aircraft inventors use unmanned aircraft to test their designs? a.) If people were meant to fly, they would have wings. b.) Winds made it impractical to fly the aircraft themselves. c.) Many of the early tests resulted in crashes that were dangerous and could injure or kill the pilot.

Many of the early tests resulted in crashes that were dangerous and could injure or kill the pilot.

What invention by Elmer Sperry greatly contributed to the advancement of UA systems in the early 1900s? a.) Gliders and Wing Design b.) Radio and Radio Communications c.) Wing warping approach to roll control and heavier than air Flight d.) Mechanical autopilot and Gyrocompass

Mechanical autopilot and Gyrocompass

Aircraft requirements for sUAS in Part 107 include: a.) Must be less than 55 pounds, must be operated by a remote pilot, must undergo a pre-flight and post-flight check. b.) Must be registered, must be operated by a remote pilot, must be less than 0.5 pounds. c.) Must be registered, must undergo a pre-flight and post-flight check, must be less than 55 pounds.

Must be registered, must be operated by a remote pilot, must be less than 0.5 pounds.

3 levels of SA

Perception, Comprehension, Projection

During World War II the use of Unmanned Aircraft made a transition to use as weapons. The Cold War years marked a transition to the use of unmanned aircraft as _________________.

Reconnaissance & Decoys

A Remote Pilot wants to operate a UAS over the Melbourne Square Mall to inspect the air conditioning compressors on the roof after a hurricane. She must obtain permission from: a.) Request a waiver from the FAA online on the FAA Web Site. b.) The security officers at the Melbourne Square Mall. c.) The Melbourne Control Tower Air Traffic Control Supervisor.

Request a waiver from the FAA online on the FAA Web Site.

Two Attention Types discussed in the text are:

Selective and Divided

Two issues in operating UAS that occur due to "human perception" are:

Sensors onboard the UAS may not be of much help and there is a big difference between being in the aircraft and operating it from the ground.

Name two common sensors and explain why they are normally used for in UAS operations:

Spectral sensors: Takes advantage of the Electromagnetic spectrum by using different frequencies through visible light cameras, Near Infrared Cameras (NIR) and Short Wave Infrared (SWIR). Spectral sensing can be used for an array of things such as creating thermographic image for a highly detailed image during a dam inspection. SAR: Uses radar systems to send out a radar pulse. The radar pulse is then reflected back for the receiver to construct a 2D or 3D image of the return echoes. SAR is normally used for creating high quality still imagery for inspecting infrastructure such as dams or agriculture.

Immediately before WW-2, how did the U.S. military change the use of Unmanned Aircraft? a.) The Navy began using unmanned aircraft to bomb enemy ports. b.) The military began using unmanned aircraft as target drones instead of weapons. c.) The military used unmanned aircraft as reconnaissance platforms.

The military began using unmanned aircraft as target drones instead of weapons.

The final goal for operating Unmanned Aircraft Systems in the National Airspace System is: a.) To fly Unmanned Aircraft in Special Use Airspace and Restricted Areas. b.) To fly Unmanned Aircraft for delivering cargo only. c.) To file and fly, or to fly Unmanned Aircraft in the National Airspace System just like manned aircraft.

To file and fly, or to fly Unmanned Aircraft in the National Airspace System just like manned aircraft.

A remote pilot must evaluate her medical (mental and physical) state and determine if she is fit to operate the UAS before flight. True or False

True

An Operational Hazard Review and Analysis is very similar to a Preliminary Hazard Analysis but done during the operation. (T/F)

True

Some methods that the FAA uses to enforce its regulations is by amending, modifying, suspending, or revoking any certificate it issues. True or False

True

The FAA derives its power from the Department of Defense through CFR Title 14 of the US Code. True or False

True

Advisory Circulars (ACs) are written and distributed to the public by the FAA to provide guidance with regard to aviation regulations. Advisory circulars are: a.) Trueonly considered law if they are referenced in the Code of Federal Regulations. b.)are advisory in nature and not federal law. c.) always part of federal law and someone can be prosecuted if they do not follow the AC.

Trueonly considered law if they are referenced in the Code of Federal Regulations.

What are the three types of Photogrammetry discussed in the textbook? a.) Aerial Mapping, Aerial Surveying, and Volumetrics. b.) Aerial Mapping, Volumetrics, and LIDAR line scanning. c.) Aerial Surveying, Point Mapping, In Situ Collection.

a.) Aerial Mapping, Aerial Surveying, and Volumetrics.

Performing a Preliminary Hazard Analysis will: a.) Allow the operator to identify, organize, evaluate, and attempt to mitigate any potential hazards. b.) Determine all hazards that exist and resolve them all. c.) Ensure that if there is an accident, the operator will not be sued.

a.) Allow the operator to identify, organize, evaluate, and attempt to mitigate any potential hazards.

Elements of an Unmanned System are: a.) Launch and recovery system, human element, payload, communications data link, unmanned aircraft. b.)iPad, unmanned aircraft, propeller(s), payload, pilot. c.) The human element, command and control, unmanned aircraft, payload, navigation element.

a.) Launch and recovery system, human element, payload, communications data link, unmanned aircraft.

Frequencies used for Command and Control in the United States for sUAS are likely to be those frequencies that: a.) do not require a license from the Federal Communications Commission. b.) are frequencies that are not used by anyone else in the United States. c.) require a radio operator's permit and a license from the Federal Communications Commission.

a.) do not require a license from the Federal Communications Commission.

Accident Investigations should be taken seriously and: a.) the operator should consider having an expert perform the analysis and investigation. b.)are only performed if there is an injury or damage to property. c.) are easily performed by the operator of the UAS.

a.) the operator should consider having an expert perform the analysis and investigation.

The real privacy issue with the use of sUAS is: a.) who is allowed to collect and receive the data taken by a sUAS and how long can it be stored. b.) Law Enforcement agencies can surveil anyone at any time. c.) sUAS operators can video you in your back yard.

a.) who is allowed to collect and receive the data taken by a sUAS and how long can it be stored.

The text discusses three types of control methods for UAS, they are: a.) Remote Sensing Control, Manual Control, and Automated Control. b.) Manual Control, Stabilized Control, and Automated Control. c.) Visual Control, Automated Control, and Stabilized Control.

b.) Manual Control, Stabilized Control, and Automated Control.

According to your text, the most significant unmanned aircraft of WWII was: a.) predator b.) Nazi Germany's V-1 Buzz Bomb. c.) QH-5 Dash. d.) IAI Scout.

b.) Nazi Germany's V-1 Buzz Bomb.

The following responsibilities are relegated to the FAA by the Department of Transportation: a.) Registering all airports in the United States, Developing Air Traffic Regulations, and Registering Aircraft. b.) Registering Aircraft, Promote Regulations regarding Airports and Aircraft, and Developing Air Traffic Regulations. c.) Developing Air Traffic Regulations, Promoting Regulations regarding Commercial Ground Transportation, and Registering all motor vehicles that operate on Airports.

b.) Registering Aircraft, Promote Regulations regarding Airports and Aircraft, and Developing Air Traffic Regulations.

A person that is applying for a Remote Pilot Certificate must be vetted by: a.) The Transportation Security Agency. b.) The Federal Aviation Administration and a Certified Flight Instructor. c.) The Federal Aviation Administration and the Transportation Security Agency.

b.) The Federal Aviation Administration and a Certified Flight Instructor.

Small Unmanned Aerial Systems Autopilots: a.) only needs to communicate with the remote pilot. b.) are integrated and communicate with other systems on the UAS. c.) only communicates with the navigation system.

b.) are integrated and communicate with other systems on the UAS.

Inertial Navigation Systems use data from: a.) only the Global Positioning System (GPS) since the GPS can give it all the position data needed. b.) other sensors to stabilize and maintain position information for the autopilot. c.) the airspeed system because that system provides inertia information.

b.) other sensors to stabilize and maintain position information for the autopilot.

During World War II the use of Unmanned Aircraft made a transition to use as weapons. The Cold War years marked a transition to the use of unmanned aircraft as _________________. a.) Bombs b.) reconnaissance & Decoys c.) Targets

b.) reconnaissance & Decoys

Three of the major layers of defenses discussed in the text regarding HFACS are: a.) Preconditions, Operator Actions, and Latent Failures. b.)Organizational Influences, Supervisor Influence, and Preconditions. c.) Hindsight Bias, Supervisor Influence, and Operator Actions.

b.)Organizational Influences, Supervisor Influence, and Preconditions.

Accident Investigations should be taken seriously and: a.) are easily performed by the operator of the UAS. b.)the operator should consider having an expert perform the analysis and investigation. c.) are only performed if there is an injury or damage to property.

b.)the operator should consider having an expert perform the analysis and investigation

Hindsight Bias is the:

belief that an event is more predictable after it becomes known than before it is known.