Unit 1
A historian would most likely use this selection from the Quran to demonstrate which of the following? A The continuation of religious ideals in the Abrahamic religions. B The existence of God. C Evidence about the life of the prophet Muhammad. D A comparison of the Abrahamic religions' various paths to heaven.
A
Based on the map and your knowledge of world history, Hinduism was attractive to Southeast Asians for each of the following reasons EXCEPT A Hinduism spread in areas of Southeast Asia in which Buddhism was very unpopular. B Hinduism was able to be easily integrated with their original religions. C Hindu merchants spread knowledge and culture from other parts of the world. D Hinduism allowed practitioners to customize their beliefs to a large extent.
A
Based on your knowledge of world history, which of the following contributed MOST to the end of footbinding practices in 20th century China? A The rise of communism by mid-century and the creation of a new government under Mao Zedong. B The transition toward capitalism in the late 20th century and China's reclamation of Hong Kong. C The continuation of Confucian values within China's families throughout the 20th century. D The popular uprisings throughout the century such as the Boxer Rebellion, May 4th Movement, and Tiananmen Square Protest.
A
If a historian based an understsanding of African societies on Al-Umari's account of Mansa Musa in Cairo, which of the following would represent an incorrect historical assumption of major African societies? A Dominance of Islam in Sub-Saharan Africa. B Access to international trade routes led to growing wealth and political clout C Increased urbanization of major African cities D Growth in manufacturing of local goods
A
The author's reference to Gabra Masqal's appointment of governors can be used as evidence for which of the following developments? A Ethiopian rulers utilized a bureaucracy to govern an expanding state. B Ethiopian rulers decentralized their government, allowing families to govern themselves. C Ethiopian rulers borrowed governance systems from neighboring Muslim states. D Ethiopian rulers utilized the toleration model to govern a diverse religious population.
A
The transcription and transmission of tales such as the Ramayana were useful as a means to promote A a vision of how Hindu principles applied to daily life. B models that allowed one to reach a state of Nirvana. C Hindu practices across a diverse array of cultures. D principles that could be used by successive imperial administrators.
A
This source represents a similarity to Chinese interactions in Korea in which of the following ways? A Local authorities adopted Chinese cultural habits B Chinese exploration led to military conquest C Innovations in agriculture brought by the Chinese led to greater urbanization D China sought to protect localities within its sphere of influence from Western influence
A
Which of the following attributes of Inca society BEST maintained the interconnectedness of the Inca Empire? A The mita labor system. B The ayllu social system. C The cultural role of the Sapa Inca. D The building of huacas.
A
Which of the following best represents the most likely source of Mansa Musa's wealth, allowing him to sponsor the construction of Islamic schools and mosques (masjids) in Mali? A Mali's vast reserves of gold and salt B Mali's participation in the Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade C Mali's production of silk and textiles D Mali's control of the Swahili Coast trade routes
A
Which of the following conclusions is best supported by the excerpt? A The Inca viewed expansionism as vital to their success as an empire. B The Inca practiced religious toleration to better integrate conquered people. C The Inca Empire was unique as a maritime empire in the Americas. D The Inca used neighboring peoples to serve in their coerced labor system.
A
Which of the following conclusions is best supported by the second image? A China's merchant class experienced growth and vitality during the 12th century. B China's cities in the 12th century had a strict social hierarchy that limited interaction among China's social classes. C China was experiencing a renaissance of the arts during the 12th century. D China's shi class was a vital component of the economic structure of China.
A
Which of the following conclusions regarding the social status of women in India can be drawn from this passage? A While the social status of women changed slightly. they still had a significantly lower status than men . B Indian religions granted higher benefits to women. C Indian religions lowered the social status of women. D The social status of women was improved, but only within Buddhist circles.
A
Which of the following first disrupted China's economy soon after the time period pictured? A The Mongol conquest of China and establishment of the Yuan Dynasty. B The destruction of the Silk Road network in the south and its reestablishment in the north. C The beginning of the Little Ice Age, a time period of cooler global temperatures, which destroyed Chinese crops. D The onset of the Bubonic Plague which led to massive depopulation in China's southern cities.
A
Which of the following was the MOST important change that Buddhism underwent from 600-1450 C.E. as it continued to spread throughout Asia? A Buddhism experienced syncretism as it adapted to local belief systems, including Confucianism and Daoism. B Buddhist monks rejected political influence and grew increasingly distant from secular activities. C Mahayana Buddhism emerged, leading to Buddhism's first theological dichotomy from its origins. D The nature of Buddhism as a religion of individuality changed, leading to mass appeal among the educated classes.
A
A historian could best use Source 1 and Source 2 together to illustrate which of the following developments from Period 3, c. 600 CE - c. 1450 CE? A Communication and exchange networks developed in the Americas B Increased agricultural productivity contributed to revival of some urban areas. C Invasion and lower agricultural productivity led to the decline of some urban areas. D Increased cross-cultural interactions resulted in scientific and technological innovations.
B
A historian could utilize the excerpt above in order to make which of the following claims about classical Indian society? A Hindu religious practices saw themselves threatened by the emergence of Buddhism, which had more practical examples for daily life, which the Ramayana adapted. B The codification and transmission of religious practice was becoming increasingly important. C There was an emerging sense of ambiguity over the status of women in Indian society. D Indian society had a strong tradition of political and social based on castes.
B
A historian utilizing this excerpt to advance a thesis on the relationship between Islam and the state would most LIKELY note A that the Seljuk Turks were converts to the Islamic faith. B the fact that the writer of this excerpt might have been under some duress to promote his benefactors. C Western ideals and practices were in wide diffusion in the Middle East. D mandates within Islamic theology that rulers had divine powers.
B
All of the following are reasons for the shift of the Song Dynasty to the south EXCEPT A increased pressure by northern nomads, especially the Jurchens and Mongols. B an internal succession conflict that divided the government and led to the creation of a southern capital at Kaifeng. C new technologies that opened previously unproductive land in the south. D the Song government's abandonment of the Tang era policy of incorporating nomadic peoples into the empire.
B
All of the following elements of Hinduism were transmitted to Southeast Asia EXCEPT A The pantheon of gods. B The caste system. C The practice of devotion to a certain god. D Indian myths and legends.
B
Based on your knowledge of world history, activities such as those in the first image could also be found in this major city in the 12th century. A Timbuktu. B Cahokia. C Cuzco. D Great Zimbabwe.
B
Based on your knowledge of world history, which of the following presented a significant challenge to Inca builders? A Lack of rainfall. B High mountains and steep valleys. C Inexperienced workers. D Frequent rebellions.
B
During the period 1200 to 1450, which of the following resulted most directly from the diffusion of Islam to the Iberian Peninsula? A The start of reform movements to make Islam more compatible with Catholicism B The concerted efforts by Europeans to forcefully expel non-Christians C The integration of Muslims into Afro-Eurasian trade networks D The collapse of the Abbasid Caliphate due to overexpansion
B
Each of the following conclusions regarding Japanese Buddhism are suggested by this image EXCEPT A Some Japanese Buddhist movements revered a great number of divinities. B Some Buddhist temples were designed to replicate this maṇḍala. C Geometry was an important aspect of Japanese Buddhist art. D Some figures in this image possess greater religious importance than others.
B
How is the depiction of women in the excerpt similar to concepts of proper gender roles of most classical religions? A Women were encouraged to be fundamentally silent in their dispositions. B Women were encouraged to be dutiful wives and serve their husbands. C Women were primarily seen as mothers of the nation and a people. D Women were encouraged to be involved in political and social intrigues.
B
In the spirit of this passage, which of the following is a major element of Chinese culture that did not integrate well with Buddhism? A Polytheism. B Filial piety. C Harmony with nature. D The dynastic cycle.
B
Mounds such as these located throughout North America were characteristic of which of the following trade networks in the period 600 C.E. to 1450 C.E.? A Puebloan. B Mississippian. C Great Plains. D Iroquois.
B
On which of the following did Inca builders rely? A The strength and mobility of horses and oxen. B The skill and industry of an experienced labor force. C Cleverly constructed wheeled carts, which helped haul materials up steep mountain slopes. D Techniques learned from the Maya.
B
The Buddha's eventual acceptance of women in the Buddhist order is characteristic of which of the following non-Buddhist concepts? A Love (Christianity). B Filial piety (Confucianism). C Virtue (Daoism). D Wisdom (Judaism).
B
The author's comparison of Inca trade practices with those of the "peoples of Mesoamerica" is most likely a reference to which of the following during the period from 1200 to 1450? A The Toltec Empire's use of currency in place of a traditional barter economy B The Aztec Empire's use of extracting resources through tributary relations C The Maya civilization's practice of bartering foodstuffs for luxury goods like turquoise D The Cahokia civilization's implementation of a trans-regional slave trade
B
The development of the practice of footbinding in China in the 600-1450 C.E. period, pictured here, can BEST be understood in the context of which of the following? A The arrival of Islam in China in the pre-Tang era. B The rise of Neoconfucianism in China in the Song era. C The diffusion of Buddhism to China in the pre-Tang era. D The spread of Christianity to China in the late Song era.
B
Compared to 12th century China, Western Europe during the 12th century A was consolidated under the centralized structure of the Western Roman Empire and concentrating on Empire expansion throughout the Mediterranean. B was ruled by the Roman Catholic Church which was determined to ease religious tensions between the Eastern Orthodox Church. C was in disarray after the dissolution of the Western Roman Empire and experiencing waves of Germanic migrations . D was organized in a decentralized structure and more focused on foreign gains outside of Europe.
D
The Indian concept of karma is best illustrated by which of the following quotes from the above passage? A "Stands before his judge". B "Understanding true knowledge through the Veda". C "The canon of one's own duty". D "The bonds of good and evil consequences".
D
The author's reference to Indians' "fanaticism" against foreigners is best understood in the context of which of the following? A Disruption of traditional religious beliefs after the foundation of Sikhism B Increasing conversions to new religions following the Crusades C Declining economic conditions during the era of British imperialism D Devastation accompanying conquering Muslim armies from Southwest Asia
D
The author's reference to the Inca's utilization of "traditional Andean social customs and economic practices" is most illustrative of which of the following continuities related to state building in the Americas during the period 1200 to 1450? A Politics and religion were viewed as separate but equal spheres. B Orchestrated military conquest led to the rise in commercial activities like trade. C Commercial activity connected the peoples of Mesoamerica with the peoples of the Andes. D Respect for previous empires fostered similar commercial and political patterns within regions.
D
The practice of footbinding in China was similar in its social and economic implications to all of the following EXCEPT A the tradition of veiling. B the practice of sati. C the custom of female seclusion, or purdah. D the use of matrilineal descent.
D
Using this map of Inca holdings as a reference, which of the following statements best represents Inca territorial expansion in the 15th and 16th centuries C.E.? A Territorial expansion relied on a single, unifying culture to facilitate its spread throughout Inca holdings. B Territorial expansion ensued once the Inca developed a writing system for record keeping. C Territorial expansion was necessary due to Incan society's lack of an agricultural base. D Territorial expansion was largely facilitated through military conquest and creation of a confederation of states.
D
Which of the actions described in the passage does not symbolize or reflect the strength of African state systems in the twelth century CE? A Mansa Musa's gifts of gold to leaders in the city of Cairo. B Communication by Mansa Musa to city leaders through an interpreter. C Repugnance Mansa Musa demonstrated to the audience. D Piety of the sultan Mansa Musa.
D
Which of the following BEST captures the relationship between Islamic theology and the state depicted in this excerpt? A Islam exists separately from the governance of the state. B Rulers are directly chosen by God due to their great qualities. C The qualities of divinity are utilized as a means to promote the state. D The state serves to promote and enforce Islamic theology.
D
Which of the following aspects of the historical situation in East Africa during the fourteenth century best explains the author's perspective in the passage? A Christianity divided following the Great Schism between Eastern Orthodoxy and Roman Catholicism. B Islam experienced disunity because of the factionalism related to the Shi'a-Sunni conflict. C The Crusades disrupted traditional diplomatic relations in East Africa between Muslim and Christian states. D The expansion of Islam threatened Christian kingdoms throughout Afro-Eurasia.
D
Which of the following conclusions about Indian society can be drawn from the above passage? A Many ancient Indians believed that fate could not be changed. B Kings and priests alike read and followed scriptures such as these. C Similar ideas of "attachment" influenced the Buddhist concept of nirvāṇa. D Indian religious life was based heavily around societal norms.
D
Which of the following contributed MOST to the diffusion of Buddhism throughout Asia from circa 600-1450 C.E.? A The reemergence of centralized dynastic rule in Song China . B The movement of nomadic pastoral societies from Central Asia. C The long-term establishment of Buddhism as a state religion in China and Japan. D Peaceful contact by missionaries and merchants along Asian trade routes.
D
Which of the following is MOST comparable to the Inca mit'a system? A The construction of the Great Wall of China. B The caste system in India. C The building of the U.S. interstate highway system. D European feudalism.
D
Which of the following is a major drawback for historians using Source 1 and Source 2 as sources of evidence about Aztec society? A Both sources are biased. B Neither source had first-hand knowledge of Aztec society . C Both are primary sources. D Neither source presents a purely Aztec view of their society.
D
Which of the following pieces of evidence would BEST illustrate the transition away from overseas travel during the Ming dynasty? A A journal which tracked custom duties in major Chinese ports. B Census accounts of non-ethnic Chinese citizens during the 14th and 15th centuries. C Examination responses for entrance into the Chinese civil bureaucracy. D The official statements of governors of Northern border provinces.
D
Which of the following represents the most likely cause of the diffusion of Islam to Mali? A Conquests by the Abbasid Caliphate during their expansionist campaigns of the twelfth century B Concerted efforts by Turkic missionaries to convert African during the seventh century C Warfare as a result of Crusading Europeans during the eleventh century D Commercial and missionary activity from the ninth through the thirteenth centuries
D
Which of these best describes the nature of the goods traded throughout this trade network? A Gold and silver. B Paper money and coin currency. C Textiles. D Minerals and finished luxury goods.
D
Zheng He's voyages promoted the Chinese state by A ensuring a supply of Confucian converts to pilgrimage sites in China. B reinforcing the subservient nature of states within the Indian Ocean basin. C leading to the discovery of technological innovations. D rebuilding national prestige through foreign tribute.
D
The image of an Islamic center of worship (constructed in the 8th century) in the heart of Christian Europe is best understood in the which of the following contexts during the period 1200 to 1450? A Muslims in central Asia adopted European architectural styles following the Crusades. B Islam diffused to the Iberian Peninsula as a result of the expansionism of the Umayyad Caliphate. C Muslims did not emphasize elaborate centers of worship, letting the believer worship at home. D Islam and Christianity clashed over the nature of God, especially the concept of the Trinity.
B
The reference to "barriers which separate Muslims and Hindus" in the excerpt most directly refers to which of the following? A The increasing power of Turks within Islam as Arab and Persian influence declined B The cultural tension between adherents of strict monotheism and polytheism C The difference in how women were treated in South Asian societies D The declaration of a prohibition of a head tax on non-Muslims
B
The source illustrates a continuity in Chinese self-thought in which of the following way? A The sense that Confucianism demanded an ordered society B The belief in the centrality and superiority of the Chinese state C The necessity of exploration as a means to gain economic benefits D The importance of paying tribute to deal with rival groups of people
B
The travelers chronicled in the passage above practiced which of the follow religions? A Hinduism. B Buddhism. C Daoism. D Confucianism.
B
These two sources are BEST understood in the context of which of the following? A The spread of Buddhism to Central and East Asia. B The spread of Buddhism to East and Southeast Asia. C The spread of Buddhism throughout South Asia. D The spread of Buddhism in the Indian Ocean Basin.
B
What Chinese innovation caused an increase in population during the Song dynasty? A A new strain of rice capable of producing two to three crops a year. B New waterworks technology allowed for the draining of swamps, control of floods, and the use of rice terraces. C New forms of labor organization abolished slavery in China. D The increased demand for agricultural labors pulled in people from outlying regions, such as Vietnam and Tibet.
B
Which of the following comparative elements best represents a difference between Andean and Mesoamerican cultures during the period 600 to 1450 C.E.? A The existence of a powerful priestly class. B The presence of writing systems. C The building of monumental architecture. D The creation of complex agricultural systems despite environmental obstacles.
B
Which of the following developments resulted most directly from Mansa Musa's pilgrimage to Mecca? A Mansa Musa fostered a government where religion would be separate from the state to encourage religious diversity and immigration to Mali. B Mansa Musa worked to increase the devotion of his people to the religion of Islam as way to unify his empire and connect Mali to the larger Islamic commercial world. C Mali allied themselves with Turkic rulers of the expanding Ottoman Empire to orchestrate a military conquest of Christian Europe. D Mali integrated traditional polytheistic and animistic beliefs into Islam to create a unique, syncretic West African version of Islam.
B
Which of the following regions or societies in Africa experienced economic growth that a historian could attribute to trade connections with other international trade routes from the same time period? A Mali B Swahili Coast C Hausa-controlled regions D Timbuktu
B
Which of the following represents a change when comparing this trade network to previous ones in the region, namely the Hopewell and Adena networks? A The presence of social stratification within network communities. B The production of maize-based agriculture by network communities. C The practice of mound building by network communities. D The use of river-based exchange networks.
B
A historian studying the expansion of Islam in the centuries after its founding would most likely use the document above to illustrate which of the following? A Commerce and trade were the primary methods of Islamic diffusion. B Missionaries blended indigenous beliefs with Islam to make conversion possible. C Islam struggled to convert people in regions where older religions existed. D The tension between Sunni and Shi'ite sects was not a factor in the growth of Islam.
C
ALL of the following religious traditions include groups that profess similar ascetic ideals EXCEPT? A Christianity. B Jainism. C Zoroastrianism. D Judaism.
C
As indicated in the passage, the practices of the Ethiopian government during the fourteenth century were most similar to the practices of which of the following states during the period 1200 to 1450? A The Holy Roman Empire B The Mayan Empire C The Song Empire D Japan
C
Based on the source and your knowledge of world history, Inca builders A relied on materials from the Amazon rain forest. B utilized extensive written blueprints. C adapted materials at hand for their construction needs. D traded valuable metals for sophisticated Aztec tools.
C
Based on your knowledge of world history, which of the following was diffused in a similar pattern to Buddhism's spread in the 600-1450 C.E. period? A Neoconfucianism in China. B Mongol influence in the Pax Mongolia. C Islam in West Africa. D Mexica influence in Mesoamerica.
C
Compared to Chinese family structures and gender roles in the period 600-1450 C.E., West African family structures and gender roles were A similar, leading to the complete subordination of West African women to men. B unique, permitting women to have completely equal social status to men. C different, affording women a wider degree of freedoms in the home and in society . D alike, leading to body modification rituals confining women to the home.
C
Each of the various references to "duty" or "duties" in the above passage relates to which of the following major Indian concepts? A Karma. B Mokṣa. C Dharma. D Brahman.
C
Gautama MOST likely appears three positions above the central buddha because Japanese Buddhists A had no relationship with the Indian Gautama and instead emphasized a buddha that they could identify with. B associated Gautama with one of the four directions. C regarded Buddhas other than Gautama as the ritual foci of later Buddhist texts. D saw Gautama as equal to the remaining host of buddhas and other deities.
C
The author's discussion of "distinct ecological zones" and "ecological niches" in the Inca Empire from 1200 to 1450 refer most directly to which of the following? A The Inca Empire's mountainous geography made long-distance trade impossible. B The Inca Empire's use of boats and maritime trade to expand in the Americas . C The Inca Empire's expansion efforts led to an increasing diversity of geographical features. D The Inca Empire practiced a religion dedicated to the worship of nature deities.
C
The mandala MOST likely contains deities that represent the seven days of the week and the twelve signs of the Greek zodiac because A the Japanese were heavily interested in astronomical concepts during the ninth century CE. B rulers demanded that Buddhist implements remain scientifically accurate. C Buddhism served as a vehicle for the transmission of Western concepts to East Asia. D Japanese Buddhists developed concepts that were nearly identical to their Western counterparts.
C
These images from the silk scroll painting Along the River During Qingming Festival from the early 12th century C.E. are best understood in the context of which of the following? A Increasing agricultural yields during the Era of Division. B The return of the dynastic cycle with the Tang Dynasty. C Urban growth and development during the Song Dynasty. D The arrival of the Silk Road network to urban centers throughout China.
C
What new food product allowed for rapid population growth in China during the Song era? A The sweet potato. B Maize. C Champa rice. D Millet.
C
Which of the following beliefs of the Islamic faith is most closely related to this passage? A Muslims must be charitable and give to those in need. B A holy jihad is justified if the Islamic faith is under attack. C The relative tolerance of the other Abrahamic religions. D There is no god but Allah and his prophet is Muhammad.
C
Which of the following does Mansa Musa's actions in Cairo best reflect? A The completion of the Trans-Saharan trade route linking Sub-Saharan Africa with the Levant. B The abundance of wealth created by the salt trade with Africa states north of the Sahara. C The expanded economic and political influence of African states such as Mali. D Economic collapse caused by an oversupply of gold on the African market.
C
Which of the following factors best explains why the religion of Islam and Islamic empires did not expand further into Europe during the period 1200 to 1450? A The start of the Crusades resulting in the delay of Islamic efforts to expand B The deprioritization of expansionism as trade resulted in the diffusion of Islam C The internal turmoil and disunity resulting from the Sunni-Shi'ite schism D The strength and vitality of the Holy Roman Empire ending Islamic invasions
C
Which of the following political philosophies most closely resembles the one described in the excerpt? A Divine Right of Kings. B Christian Monasticism. C Mandate of Heaven. D Ceaseropapism.
C
A historian would use which of the following religious buildings as evidence of the extensive influence of Hinduism in Southeast Asia? A Shwedagon Pagoda. B Nālandā. C Borobudur. D Angkor Wat.
D
According to this passage and your knowledge of world religions, which of the following religions was the LEAST influential to Islam? A Christianity. B Zoroastrianism. C Judaism. D Sikhism.
D
Based on the passage and your knowledge of world history, which of the following aspects of Indian culture best relates to the strengths of the Indian people according to the author above? A Vegetarianism. B The notions of dharma and karma. C The gods of India. D The caste system.
D
Based on your knowledge of World History and Source 1, which of the following agricultural techniques did the Aztecs use to increase food production before contact with Spaniards? A Horse collars that increased plowing efficiency. B Iron metallurgy that made tools more effective. C Terraced fields that allowed mountain farming . D Use of very rich soil in "floating gardens."
D
Which of the following statements is most accurate based on the current historical understanding of American empires prior to European arrival in the early 16th century? A European interference halted a process whereby American empires such as those of the Aztecs and Incas were growing closer to establishing a unified government linking Mesoamerica and the Andes. B Both the Inca and Aztec empires were in the process of being replaced by other indigenous empires prior to the arrival of Europeans in the Americas. C The American empires of the Incas and Aztecs were dealing with internal weaknesses and may have dissolved on their own without European intervention. D Without European intervention, American empires like those of the Aztecs and Incas were stable enough socially and politically to survive on their own for many more years.
C
