Understanding Human Sexuality- Bivins-UHD- Exam Chs 9 and 17

A woman who is referred to as sexually frigid might be diagnosed with which disorder today according to the DSM-V?

Female sexual arousal disorder

The idea that there is a false notion of sexual equivalence between men and women is highlighted by the fact:

When women describe their experience, it is different than male experiences

Which of the following sensations has amphetamines injections been associated with?

Whole body orgasm

Although both men and women experience performance-related distractions, ____________ are more likely to experience appearance-related distractions

Women

Female sexual arousal disorder (FSAD)

A sexual disorder in which there is a lack of response to sexual stimulation. -lack of lubrication -reported by roughly 10 percent of women -common right after and before menopause (estrogen levels decline, vaginal lubrication decreases)

acquired sexual disorder

A sexual disorder that develops after a period of normal functioning.

lifelong sexual disorder

A sexual disorder that has been present ever since the person began sexual functioning.

Behavior therapy

A system of therapy based on learning theory, in which the focus is on the problem behavior and how it can be modified or changed. -due to prior learning and keep getting reinforced

What is a disorder called that develops after a period of normal functioning?

Acquired sexual disorder

What kind of therapeutic approach recognizes the potential biological, cognitive-behavioral and relationship influences on any sexual disorder?

Integrative

Which of the following wouldn't lead to a history of negative prior learning? (Seductive behavior by parents, intense religious training, an embarrassing first sexual act, child sexual abuse)

Intense religious training

Which of the following are true of genito-pelvic pain/penetration disorder? (It is a diagnosis introduced in the DSM-5, & Vaginismus and dyspareunia tend to occur together, it was an old generic diagnosis that was removed from DSM-5, new diagnosis was needed because vaginismus and dyspareunia tend not to occur together)

It is a diagnosis introduced in the DSM-5, & Vaginismus and dyspareunia tend to occur together

What effect do most people believe marijuana has on sexuality?

It is an aphrodisiac

When anxiety blocks the sexual response that the person desires:

It often starts a self-perpetuating cycle which makes it worse

Which of the following are disadvantages of online sex therapy? (Lack of focused intensive therapy, there is no licensing system, technology does not allow for true interactivity, Permission and positive encouragement cannot be provided in online sex therapy)

Lack of focused intensive therapy, there is no licensing system

What advice could lead to a better sexual relationship, according to your text?

Learn to talk with your partner while having sex

Masters and Johnson pioneered the use of behavioral techniques to treat sexual problems because they viewed sexual disorders as ____________________, rather than symptoms of a psychiatric disorder

Learned behavior

What's another term for sexual desire?

Libido

In vaginismus, anytime something inserted into the vagina-- penis, finger, tampon, or speculum-- what happens?

The muscles spasm and will not allow anything inside

genito-pelvic pain/penetration disorder

The term in DSM-5 for pain during sex (dyspareunia) or vaginismus, which tend to occur together.

Which of Viagra's main competitors, are also good for a few hours as opposed to 24-36 hour treatment of one of the other drug alternatives? (Lexapro, Zydena, Cialis, Levitra)

Zydena & Levitra

lifelong erectile disorder

Cases of erectile disorder in which the man has never had an erection sufficient to have intercourse.

Which drug is effective for erectile disorder for up to 24-36 hours?

Cialis

Barlow's model of sexual dysfunction focuses on what cognitive processes?

Cognitive interference & attention

When sexual problems arise despite supportive interpersonal situation, adequate sexual knowledge, and positive attitudes, they may be the result of...

Side effects of medications, pregnancy or STIs, medical conditions

How does a male get an erection with a penile prosthetic?

The man literally inflates his penis

defining premature ejaculation

(1) ejaculation that always or almost always occurs prior to or within one minute of vaginal penetration (note the heteronormativity of the definition); (2) the inability to delay ejaculation; and (3) distress about the problem.

due to psychological factors

(1) sexual aversion or inhibition of sexual pleasure due to past experiences of physical, sexual, or emotional abuse; (2) personality problems with attachment or rejection, or depression or anxiety; and (3) sexual inhibition due to fear of sexual acts or their possible consequences, such as pain during intercourse or fear of pregnancy or STIs.

sexual problems due to relationship

(1) sexual inhibition or distress arising from betrayal or fear of the partner because of abuse; (2) discrepancies in desire or preferences for sexual activities; (3) ignorance or inhibition about sexual communications; (4) loss of sexual interest as a result of conflicts over issues such as money, or resulting from traumatic experiences such as infertility; and (5) loss of arousal due to partner's health or sexual problems.

cocaine

- increase sexual desire, enhance sensuality, and delay orgasm chronic use: loss of sexual desire, orgasmic disorders, and erectile disorders --depends on way do it --inject is worst on sex

Cause of Premature Ejaculation

--local infection such as prostatitis may be the cause --degeneration in parts of the nervous system (neural disorders) --evolution: ejaculate fast, don't get eaten

stats on no desire

-10 percent of women up to age 49 have problems with lack of desire -50 percent in women over 65 -half as many men as women experience desire problems

Vaginismus

-a spastic contraction of the muscles surrounding the entrance to the vagina, in some cases so severe that intercourse is impossible

marijuana

-chronic users report decreased sexual desire -marijuana use has been associated with orgasmic disorder -- In women, low doses of cannabis are associated with increased sexual desire and sexual pleasure --in men, moderate doses of cannabis appear to increase sexual desire while at the same time creating erection problems

Cause of Erectile Disorder

-disease with heart/circulatory system -diabetes mellitus (blood flow and nerve damage) (28 percent of men with diabetes have an erectile disorder) -Hypogonadism—an underfunctioning of the testes so that testosterone levels are very low -hyperprolactinemia, in which there is excessive production of prolactin -anything that hurts lower spinal cord

Situational orgasmic disorder

-have orgasms sometimes

Female orgasmic disorder (orgasmic dysfunction, anorgasmia, and inhibited female orgasm) (frigidity)

-inability to have orgasm -20 percent of women report difficulties with anorgasmia

amphetamines (stimulant)

-increased arousal

acquired erectile disorder

Cases of erectile disorder in which the man at one time was able to have satisfactory erections but can no longer do so.

Delayed ejaculation (male orgasmic disorder.)

-man cannot have an orgasm, even though he is highly aroused and has had a great deal of sexual stimulation -10 percent of men experience this problem

dyspareunia

-painful intercourse -8 percent of women and 2 percent of men report pain during sex

flibanserin (proposed trade name Addyi)

-possible to help women orgasm -acts to reduce levels of the neurotransmitter serotonin and to increase levels of dopamine and norepinephrine -"pink viagra"

cause female orgasmic disorder

-severe illness, fatigue, spinal cord injury

cause delayed ejac.

-surgery: spinal cord, prostate, multiple sclerosis

premature ejaculate

-too soon, believes can't control -15 percent of men have difficulties with early ejaculation

sex prob. Due to Sociocultural, Political, or Economic Factors

1) ignorance and anxiety due to inadequate sexuality education, lack of access to health services, or other social constraints; (2) sexual avoidance or distress due to perceived inability to meet cultural norms regarding ideal sexuality (e.g., anxiety about one's body or about sexual orientation); (3) inhibitions due to conflict between the norms of one's culture of origin and those of the dominant culture; and (4) lack of interest or fatigue due to family and work obligations

alcohol affects on sex

1) short-term pharmacological effects, (2) expectancy effects, (3) long-term effects of chronic alcohol abuse --At high dosage levels, alcohol acts as a depressant and sexual arousal is suppressed, in both men and women

5 part model to treat men with erectile dysfunciton

1. Sexual and performance anxiety reduction. 2. Education and cognitive intervention. 3. Script assessment and modification. 4. Conflict resolution and relationship enhancement. 5. Relapse prevention training

Difficulties with arousal and lubrication are common and are reported by roughly _____% of women

10%

______% of men under 40 have erectile disorder, but _____% of men have one in their 60s.

10%; 30%

Which of the following is not one of the 5 steps in treating erectile disorder? (relationship enhancement, education, 12-step program, anxiety reduction)

12-step program

How long does the average chimpanzee intercourse last?

7 seconds

cognitive- behavioral therapy

A form of therapy that combines behavior therapy and restructuring of negative thought patterns.

Kegel exercises

A part of sex therapy for women with orgasmic disorder, in which the woman exercises the muscles surrounding the vagina; also called pubococcygeal or PC muscle exercises.

sensate focus exercises

A part of the sex therapy developed by Masters and Johnson in which one partner caresses the other, the other communicates what is pleasurable, and there are no performance demands. ---based on the notion that touching and being touched are important forms of sexual expression and that touching is also an important form of communication

sexual disorder

A problem with sexual response that causes a person mental distress.

discrepancy of sexual desire

A sexual disorder in which the partners have considerably different levels of sexual desire.

hypoactive sexual desire (HSD)

A sexual disorder in which there is a lack of interest in sexual activity; also termed inhibited sexual desire or low sexual desire. -aka: inhibited sexual desire or low sexual desire -most common disorder in women

When is ICI most likely to be used?

After Viagra doesn't work

Which of the following is not a criticism of the DSM framework of sexual dysfunction made by the sex therapists who formulated a New View of women's sexual problems? (All dysfunctions should be treated by society, false notion of sexual equivalence between men and women, the unacknowledged role of relationships in the sexuality, leveling of differences among women)

All dysfunctions should be treated by society

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual or DSM

American Psychiatric Association's manual of disorders

What kind of drugs can cause erection problems in men?

Antihypertensive drugs

What can long-term alcoholism do to the testes?

Atrophy of the testes

Which of the following is a disorder of the vaginal entrance?

Bartholin gland infection

Which of the following approaches would emphasize the role of learning on sexual disorder? (Sociobiological, cognitive, humanistic, behavioral)

Behavioral

What term is used to describe the use of self help books to treat a disorder?

Bibliotherapy

cause painful and vaginismus

Dyspareunia in women: 1) Disorders of the vaginal entrance. Irritated remnants of the hymen; painful scars, perhaps from an episiotomy or sexual assault; or infection of the Bartholin glands. 2) Disorders of the vagina. Vaginal infections; allergic reactions to spermicidal creams or the latex in condoms or diaphragms; a thinning of the vaginal walls, which occurs naturally with age; or scarring of the roof of the vagina, which can occur after a hysterectomy. 3) Pelvic disorders. Pelvic infection such as pelvic inflammatory disease, endometriosis, tumors, cysts, or a tearing of the ligaments supporting the uterus. Men: allergies or poor hygiene

Some professionals believe that premature ejaculation would be better termed _______________________.

Early ejaculation

Which of the following is not a key advantage in online sex therapy? (Easier to obtain the anxiety medication needed for success, one can obtain help without their partner knowing, its anonymity is a major advantage, it is more affordable and accessible)

Easier to obtain the anxiety medication needed for success

Which of the following is not one of the criteria or premature ejaculation? (The inability to delay ejaculation, almost/always occurs prior to/within one minute of vaginal penetration, consistent and recurring distress about inability to delay, without orgasm sensation)

Ejaculation without an orgasm sensation

Impotence is another term for which sexual disorder?

Erectile disorder

People with sexual disorders tend to rate ________ on negative affect and ________ on positive affect in sexual situations

High; low

How do Kegel exercises help sexual functioning?

Make orgasm easier?

Which researchers ushered in a new understanding and treatment of sexual disorders in 1970 with the book Human Sexual Inadequacy?

Masters and Johnson

Spectatoring

Masters and Johnson's term for acting as an observer or judge of one's own sexual performance; thought to contribute to sexual disorders.

A woman who is able to reach as orgasm from oral sex but not from vaginal penetration....

May no warrant sex therapy, has situational orgasmic disorder, may or may not be in distress

Immediate: Cognitive interference

Negative thoughts that distract a person from focusing on the erotic experience.

Someone with delayed ejaculation may be unable to...

Orgasm

Discrepancies in desire or preferences for sexual activities is a sexual problem due to what category of interpersonal problems?

Partner and relationship

How does crystal meth create a sexual concern?

People on it engage in risky behaviors

Organic factors of sexual disorders

Physical factors, such as disease or injury, that cause sexual disorders.

Which of the following are not organic factors that can cause sexual disorders? (religion, disease, emotions, injury)

Religion & emotions

___________________ desire is the term used to describe a pattern in which a person begins to feel desire when sexual activity starts

Responsive

A focus on touch and the giving and receiving of pleasure through the other senses is known

Sensate focus

Which of the following is not a factor causing painful intercourse in men? (Small ejaculatory duct, infected foreskin, allergic reaction to latex or spermicide, poor hygiene)

Small ejaculatory duct

What technique occurs when right before orgasm, the person stops and returns to plateau phase and then continues?

Start-stop technique

Erectile disorder (impotence)

The inability to have or maintain an erection. -occurs in fewer than 10 percent of men under 40 but then increases to about 30 percent for men in their 60s

prior learning

Things that people have learned earlier—for example, in childhood—that now affect their sexual response.

Immediate causes

Various factors that occur in the act of lovemaking that inhibit sexual response. (1) anxieties such as fear of failure, (2) cognitive interference, (3) failure of the partners to communicate (4) failure to engage in effective, sexually stimulating behavior

More ______________ report having sexual desire disorder

Women

_____________ are more likely to be diagnosed with dyspareunia

Women

psychiatric drugs—that is, drugs used in the treatment of psychological disorders

antihistamines -- can reduce vaginal lubrication --antihypertensive drugs (used to treat high blood pressure) can cause erection problems in men

New View of the nature of women's sexual problems and their causes

diagnostic categories have three flaws: (1) they treat male sexuality and female sexuality as totally equivalent, when they differ in some important ways; (2) they ignore the relational context of sexuality and desires for emotional intimacy; and (3) they ignore differences among women and naturally occurring variations in women's sexuality.

Crystal methamphetamine ("ice")

high risky behavior on it

Which of the following are desire disorders? (sexual aversion disorder, hypoactive sexual desire, discrepancy sexual desire, orgasmic disorder)

hypoactive sexual desire & discrepancy sexual desire

Viagra (sildenafil)

treatment of erectile disorder HOW: PDE5 inhibitors -They inhibit or block an enzyme (PDE5), and by doing so, they relax smooth muscles in the arteries to the penis, thereby allowing more blood to flow into it

Bibliotherapy

reading self help book

narcotics (opiates)

suppression of sex feelings

Cognitive restructuring

therapist essentially helps the client restructure his or her thought patterns, helping them to become more positive

responsive desire

when you start to feel sexual after sexual activity starts, not before