Unit 1 - Daily Video Notes
In a Rhetorical Analysis essay do not...
List the examples you find of rhetorical choices
4th step for analyzing an argument?
Look for patterns or organization that emerge
2nd step for analyzing an argument?
Look for reasons
What "trick" helps you ensure a defensible claim?
Make sure you can say "prove it" about your statement and can then provide the evidence (and reasoning) for making that claim
Argument IS
Making an assertion/thesis and supporting it with evidence
Example: Appeal to Stop Smoking Pathos Appeal:
My grandfather died because of smoking - I don't want to lose you too.
Where can a thesis, main idea, or conclusion be found in an essay?
Often at the beginning or revealed at the end
What should your evidence do?
Persuade readers to accept your claims, and support your claim in your writing
Evidence use Example: Reason: He was an NFL trailblazer
Pieces of Evidence: -Evidence: Taliaferro was the Jackie Robinson of the NFL (analogy) -Evidence: Taliaferro was the first Black man drafted by an NFL team (statistics) - Evidence: He was the first Black man to play the quarterback position in the NFL (statistics)
What makes the reason and evidence different?
Reason and evidence are different because the reason is the why and the evidence is the how.
Paraphrase:
Rephrasing (in your own words and sentence structure) of a portion of a source that is about the same length as the original sentence or sentences you are paraphrasing.
How to remember the rhetorical situation...
SOAPSTone
Summary:
Shorter than the original source and presents the central idea in your own words
Example: Appeal to Stop Smoking Logos Appeal:
Smoking causes cancer, so you should not do it.
What does each letter in SOAPSTone stand for?
Subject Occasion Audience Purpose Speaker Tone
Rhetorical Situation: Context
The circumstances surrounding the situation
What makes up the line of reasoning?
The claims used to build an argument
What is the difference between paraphrasing and summarizing?
The difference between paraphrasing and summarizing is that while paraphrasing is taking the original text and putting it into your own words and structure, summary is taking the original text and shortening it by stating the central idea. Paraphrasing is essentially changing the original text while still expressing the same idea and length, whereas summarizing is shortening the original text and stating the conclusions or central ideas.
What is the support for the writer's claims/reasons?
The evidence
3.) The main idea, conclusion or thesis is...
The main idea which a write organizes an essay
What is the third reason to use rhetoric?
The skills transfer to college and beyond
Rhetorical Situation: Exigence
The specific occasion/ event that prompted the message to be spoken/written
Rhetoric
The study of Effective persuasive language use
Whats the first reason to use rhetoric?
Understanding rhetoric enables students to understand and participate in conversations about important world issues
2.) The main idea, conclusion or thesis is...
Very important- It tells the reader the purpose
Rhetorical Situation: Message
What the writer wants the audience to think or know
Effective writers choose evidence based on what?
What they know about their audience
Rhetorical Situation: Writer
Who is doing the writing
Rhetorical Situation: Audience
Who the writer is speaking to
Rhetorical Situation: Purpose
Why the speaker is conveying a message
How can you tell evidence and reason apart in your writing?
You can differentiate the two by analyzing the text and figuring out what is the purpose of the paragraph, and what is supporting that purpose.
Example: Appeal to Stop Smoking Ethos appeal:
Younger kids will look up to you, you should be a good example
How will rhetorical analysis prompts be worded on the AP exam?
[background on the rhetorical situation]. Read Passage careful. Write an essay that analyzes the rhetorical choices [the writer] makes to [develop/achieve/convey] [his/her] [argument.../purpose...message...].
Claims should NOT be...
a statement of fact
In a rhetorical analysis essay you will...
analyze the choices a writer makes for a specific purpose to a specific audience
Effective writers select more convincing evidence based on what they know about their...
audience
when evaluating evidence: "Does my evidence support the...
claim?"
It is not enough to hunt for and list where we find appeals, we need to...
delve deeper and analyze the effectiveness based o what the speaker knows about the audience
when evaluating evidence: "Did I select evidence...
effectively?"
when evaluating evidence: "Is my evidence....
embedded effectively?"
Pay close attention to how a writer uses evidence and how...
it is woven into their writing
In a rhetorical analysis essay you will not...
list examples of rhetorical choices you discover
3rd step for analyzing an argument?
look for evidence
The most effective writers don't just tell, they...
show with specific evidence to support their ideas
Think about how evidence and use of evidence impacts...
your writing
Rhetoric is...
"The Power of Words"
In a Rhetorical Analysis essay do...
-Analyze the choice a writer makes for a specific purpose for a specific audience -Delve deeper and analyze the effectiveness of those choices based on what the speaker knows about the audience
What are the tenets of effective evidence/claims?
-Are interesting -Do not state the obvious -Include evidence -Consider the rhetorical situation -Are organized
Rhetorical Triangle
-Speaker: What is the character/persona of the writer -Audience: Who are they? What do they already know? What is their attitude about the subject? -Purpose: Why are they writing?
1st step for analyzing an argument?
-look for the main idea/thesis
The AXES format for constructing body paragraphs...
1. Assertion = reason 2. eXample = specific evidence for support 3. Explanation = 2+ sentences explaining HOW the evidence supports the claim 4. Significance = how it connects back to the thesis
The basic format for constructing body paragraphs...
1. Claim = reason 2. Evidence = support to SHOW the audience 3. Explanation = 2+ sentences explaining HOW the evidence supports the claim 4. Connection to thesis = what it means in relation to the thesis
Ways a writer may appeal to their audience:
1. Ethos(ethics) 2. Logos (logic) 3. Pathos (emotions)
Rhetorical Situation: 6 elements
1. Exigence 2. Purpose 3. Audience 4. Context 5. Writer 6. Message
What are the different types of evidence?
1. Facts 2. Anecdotes 3. Analogies 4. Statistics 5. Details 6. Illustrations 7. Expert opinions 8. Personal observations 9. Personal experiences 10. Testimonies 11. Experiments
The PEEL format for constructing body paragraphs...
1. Point = reason 2. Evidence = specific evidence for support 3. Explanation = 2+ sentences explaining HOW the evidence supports the claim 4. Link = how it connects back to thesis
The three common ways writer's embed evidence to support their claims:
1. Quotation 2. Paraphrase 3. Evidence
Ways to organize evidence:
1. Sequence or chronological 2. Description 3. Cause/effect 4. Comparison/contrast 5. Problem/solution 6. Order of importance 7. Logical by topics/claims 8. Combination
What are the 3 types of essays on the AP Language exam?
1. Synthesis Essay 2. Rhetorical Analysis Essay 3. Argument Essay
A defensible claim:
A statement about a subject that requires support with evidence. These are "controversial" because not everyone agrees with them, so they cannot be effective without evidence.
Quotation:
A word or sentence(s) taken word-for-word from a source and enclosed in quotation marks
1.) The main idea, conclusion or thesis is...
An assertion- the writer's opinion or stance on an issue
Pathos (Emotions):
Appeals to emotion
Logos (Logic):
Appeals to logic or reason
Ethos (Ethics):
Appeals to shared beliefs/values
Writers can use signal words when presenting evidence such as:
Argues, asserts, contends, emphasizes, explains, observes, suggests, writes
5th step for analyzing an argument?
Determine how effective these choices are at conveying the writer's message to the audience
Argument is NOT:
Disagreeing with someone else's idea
What is the second reason to use rhetoric?
It gives them a voice
