Undernutrition, Nutrient deficiency, and Over Nutrition

Name the functions of Zinc

1. Consituent of 200+ enzymes and transcription factors, 2. tissue growth, 3. functional development, and4. immunity

Name the functions of Iodine

1. Constituent of thyroid hormones that regulate oxygen use, 2. basic metabolic rate, 3. protein synthesis, and 4. thermogenesis

Name the Functions of Iron

1. Oxygen transport, 2. Cofactor for 200 + enzymes(cellular transportation, division, neurotransmission, immunity, and growth)

Name the functions of Vitamin A

1. Vision cycle,2. Cell proliferation, and 3. Cell differentiation

How many people world wide have mild to severe Zinc Deficiency?

2.2 billion

How has the occurance of Iodine deficiency been reduced?

Adding Iodine to salt, oil or irrigation watter

Name some ways you can volunteer to fight overnutrition

After school programs or Weekend programs educating children about healthy eating in a local library, Marathons, fun runs, coaching sports, assist with summer camps, etc.

Wasting

Being a very low bodyweight for their height

Stunted Growth

Being shorter than expected for ones age as a result of being chronically undernourished.

What children are considered to be consuming inadaquate calories?

Children <5th percentile for height of their age

What children are considered underweight or wasted?

Children <5th percentile for weight-height BMI for their age

Name the consequences of Kwashiorkor

Death from disease(because of weakened immune system) or it can be reverese if adaquate protein and calories are given in time

Name the consequences of Marasmus

Death will occur from dehydration, heart failure, or infection if untreated

How are agricultural practices contributing to global malnutrition?

Deforestation, Overgrazing, Crop rotation, and using agricultural land for cotton, coffee, tobacco, etc. instead of subsistence crops.

How is disease a cause of global malnutrition?

Disease and lack of healthcare to fight diseases reduces work capacity and ability to ward off poverty and malnutrition

How can nutrient deficiencies be treated?

Eat a variety of foods, and fortifying foods

What are some solutions for addressing Zinc deficiency?

Eat bioavable foods liike meat, liver, eggs and milk, don't eat excessive fiber, polyphenols, or phytates, and mill or soak grains before eating.

What are some Global solutions to malnutrition?

Eradication of extreme poverty and hunger(United Nations Millennium Development Goals), Monitor droughts, floods, etc., and Global partnership for development.

Overnutrition

Excessive caloric intake along with inadaquate physical activity; people with excessive caloric intake can develop micronutrient toxicity and deficiencies.

Nutrient Toxicity

Excessive consumption of one or more nutrients; can be caused by mega dosing on single micronutrient supplements

What are some causes of Global Malnutrition

Famines, Natural disasters, Wars, Refugee migration, Food shortages, Overpopulation, Agricultural practices, Lack of infrastructure, Disease impacts, Unequal food distribution, and Poverty

What causes Kwashiorkor?

Grossly inadaquate protein and lower energy intake

What causes Marasmus?

Grossly inadaquate protein intake and Grossly inadaquate calories

What can severe Zinc deficiency impair?

Growth and Sexual maturation

What can Iodine deficiency do to school age children?

Impair cognitive performance, and slow physical development

Undernutrition

Inadequate calorie consumption

What are some solutions for addressing iron deficiency?

Increasing iron rich food sources, using cast iron pan, or use iron supplementation with sprinkles(a lipid encapsulated iron in powder form)

People with Zinc deficiency have a reduced resistance to what?

Infectious diseases

Which micronutrient should be given as prenatal care because it is critical for fetal brain development?

Iodine

What is the most common Micronutrient deficiency in the world?

Iron

Which micronutrient deficiency causes 50% of the worlds anemia?

Iron

What are the 4 most common micronutrient deficiencies?

Iron, Iodine, Zinc, and Vitamin A

Nutrient Deficiency

Lacking one or more essential nutrients in diet.

Fetal Origin of Disease

Manlnutrition during fetal development contributes to obesity and chronic diseases in adulthood because of metabolic disease caused from early imbalanced. Leads to increased mortality rates(especially in Neonatal, Infants, and during Pregnancy).

What are the two Protein-Energy Malnutrition(PEM) disorders?

Marasmus and Kwashiorkor

Disease and circumstances that cause Wasting

Marasmus, Kwashiorkor, Cancer or Aids(lack of appetite), Anorexia nervosa, and those with too little to eat

Where is the Nutrition Paradox the most common?

Mexico, Brazil, Egypt, India, China, and Thailand

Name some ways you can volunteer to fight hunger

National Student Campaign Against Hunger and Homelessness, Hunger cleanups, staff relief agencies, donations, promote community activism, Gather foods for local food banks, volunteer in soup kitchen, distribute food to home bound elderly, and start a community or school garden

Over nutrition causes

Obesity, Nutrient deficiencies, Nutrient toxicities, Heart Disease, Cancers, Type 2 Diabetes, Reduced productivity, and Death.

What are some Local solutions to malnutrition?

Programs to encourage breastfeeding, Programs to combat infectious disease, Programs to promote equitable food distribution, and effective strategies at eliminating common childhood infections.

What lack of infrastructure is contributing to global malnutrition?

Roads, Transportation, Electricity/refrigeration, Irrigation, Safe drinking water, sewage systems, Sanitation Communication, Healthcare, and Public education

Name some diseases that can be caused from eating to many calories but not receiving proper vitamins and minerals

Scurvy, Pellagra, Goiter, Rickets, and Night Blindness

Name the symptoms of Marasmus

Skin and bone appeaance, Severe wasting of muscle tissue, Little to no subcutaneous fat, Stunted physical growth, Stunted brain deveopment, and Anemia

How can we improve overpopulation issues?

Slow population growth(reduce birth rates), Improve education of women and girls, and improve food production and importation.

Name the symptoms of Kwashiorkor

Some weight loss+ muscle wasting Edema abdominal distention(from lack of blood proteins), retarded growth/development, and sores and skin problems

What are some technological solutions to malnutrition?

Sustainable agriculture techniques, transgenic crops(GMO's), High yield grain varieties, Increase productivity while improving environmental quality

Nutrition Paradox

The coexistence of undernutriion and obesity in the same region, househouse, or even the same person.

How does overpopulation cause malnutrition?

There aren't enough resources to support the number of people living.

What are some solutions for addressing Iodine deficiency?

Universa salt iodization, planning, education, and implementing

In West and Central africation, 40% of children under age 6 are deficinet in what micronutrient?

Vitamin A

Which micronutrient is the leading cause of blindness in children?

Vitamin A

What are some solutions for addressing Vitamin A deficiency?

Vitamin A capupsules, Food fortification, and increase consumption of foods high in Vitamin A.

Under nutrition causes

Wasting, Stunting, PEM's, Nutrient deficiency, infections, and disease, Anemia, Poor brain development, Sores/Skin Problems, decreased work activity, Illness as an adult, and Death

Who is at the highest risk for developing Iron deficiency?

Women, Infants, and Children

What does Vitamin A deficiency make you more vulnerable to and ultimately what can this lead to?

infections, and death.