Unit 1 Gooru

The best evidence is that the Appalachian mountains formed ________ the break-up of the supercontinent. Before or After

Before

The North American continent was anchored in its northeastern by corner by the ___________ - a zone undergirded by ancient rock, probably the first part of what became the North American landmass to have emerged above sea level. Mesabi Lode or Canadian Shield

Canadian Shield

American merchants readily complied with the Molasses Act. True or False

False

As the American Revolution evolved, the Patriots became a clear and strong majority of the American colonists. True or False

False

Europeans and Native America cultures shared essentially the same perspectives about the concept of land ownership and land stewardship, which provided a natural source of harmony between the two groups. True or False

False

In 1619 blacks were sold from a Dutch ship to work in the tobacco fields of Virginia, and the historical record is very clear that these black workers were slaves, and were not indentured servants. True or False

False

In the immediate wake of the American Revolution, the British repealed the Navigation Acts. True or False

False

Jefferson's Declaration was made all the more powerful, considering that he had never owned slaves at any time in his life. True or False

False

Most of the state constitutions did not contain a bill of rights. True or False

False

New England authorities were not permitted to intervene to restrain abusive spouses. True or False

False

The banjo and the bongo drum were Spanish contributions to American culture, while the guitar was an African contribution to American culture. True or False

False

The introduction of horses to the Americas had little to no effect on the Indians of North America. True or False

False

Settlers in Carolina only enslaved blacks - these settlers never enslaved Indians, and they never trafficked in Indian slaves. True or False

False - The savannah indians were slaves in the carolinas

The charter granted to the Virginia Company of London provided that the settlers at Jamestown would not be allowed to retain their rights as Englishmen. True or False

False - They had all rights of British citizens

A major precedent that the Anti-Federalists cited as a basis for adding a bill of rights to the Constitution was that most of the state constitutions had a bill of rights. True or False

True

A successful assault on Canada would add a fourteenth colony, while depriving Britain of a valuable base for striking at the colonies in revolt. But this large-scale attack, involving some two thousand American troops, contradicted the claim of the colonists that they were merely fighting defensively for a redress of grievances. True or False

True

About 225 million years ago, a single supercontinent contained all of the world's dry land. True or False

True

American science was making some progress, though lagging behind the Old World. True or False

True

Americans probably enjoyed a higher standard of living than the masses of any country in history up to that time. True or False

True

As late as January 1776— five months before independence was declared— the king's health was being toasted by the officers of Washington's mess near Boston. True or False

True

As prime land became scarcer, masters became increasingly resistant to including land grants in "freedom dues." The servants' lot grew harsher as the seventeenth century wore on. True or False

True

As the various immigrant groups mingled and intermarried, they laid the foundations for a new multicultural American national identity unlike anything known in Europe. The African slave trade long had mixed peoples from many different tribal backgrounds, giving birth to an African-American culture and community. True or False

True

At the top of this southern social ladder perched a small but powerful covey of great planters. Owning gangs of slaves and vast domains of land, the planters ruled the region's economy and virtually monopolized political power. True or False

True

Before disembarking, the Pilgrim leaders drew up and signed the brief Mayflower Compact. Although setting an invaluable precedent for later written constitutions, this document was not a constitution at all. It was a simple agreement to form a crude government and to submit to the will of the majority under the regulations agreed upon. True or False

True

Blacks in the tobacco-growing Chesapeake region had a somewhat easier lot. Tobacco was a less physically demanding crop than those of the deeper South. Tobacco plantations were larger and closer to one another than the rice plantations. True or False

True

But no slave uprising in American history matched the scale of Bacon's Rebellion. True or False

True

But the Spanish fused with the Native Americans through marriage while incorporating indigenous culture into their won, rather than shunning and eventually isolating the Indians as their English adversaries would end up doing. True or False

True

By 1775 America was not yet a true democracy— socially, economically, or politically. But it was far more democratic than England and the European continent. Colonial institutions were giving freer rein to the democratic ideals of tolerance, educational advantages, equality of economic opportunity, freedom of speech, freedom of the press, freedom of assembly, and representative government. True or False

True

By 1775, eight of the colonies had royal governors, who were appointed by the king. Three—Maryland, Pennsylvania, and Delaware— were under proprietors who themselves chose the governors. And two—Connecticut and Rhode Island—elected their own governors under self-governing charters. True or False

True

By conferring partial membership rights in the once-exclusive Puritan congregations, the Half-Way Covenant weakened the distinction between the "elect" and others, further diluting the spiritual purity of the original settlers' godly community. True or False

True

By ingeniously embedding the doctrine of self-rule in a self-limiting system of checks and balances among these branches, the Constitution reconciled the potentially conflicting principles of liberty and order. It represented a marvelous achievement, one that elevated the ideals of the Revolution even while setting boundaries to them. True or False

True

By the Treaty of Paris of 1783, the British formally recognized the independence of the United States. In addition, they granted generous boundaries, stretching majestically to the Mississippi on the west, to the Great Lakes on the north, and to Spanish Florida on the south. True or False

True

By the mid-18th century, the richest 10 percent of Bostonians and Philadelphians owned nearly two-thirds of the taxable wealth in their cities. True or False

True

By the mid-eighteenth century, Britain's several North American colonies, despite their differences, revealed some striking similarities. All were basically English in language and customs, and Protestant in religion, while the widespread presence of other peoples and faiths compelled every colony to cede at least some degree of ethnic and religious toleration. True or False

True

Christian crusaders, though defeated in the Crusades, can accurately be described as "indirect" discovered of Americas. True or False

True

Colonial society on the eve of the Revolution was beginning to show signs of stratification and barriers to mobility that raised worries about the "Europeanization" of America. True or False

True

Colorful little New Amsterdam attracted a cosmopolitan population, as is common in seaport towns. A French Jesuit missionary, visiting in the 1640s, noted that eighteen different languages were being spoken in the streets. New York's later babel of immigrant tongues was thus foreshadowed. As a defense measure, the hard-pressed settlers on Manhattan Island erected a stout wall, from which Wall Street derives its name. True or False

True

Commercial ventures and land speculation were the surest avenues to speedy wealth. True or False

True

Compared to most seventeenth century Europeans, Americans lived in affluent abundance. Land was relatively cheap, though somewhat less available in the planter-dominated South than elsewhere in the colonies. True or False

True

Competition for European trade often led Native Americans to compete with each other. Often the result was an escalating cycle of Indian-on-Indian violence, fueled by the lure and demands of European trade goods. Guns, alcohol, and finished goods were often sought in trade by the Indians from Europeans. True or False

True

Congress hopefully drafted new appeals to the British people and king—appeals that were spurned. Anticipating a possible rebuff, the delegates also adopted measures to raise money and to create an army and a navy. The British and the Americans now teetered on the brink of all-out warfare. True or False

True

Despite the egalitarian sentiments that emerged from the Revolutionary experience, laws against interracial marriage sprang up, and emancipated blacks could be barred from buying property, holding certain jobs, and educating their children True or False

True

During the Indians' millennia of isolation in the Americas, most of the Old World's killer maladies had disappeared from among them. But generations of freedom from those illnesses had also wiped out protective antibodies. Devoid of natural resistance to Old World sicknesses, Indians died in droves. True or False

True

During these roaring revival meetings, countless sinners professed conversion, and hundreds of the "saved" groaned, shrieked, or rolled in the snow from religious excitation. Whitefield soon inspired American imitators. True or False

True

Edwards proclaimed with burning righteousness the folly of believing in salvation through good works and affirmed the need for complete dependence on God's grace. True or False

True

England's victory over the Spanish Armada helped ensure England's naval dominance in the North Atlantic. It started England on its way to becoming a strong, unified national state under a popular monarch. It enjoyed a measure of religious unity after a protracted struggle between Protestants and Catholics. England was developing a vibrant sense of nationalism and national destiny. True or False

True

Even though poverty existed in America, as evidenced by the establishment of almshouses in Philadelphia and New York in the 1730s, the numbers of poor people were small compared to the number of poor people in England. By 1750, Boston contained a large number of homeless people. True or False

True

Everywhere corn was planted, it began to transform nomadic hunting bands and settled agricultural villagers, but this process went forward slowly and unevenly. True or False

True

Few cities sprouted in the colonial South, and consequently an urban professional class, including lawyers and financiers, was slow to emerge. Southern life revolved around the great plantations, distantly isolated from one another. Waterways provided the principal means of transportation. True or False

True

For a brief period of time, New Jersey's new state constitution permitted women to vote in 1776. True or False

True

For the most part, the native peoples of North America were living in small, scattered, and impermanent settlements on the eve of the Europeans arrival. True or False

True

Freedom of worship was guaranteed to all residents, although Penn, under pressure from London, was forced to deny Catholics and Jews the privilege of voting or holding office. True or False

True

From 1778 to 1783, France provided the rebels with guns, money, immense amounts of equipment, about one-half of America's regular armed forces, and practically all of the U.S.' naval strength. True or False

True

General Burgoyne began his fateful invasion with seven thousand regular troops. Progress was painfully slow, for sweaty axmen had to chop a path through the forest, while American militiamen began to gather like hornets on Burgoyne's flanks. True or False

True

Given what the states had just endured with British rule, it is not surprising that the framers of the Articles of Confederation made our first national government too weak. True or False

True

In 1691 Massachusetts was arbitrarily made a royal colony, with a new charter and a new royal governor. The permanent loss of the ancient charter was a staggering blow to the proud Puritans, who never fully recovered. Worst of all, the privilege of voting, once a monopoly of church members, was now to be enjoyed by all qualified male property holders. True or False

True

In 1774 the Continental Congress called for the complete abolition of the slave trade. Several northern states either abolished slavery outright or provided for gradual emancipation of blacks. True or False

True

In 1778 France offered the Americans a treaty of alliance. Their treaty promised everything that Britain was offering (home rule) —plus independence. Both allies bound themselves to wage war until the United States had won its freedom and until both agreed to terms with the common foe. The Treaty of Alliance was negotiated by Benjamin Franklin. True or False

True

In North America the great glaciers of the Ice Age carpeted most of the present day Canada and the U.S as far southward as a line stretching from Pennsylvania through the Ohio country. True or False

True

In colonial schools most of the emphasis was placed on religion and on the classical languages, Latin and Greek. The focus was not on experiment and reason, but on doctrine and dogma. Independence of thinking was discouraged. Discipline was quite severe, with many a mischievous child being sadistically "birched" with a switch cut from a birch tree. True or False

True

In contrast to the single indentured servants of the Chesapeake, the New England Puritans migrated mostly in family groups, and in many cases whole communities were transplanted from England to America. True or False

True

In general, the soil of the middle colonies was fertile and the expanse of land was broad, unlike rock-bestrewn New England. Pennsylvania, New York, and New Jersey came to be known as the "bread colonies," by virtue of their heavy exports of grain. True or False

True

In local elections in the Massachusetts Bay colony, adult male landowners could vote in local elections, even if they were not members of the church. True or False

True

In more settled agricultural groups, women tended the crops while men hunted, fished, gathered fuel, and cleared fields for planting. This pattern of life frequently conferred substantial authority on women, and many North American native peoples, including the Iroquois, developed matrilinear cultures. True of False

True

In response to the colonies printing their own money Britain prohibited colonial printing of money, and prohibited indulgent colonial bankruptcy laws that worked against British creditor interests. True or Fase

True

In the 1570s and 1580s, Elizabeth's troops crushed the Irish uprising that was supported by Spain with terrible ferocity, inflicting unspeakable atrocities upon the native Irish people. The English crown confiscated Catholic Irish lands and "planted" them with new Protestant landlords from Scotland and England. True or False

True

In the 15th century Portuguese adventurers in Africa were to be found the origins of the modern plantation system, based on large-scale commercial agriculture and the wholesale exploitation of slave labor. This kind of plantation economy would shape the destiny of much of the New World. True or False

True

In the wake of the Revolution, Pirates of the North African states, including the Dey of Algiers, were attacking U.S. Mediterranean commerce and enslaving U.S. sailors. True or False

True

Jefferson then set forth a long list of the presumably tyrannous misdeeds of George III. The indictment included imposing taxes without consent, dispensing with trial by jury, abolishing valued laws, establishing a military dictatorship, maintaining standing armies in peacetime, cutting off trade, burning towns, hiring mercenaries, and inciting hostility among the Indians. True or False

True

Jefferson's defiant Declaration of Independence had a universal impact unmatched by any other American document. It became a source of inspiration for many nations in the protection of natural rights. True or False

True

Just as the West Indies had been a testing ground for the encomienda system that the Spanish had brought to Mexico and South America, so the Caribbean islands now served as a staging area for the slave system that would take root elsewhere in English North America. True or False

True

King James I ruled the state and the church in England from 1603 to 1625. He quickly perceived that if his subjects could defy him as their spiritual leader, they might one day defy him as their political leader (as in fact they would later defy and behead his son, Charles I). True or False

True

King Philip's War inflicted a lasting defeat on New England's Indians. Drastically reduced in numbers, dispirited, and disbanded, they thereafter posed only sporadic threats to the New England colonists. True or False

True

Like Virginia, Maryland depended for labor in its early years mainly on white indentured servants—penniless persons who bound themselves to work for a number of years to pay their passage. In both colonies it was only in the later years of the seventeenth century that black slaves began to be imported in large numbers. True or False

True

Like many revolutions, the American Revolution was a minority movement. Many colonists were apathetic or neutral. True or False

True

Many of the Dutch autocratic policies survived the British takeover. These monopolistic land policies, combined with the lordly atmosphere, discouraged many European immigrants from coming. The physical growth of New York was correspondingly retarded. Much of the Dutch influence and legacy remained intact - examples: easter eggs, Santa Claus, and waffles. True or False

True

More numerous and damaging than ships of the regular American navy were swift privateers. These craft were privately owned armed ships—legalized pirates in a sense—specifically authorized by Congress to prey on enemy shipping. True or False

True

More than any other problem, control of commerce touched off a chain of events that led to the Constitutional Convention in 1787. True or False

True

Often lacking bayonets but always loaded with political zeal, the ragtag American militia units served as remarkably effective agents of Revolutionary ideas. True or False

True

One of Paine's points in Common Sense was that nowhere in the physical universe did the smaller heavenly body control the larger one. He posited then why should the tiny island of Britain control the vast continent of America? True or False

True

Paine inspired his contemporaries to view America as fertile ground for the cultivation of such civic virtue. True or False

True

Peace with a chastened Spain provided the opportunity for English colonization. Population growth provided the workers. Unemployment, as well as a thirst for adventure, for markets, and for religious freedom, provided the motives. Joint-stock companies provided the financial means. The stage was now set for a historic effort to establish an English beachhead in the still uncharted North American wilderness. True or False

True

Pennsylvania was by far the best advertised of all the colonies. Its founder—the "first American advertising man"—sent out paid agents and distributed countless pamphlets printed in English, Dutch, French, and German. True or False

True

Polyglot Native American communities emerged, blurring the boundaries of individual tribal identities. True or False

True

Pugnacious, lawless, and individualistic, the Scots-Irish brought with them the Scottish secrets of whiskey distilling and dotted the Appalachian hills and hollows with their stills. They had no love for the British government that had uprooted them and still lorded over them—or for any other government, it seemed. True or False

True

Republican and Whig ideas made colonists alert to threats to their rights. True or Fase

True

Scarcely any children reached adulthood under the care of two parents, and almost no one knew a grandparent. Weak family ties were reflected in the many pregnancies among unmarried young girls. True or False

True

Self-taxation through representation was a precious privilege that Americans had come to cherish above most others. True or False

True

Settlers in Carolina imported West African slaves experienced in rice cultivation. The Africans' agricultural skill and their relative immunity to malaria (thanks to a genetic trait that also, unfortunately, made them and their descendants susceptible to sickle-cell anemia) made them ideal laborers on the hot and swampy rice plantations. By 1710 they constituted a majority of Carolinians. True or False

True

Settlers of the New Haven settlement fell into disfavor with Charles II as a result of having sheltered two of the judges who had condemned his father, Charles I, to death. In 1662, to the acute distress of the New Havenites, the crown granted a charter to Connecticut that merged New Haven with the more democratic settlements in the Connecticut Valley. True or False

True

Several state capitals were relocated to the western interior. True or False

True

Some 160,000 Spaniards, mostly men, had subjugated millions of Indians. Majestic cathedrals dotted the land, printing presses turned out books, and scholars studied at distinguished universities including those at Mexico City and Lima, Peru, both founded in 1551, eighty-five years before Harvard, the first college established in the English colonies. True or False

True

Taverns sprang up along the main routes of travel, as well as in the cities. Their attractions customarily included such amusements as bowling alleys, pool tables, bars, and gambling equipment. Before a cheerful, roaring log fire, all social classes would mingle, including the village loafers and drunks. The tavern was yet another cradle of democracy. True or False

True

The Battle of Lexington and Concord, considered the first battle of the Revolution, is considered a British victory, but the Minute Men ultimately ended up with a strategic advantage at the end of the day, occupying the heights around Boston, and ultimately holding the British under siege in the city. True or False

True

The Declaration of Independence in 1776 showed that the Americans really meant business, and the smashing victory at Saratoga seemed to indicate that the revolutionaries had an excellent chance of winning their freedom. True or False

True

The First Continental Congress agreed that they would meet again the spring of 1775 if Britain failed to repeal the Intolerable Acts. True or False

True

The Great Awakening tended to break down sectional boundaries as well as denominational lines and contributed to the growing sense that Americans had of themselves as a single people, united by a common history and shared experiences. True or False

True

The Great Basin is bounded by the Rockies on the east and the Sierra and Cascade ranges on the west. True or False

True

The Indians recognized the right to use the land, but the concept of exclusive, individual ownership of the land was alien to them. The English settlers had a different philosophy. They condemned the Indians for "wasting" the earth by underutilizing its bounty and used this logic to justify their own expropriation of the land. True or False

True

The Land Ordinance of 1785 was particularly important because it created easy alienability of land. With boundaries well defined, the land could be more easily sold. True or False

True

The Portuguese promptly set up trading posts along the African shore for the purchase of gold and slaves. Arab flesh merchants and Africans themselves had traded slaves for centuries before the Europeans arrived. Thus from its earliest days, even before Europeans arrived in Africa, slavery by its very nature fostered the extinction of regional African cultures and tribal identities. True or False

True

The Portuguese promptly set up trading posts along the African shore for the purchase of gold and slaves. Arab flesh merchants and Africans themselves had traded slaves for centuries before the Europeans arrived. Thus from its earliest days, even before Europeans arrived in Africa, slavery by its very nature fostered the extinction of regional African cultures and tribal identities. True or False

True

The Powhatans served no economic function for the Virginia colonists. They provided no reliable labor source and, after the Virginians began growing their own food crops, had no commodities of substantial trade to offer in commerce. True or False

True

The Scots-Irish represented about seven percent of the British colonial population in 1775. They were really Scots Lowlanders. True or False

True

The South, with its white and black population diffused over wide areas, was severely handicapped by logistics in attempting to establish an effective school system. Wealthy families leaned heavily on private tutors. True or False

True

The Spanish introduction of the horse to the New World transformed the Sioux from woodland Indians to a more nomadic lifestyle, as the Indians rode the horses on the plains in pursuit of the buffalo. True or False

True

The Treaty of Alliance was the first entangling military alliance in the experience of the American Republic and one that later caused prolonged trouble. True or False

True

The combination of Calvinism, soil, and climate in New England made for energy, purposefulness, sternness, stubbornness, self-reliance, and resourcefulness. Righteous New Englanders prided themselves on being God's chosen people. They long boasted that Boston was "the hub of the universe"— at least in spirit. True or False

True

The cruel complexity of the slavery issue was further revealed when Thomas Jefferson, himself a slaveholder, assailed the British vetoes in an early draft of the Declaration of Independence, but was forced to withdraw the proposed clause by a torrent of protest from southern slavemasters. True or False

True

The development of a plantation economy in Georgia was thwarted by an unhealthful climate, by early restrictions on black slavery, and by demoralizing Spanish attacks. True or False

True

The eight aristocratic proprietors who received the land grant to establish Carolina, hoped to grow foodstuffs to provision the sugar plantations in Barbados and to export non-English products like wine, silk, and olive oil. True or False

True

The end of the American Revolution ushered in some striking changes affecting social customs, political institutions, and ideas about government, society, and gender roles. True or False

True

The first use of germ warfare in North America took place when Pontiac's Rebellion was put down by the British through the use of smallpox transmitted via blankets. True or False

True

The fragility of southern families advanced the economic security of southern women, especially of women's property rights. Because southern men frequently died young, leaving widows with small children to support, the southern colonies generally allowed married women to retain separate title to their property and gave widows the right to inherit their husband's estates. True or False

True

The hamlet of Savannah, like Charleston, S.C., was a melting-pot community. True or False

True

The oppressed black slaves, of course, remained enchained in society's basement, and were at the bottom of the social ladder. True or False

True

The power of the preachers was not absolute. A congregation had the right to hire and fire its minister and to set his salary. Clergymen were also barred from holding formal political office. True or False

True

The rout of the Spanish Armada marked the beginning of the end of Spanish imperial dreams, though Spain's New World empire would not fully collapse for three more centuries. True or False

True

The soil and climate of New England eventually encouraged a diversified agriculture and industry. Black slavery, although attempted, could not exist profitably on small farms. True or False

True

The very liberal Rhode Island, founded by Williams, permitted manhood suffrage (but later embraced a property qualification,) a very high degree of religious freedom, and even provided tolerance for the much persecuted Quakers. True or False

True

The wide scattering of plantations and farms, often along stately rivers, retarded the growth of cities and made the establishment of churches and schools both difficult and expensive. True or False

True

Whigs feared the threat to liberty posed by the arbitrary power of the monarch. True or False

True

Why did some British colonies in North America eventually strike for their independence, while others did not? Part of the answer is to be found in the distinctive social, economic, and political structures of the thirteen Atlantic seaboard colonies—and in the halting, gradual appearance of a recognizably American way of life. True or False

True

With its many liberal features, Pennsylvania attracted a rich mix of ethnic groups. They included numerous religious misfits who were repelled by the harsh practices of neighboring colonies. This Quaker refuge boasted a surprisingly modern atmosphere in an unmodern age and to an unusual degree afforded economic opportunity, civil liberty, and religious freedom. True or False

True

Women had some spheres of autonomy. Midwifery— assisting with childbirths—was a virtual female monopoly, and midwives often fostered networks of women bonded by the common travails of motherhood. True or False

True

Yet in the interior, in the hills and valleys of the Appalachian Mountains, the powerful Cherokees, Creeks, and Iroquois remained. Stronger and more numerous than their coastal cousins, they managed for half a century more to contain British settlement to the coastal plain east of the mountains. True or False

True

One of the proprietors sold West New Jersey in 1674 to a group of Quakers, who set up a sanctuary there, even before Pennsylvania was launched. East New Jersey was also acquired in later years by the Quakers, whose wings were clipped in ________ when the crown combined the two Jerseys in a royal colony. a. 1702 b. 1710 c. 1715 d. 1720

a. 1702

North Carolinians developed a strong spirit of resistance to authority. Their location between aristocratic Virginia and aristocratic South Carolina caused the area to be dubbed "a vale of humility between two mountains of conceit." Following much friction with governors, North Carolina was officially separated from South Carolina in _________, and subsequently each segment became a ________ colony. a. 1712, royal b. 1720, propritary c. 1725, charter

a. 1712, royal

The Articles of Confederation was proposed in ___________, but not ratified until ___________ - just eight months before Yorktown. a. 1777, 1781 b. 1775, 1777

a. 1777, 1781

The Northwest Ordinance of 1787 provided that there would be _____________ evolutionary territorial stages. a. 2 b. 4 c. 5 d. 6

a. 2

Agriculture, especially corn growing, accounted for the size and sophistication of the Native American civilization in Mexico and South America. About __________ B.C hunter-gatherers in highland Mexico developed a wild grass int o the staple crop of corn. a. 5,000 b. 10,000 c. 15,000 d. 20,000

a. 5,000

In 1513, ________ discovered the Pacific ocean, claiming everything that it touched for Spain. In 1519, ________ began the first successful around the world voyage, though he did not survive same. a. Balboa, Megellan b. Cortes, Balboa c. Pizarro, de Onate d. Cabrillo, de Leon

a. Balboa, Megellan

Improving American morale was staggered later in 1780, when General _______________ turned traitor. He was upset that his valuable services were not fully appreciated. He plotted with the British to sell out the key stronghold of ______________. By the sheerest accident, the plot was detected in the nick of time. a. Benedict Arnold, West Point b. Aaron Burr, Albany

a. Benedict Arnold, West Point

It consisted of the two Massachusetts colonies (the Bay Colony and bantam-sized Plymouth) and the two ______________ colonies (New Haven and the scattered valley settlements.) Weak though it was, the confederation was the first notable milestone on the long and rocky road toward colonial unity. a. CT b. NH c. RI

a. CT

Britain sent _______ to explore the northeastern coast of North America in 1497 and 1498. a. Cabot b. Verrazano c. Cartier d. Vasquez

a. Cabot

European colonizers of the Americas had a much more difficult time subduing the _________ Native American civilizations than they did in the subduing the _________ Native American civilizations. a. Central and South American, North American b. North American, Central and South American

a. Central and South American, North American

The Maryland legislature passed the Act of Toleration in 1649. Maryland's new religious statute guaranteed toleration to all ________________. a. Christians b. Catholics only c. Jews d. Episcopalians

a. Christians

In 1776 came the publication of _________________, one of the most influential pamphlets ever written. Its author was the radical Thomas Paine, once an impoverished corset-maker's apprentice, who had come over from Britain a year earlier. His tract became a whirlwind best-seller and within a few months reached the astonishing total of ______________ copies. a. Common Sense, 120,000 b. The Rights of Man, 50,000 c. The Age of Reason, 75,000 d. The American Crisis, 90,000

a. Common Sense, 120,000

Restoration in 1660 brought Charles II to power, and an abandonment of benign neglect. As a slap at Massachusetts, Charles II gave rival ________________in 1662 a sea-to-sea charter grant, which legalized the squatter settlements. The very next year the outcasts in Rhode Island received a new charter, which gave kingly sanction to the most religiously tolerant government yet devised in America. a. Connecticut b. Maine

a. Connecticut

_________ rounded the southernmost tip of Africa in 1488. Ten years later _________ finally reached India and returned home with a small but tantalizing cargo of jewels and spices. a. Dias, da Gama b. da Gama, Dias

a. Dias, da Gama

During the twelve years that the Pilgrims (Separatists) were in Holland, they were increasingly distressed by the "_________________" of their children. They longed to find a haven where they could live and die as English men and women—and as purified Protestants. a. Dutchification b. Anglicanization

a. Dutchification

Spain, weakened by military overextension and distracted by its rebellious Dutch provinces, relaxed its grip on much of the Caribbean in the early 1600s. By the mid-seventeenth century, ______________ had secured its claim to several West Indian islands, including the large prize of Jamaica in 1655. a. England b. Portugal c. Russia d. Austria

a. England

The Dominion of New England was designed to provide defense against Native Americans, and, more importantly, it was designed to promote urgently needed efficiency in the administration of the __________________Laws. Those laws reflected the intensifying colonial rivalries of the seventeenth century. a. English Navigation b. Blue c. Corporation d. Copyright

a. English Navigation

Shortly before the Pilgrims had arrived at Plymouth in 1620, an epidemic, probably triggered by contact with _____________, had swept through the coastal tribes and killed more than three-quarters of the native people. a. English fishermen b. Dutch Patroons c. German farmers d. Irish laborers

a. English fishermen

In October 1775, on the eve of a cruel winter, the British burned ____________________. In that same autumn, the rebels daringly undertook a two pronged invasion of Canada. a. Falmouth (Plymouth), Maine b. Boston c. Hartford d. Philadelphia

a. Falmouth (Plymouth), Maine

The two pressure groups that emerged during the ratification of the federal Constitution were the _____________ supporting ratification and the ________________ opposing ratification. a. Federalists, Anti-Federalists b. Anti-Federalists, Federalists

a. Federalists, Anti-Federalists

In 1639, the settlers of the new Connecticut River colony drafted in open meeting a trailblazing document known as the _________________. It was in effect a modern constitution, which established a regime democratically controlled by the "substantial" citizens. a. Fundamental Orders b. General Court c. Bill of Rights d. Petition of Right

a. Fundamental Orders

The Chairman of the Convention was ______________________. a. George Washington b. Alexander Hamilton c. Roger Sherman d. Benjamin Franklin

a. George Washington

In Septmember, 1775, George III hired ___________________. a. German (Hessian) mercenary troops to help fight the Americans b. an array of emerging American scientists to build better guns

a. German (Hessian) mercenary troops to help fight the Americans

Seeking greater riches, the Dutch East India Company employed an English explorer, ________________. Disregarding orders to sail northeast, he ventured into Delaware Bay and New York Bay in 1609 and then ascended the Hudson River, hoping that at last he had chanced upon the coveted shortcut through the continent. But, as the event proved, he merely filed a Dutch claim to a magnificently wooded and watered area. a. Henry Hudson b. Lucas Henry

a. Henry Hudson

________ discovered the Mississippi River during his expedition of the Gulf area from 1539-1542. a. Hernando de Soto b. Ponce de Leon

a. Hernando de Soto

The ___________ in the northeastern woodlands, inspired by a legendary leader named Hiawatha, in the sixteenth century created perhaps the closest North American approximation to the great nation- states of Mexico and Peru. a. Iroquois b. Shoshone c. Miami d. Choctaw

a. Iroquois

The American envoys - John Jay, Benjamin Franklin, and _____________ had explicit instructions from Congress to make no separate peace and to consult with their French allies at all stages of the negotiations. a. John Adams b. John Quincy Adams c. Alexander Hamilton d. Henry Knox

a. John Adams

The U.S. navy was fledgling at best. ______________________ was the most famous of the American naval commanders. This tiny naval force never made a real dent in Britain's thunderous fleets. Its chief contribution was in destroying British merchant shipping and thus carrying the war into the waters around the British Isles. a. John Paul Jones b. Marquis de Lafayette c. Oliver Hazard Perry d. David Farragut

a. John Paul Jones

Virginia was saved from utter collapse at the start largely by the leadership and resourcefulness of an intrepid young adventurer, Captain ______________. He famously admonished the "gentlemen" settlers in 1608, by announcing "He who shall not work shall not eat." a. John Smith b. John Rolfe c. Peter Jefferson d. Robert Dinwiddie

a. John Smith

The southern colonies - _____________, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Georgia were characterized by broad-acred agriculture. Each of them were to some degree devoted to exporting commercial agricultural products. Profitable staple crops were the rule, notably tobacco and rice, though to a lesser extent in small-farm North Carolina. a. Maryland b. New Jersey

a. Maryland

New England settlements reflected efficiency, thrift, and orderliness. Puritanism likewise made for unity of purpose—and for concern about the moral health of the whole community. It was no accident that the nineteenth-century crusade for abolishing black slavery—with ____________________ agitators at the forefront—sprang in some degree from the New England conscience, with its Puritan roots. a. Massachusetts b. New Hampshire

a. Massachusetts

The Wampanoag chieftain ______________ signed a treaty with the Plymouth Pilgrims in 1621 and helped them celebrate the first Thanksgiving after the autumn harvests that same year. a. Massasoit b. Squanto c. Crazy Horse d. King Philip

a. Massasoit

About a thousand Virginians broke out of control in 1676, led by a twenty-nine-year-old planter, ________________. Many of the rebels were frontiersmen and former indentured servants who had been forced into the untamed backcountry in search of arable land. They fiercely resented Governor Berkeley's friendly policies toward the Indians, whose thriving fur trade the governor monopolized. a. Nathaniel Bacon b. Lord De La Warr c. John Smith d. John Rolfe

a. Nathaniel Bacon

The colonial section most interested in religion was _____________ . a. New England b. the South

a. New England

A path-breaking experiment in union was launched in 1643, when four colonies banded together to form the _____________________. Old England was then deeply involved in civil wars, and hence the colonists were thrown upon their own resources. The primary purpose of the confederation was defense against foes or potential foes, notably the Indians, the French, and the Dutch. a. New England Confederation b. Massachusetts Alliance c. New England Federal Block d. Northern Four

a. New England Confederation

The Swedes trespassed on Dutch preserves, from 1638 to 1655, by planting the anemic colony of _____________ on the Delaware River. a. New Sweden b. New Holland

a. New Sweden

John Jay, Alexander Hamilton, and James Madison co-authored the Federalist Papers - some of the finest writings ever produced on the federal form of government. The Federalist Papers were written during the ________________ debates over ratification. a. New York b. Rhode Island c. Georgia d. South Carolina

a. New York

The tax-supported Church of England became the dominant faith in the southern colonies, though weakest of all in nonconformist _____________. a. North Carolina b. Virginia c. South Carolina d. Georgia

a. North Carolina

The French and Indian War began over an effort to control ____________________. a. Ohio Valley b. Florida, Georgia region c. Hudson Bay region d. Middle colonies

a. Ohio Valley

Cattle, swine, and horses were introduced from the _______ to the ________ world in the Columbian Exchange. a. Old, New b. New, Old

a. Old, New

Orthodox clergymen, known as "_________ lights," were deeply skeptical of the emotionalism and the theatrical antics of the revivalists. "_______ light" ministers, on the other hand, defended the Awakening for its role in revitalizing American religion. Congregationalists and Presbyterians split over this issue, and many of the believers in religious conversion went over to the Baptists and other such sects. a. Old, New b. New, Old

a. Old, New

Smallpox, yellow fever, and malaria were diseases that were brought from the ______ to the _____ world. a. Old, New b. New, Old

a. Old, New

By 1750 Boston contained a large number of homeless poor, who were supported by public charity and compelled to wear a large red "_______" on their clothing. a. P b. D c. a d. T

a. P

The Scots-Irish led the armed march of the ________________ on Philadelphia in 1764, protesting the Quaker oligarchy's lenient policy toward the Indians, and a few years later spearheaded the ________________ movement in North Carolina, a small but nasty insurrection against eastern domination of the colony's affairs. a. Paxton Boys, Regulator b. Philly Boys, Percolator c. Scots-Lads, Activator d. Hill Billys, Agitator

a. Paxton Boys, Regulator

Incas in _________, Mayans in Central America, and _________ in Mexico shaped stunningly sophisticated civilizations. a. Peru, Aztecs b. Mexico, Shawnee c. Florida, Apache d. Texas, Seminole

a. Peru, Aztecs

General Howe, meanwhile, at a time when it seemed obvious that he should be starting up the Hudson River from New York to assist the bogged-down Burgoyne, deliberately embarked with the main British army for an attack on _________________, the rebel capital. a. Philadelphia b. New York c. Annapolis d. Boston

a. Philadelphia

The Roman Catholic mission became the central institution in colonial New Mexico until the missionaries' efforts to suppress native religious customs provoked an Indian uprising called ________ in 1680. It would take approximately ________ years before the Spanish regained control of New Mexico. a. Pope's Rebellion, 50 b. Pueblo Riots, 10

a. Pope's Rebellion, 50

In 1763, Britain issued the _______________________, forbidding the British settlers from entering the area between the Appalachian Mountains and the Mississippi River. a. Proclamation of 1763 b. Townshend Acts c. Writs of Assistance d. Sugar Act

a. Proclamation of 1763

In the 1530s Calvinism took hold in Europe as Henry VIII was breaking ties with the Catholic Church, and Britain was becoming Protestant as a by-product of the Reformation. The woolen districts were comprised of many ___________, who opposed Henry VIII's retention of several Catholic liturgies in the church that he now headed - the Church of England. a. Puritans b. Antinomianists

a. Puritans

Arnold was wounded in one leg. Scattered remnants under his command retreated up the St. Lawrence River. French-Canadian leaders, who had been generously treated by the British in the _______________of 1774, showed no real desire to welcome the plundering anti-Catholic invaders. a. Quebec Act b. Coercive Acts

a. Quebec Act

General __________________, formerly of the British army, pushed up the Lake Champlain route and captured Montreal. He was joined at Quebec by the bedraggled army of General ___________________, whose men had been reduced to eating dogs and shoe leather during their grueling march through the Maine woods. An assault on Quebec, launched on the last day of 1775, was defeated. a. Richard Montgomery, Benedict Arnold b. Benedict Arnold, Richard Montgomery

a. Richard Montgomery, Benedict Arnold

Glibert's half brother, ________________, organized an expedition that first landed in 1585 on North Carolina's _______________ Island, off the coast of Virginia—a vaguely defined region named in honor of Elizabeth, the "Virgin Queen." After several false starts, this hapless colony mysteriously vanished, swallowed up by the wilderness. a. Sir Walter Raleigh, Roanoke b. Sir Francis Drake, Hatteras c. John Rolfe, St, Barths d. John Smith, Antegua

a. Sir Walter Raleigh, Roanoke

England and France thus came to blows in 1778, and the Revolution rapidly widened into a global conflict. _________ entered the fray against Britain in 1779, as did Holland. Combined Spanish and French fleets outnumbered those of Britain, and on two occasions the British Isles seemed to be at the mercy of hostile warships. a. Spain b. China c. Japan d. Portugal

a. Spain

__________ became dominant exploring and colonizing power in the 1500s. In the service of God, as well as in search of gold and glory, conquistadores fanned out across the Caribbean and eventually onto the mainland of the American continents. a. Spain b. Portugal c. France d. England

a. Spain

Spain secured its claim to Columbus's discovery in the Treaty of Tordesillas (1494), dividing with Portugal the "heathen lands" of the New World. The lion's share went to _________, but ___________ received compensating territory in Africa and Asia, as well as title to lands that one day would be Brazil. a. Spain, Portugal b. Portugal, Spain

a. Spain, Portugal

The peace treaty of 1748 greatly upset New Englanders because Louisbourgh was given back to the French. Louisbourg is strategically important because if forms the mouth of ___________________. a. St. Lawrence River b. the Mermeshie River

a. St. Lawrence River

________ interceded between the First and Second Continental Congress. a. The Battle of Lexington and Concord b. The Battle of Trenton c. The Battle of Saratoga d. The Battle of Brandywine

a. The Battle of Lexington and Concord

Loyalists were derisively called "__________,'' after the dominant political factions in Britain, whereas Patriots were called "_________,'' after the opposition factions in Britain. a. Tories, Whigs b. Whigs, Tories

a. Tories, Whigs

The ____________________ received a charter from King James I of England for a settlement in the New World. The main attraction was the promise of gold, combined with a strong desire to find a passage through America to the Indies. Like most joint-stock companies of the day, the Virginia Company was intended to endure for only a few years, after which its stockholders hoped to liquidate it for a profit. a. Virginia Company of London b. London Ventures Compant c. London Company of Virginia d. Queensland Corporation

a. Virginia Company of London

When Charles I dismissed Parliament in 1629 and sanctioned the anti-Puritan persecutions of the reactionary Archbishop ______________, many Puritans saw catastrophe in the making. a. William Laud b. William Howe

a. William Laud

George Washington's role as commander in chief of the Continental Army was pivotal in the Revolution. A look at the historical record reveals Washington would ______________ battles than he won. a. actually lose more b. win

a. actually lose more

After several commercial companies failed in their efforts to run Quebec, the king took direct control of Quebec, establishing __________ in Quebec. a. an almost completely autocratic regime b. a very democratic government c. a system that favored legislative government d. a system that favored trial by jury

a. an almost completely autocratic regime

Hutchinson claimed that a holy life was no sure sign of salvation and that the truly saved need not bother to obey the law of either God or man. This assertion, known as _______________ (from the Greek, "against the law"), was high heresy. a. antinomianism b. antidefamation c. nomionics d. nominism

a. antinomianism

The currency issue that the colonies faced was caused by the fact that they generally ______ more from/to mother Britain than they ______ from/to mother Britain. a. bought, sold b. sold, bought

a. bought, sold

Consistent with British tradition, education in early New England was mostly for the ________________. a. boys b. girls

a. boys

Just as the land shaped New Englanders, so they shaped the land. Native Americans had left an early imprint on the New England earth. They traditionally beat trails through the woods as they migrated seasonally for hunting and fishing. They periodically __________ the woodlands to restore leafy first-growth forests that would sustain the deer population. a. burned b. flooded

a. burned

In 1662 a new formula for church membership, the Half-Way Covenant, was announced. This new arrangement modified the "covenant," or the agreement between the church and its adherents, to admit to baptism— but not "full communion"—the unconverted _______________ of existing members. a. children b. close associations

a. children

The Articles of Confederation was our first national _______________. a. constitution b. bill of rights c. magna carta d. petition of right

a. constitution

Gnawing doubts about their eternal fate plagued Calvinists. They constantly sought, in themselves and others, signs of "___________________," or the receipt of God's free gift of saving grace. Conversion was thought to be an intense, identifiable personal experience in which God revealed to the elect their heavenly destiny. a. conversion b. subversion c. diversion d. submersion

a. conversion

________ explored Florida, and ________ looked for fabled golden cities but instead discovered huge buffalo herds and the Grand Canyon. a. de Leon, Coronado d. Coronado, de Leon

a. de Leon, Coronado

The Powhatans had the terrible misfortune of falling victim to what Bailey and Kennedy refer to as the three Ds: disease, disorganization, and __________________. a. disposability b. durability c. duality d. demographics

a. disposability

France can best be described as ______________________ in settling in the New World.

a. early b. late (much like Britain)

France established ______ relations with the Hurons, and _______ relations with the Iroquois a. friendly, unfriendly b. unfriendly, friendly

a. friendly, unfriendly

The Great Awakening's emphasis on direct, emotive spirituality seriously undermined the older clergy, whose authority had derived from their education and erudition. The schisms it set off in many denominations greatly _____________ the numbers and the competitiveness of American churches. a. increased b. decreased

a. increased

Columbus' opening of the Atlantic World ultimately had the effect of _________ population in Europe in Africa. a. increasing b. decreasing c. neither - it had no effect on population

a. increasing

Settlers migrating to the Chesapeake usually came to America as ___________, whereas settlers migrating to New England usually came as ______________. a. individuals, families b. families, individuals

a. individuals, families

The Virginia Plan favored states with _______________ populations. a. large b. small

a. large

New Englanders had to exercise "Yankee ingenuity," thrift, and toughness to survive the climate and the rocky soil. The grudging land also left colonial New England __________ ethnically mixed than its southern neighbors in the middle colonies. a. less b. more

a. less

The Land Ordinance of 1785 provided a schema for land surveying that _________________________. a. made land easier to sell and purchase in the Old Northwest. b. made land more difficult to sell and purchase in the Old Northwest. c. had no impact on the sale and purchase of land in the Old Northwest. d. permitted only Christians to purchase land.

a. made land easier to sell and purchase in the Old Northwest.

By about 1720 the proportion of females in the Chesapeake slave population had begun to rise, making family life possible. The captive black population of the Chesapeake area soon began to grow not only through new imports but also through its own fertility— ___________________________. a. making it one of the few slave societies in history to perpetuate itself by its own natural reproduction b. which was typical of slave populations throughout the world

a. making it one of the few slave societies in history to perpetuate itself by its own natural reproduction

In the Massachusetts Bay colony, only ________________ could vote in provincial or colony-wide elections. Even with this restriction, a higher percentage of adult males could vote in Massachusetts than could vote in England. a. members of the church b. land owners

a. members of the church

The family remained at the center of New England life. Almost from the outset, New England's population grew from _____________________. The people were remarkably fertile, even if the soil was not. a. natural reproductive increase b. immigration from western Europe

a. natural reproductive increase

This picturesque Dutch colony took on a strongly aristocratic tinge and retained it for generations. Vast feudal estates fronting the Hudson River, known as __________________, were granted to promoters who agreed to settle fifty people on them. a. patroonships b. patronage farms c. spitooships d. bonanza farms

a. patroonships

When England's economy entered into a depression, more and more young males were left without work and without anchor. At the same time, laws of ____________________ decreed that only eldest sons were eligible to inherit landed estates. Landholders' ambitious younger sons, among them Gilbert, Raleigh, and Drake, were forced to seek their fortunes elsewhere. a. primogeniture b. replevin c. rendition d. fee tail

a. primogeniture

The Land Ordinance of 1785 provided that the Old Northwest would be surveyed in 6 mile by 6 mile blocks, with block #16 dedicated to _________________. a. public education b. the creation of churches c. municipal offices d. military installations

a. public education

Our text asserts that two important ideas had taken root in American thought in the minds of American colonists by the mid 18th century. They were _________ and radical Whigism. a. republicanism b. democratism c. civic reconsideration d. torism

a. republicanism

Epidemics were a constant nightmare. Especially dreaded was ____________, which afflicted one out of five persons, including the heavily pockmarked George Washington. A crude form of inoculation was introduced in ________. a. smallpox, 1721 b. chickenpox, 1750 c. mumps, 1741 d. shingles, 1750

a. smallpox, 1721

______________ was much more capital-intensive to grow than _______________. a. sugar cane, tobacco b. tobacco, sugar cane

a. sugar cane, tobacco

The Great Awakening took place in ___________________, and swept through the colonies. The Awakening was first ignited in Northampton, Massachusetts, by a tall, delicate, and intellectual pastor, Jonathan Edwards. a. the 1730's and 1740's b. 1750's c. 1720's d. 1740's only

a. the 1730's and 1740's

Premarital pregnancies were more common in _______________, and family stability was typically greater in ____________________. a. the Chesapeake, New England b. New England, the Chespeake

a. the Chesapeake, New England

The Constitutional Convention has been called a convention of compromises. The compromise that worked out the differences between the Virginia Plan and the New Jersey Plan was _____________________. a. the Great Compromise, or the Connecticut Compromise b. the Commerce and Slave Trade Compromise c. the Three Fifths Compromise d. the Crittendon Compromise

a. the Great Compromise, or the Connecticut Compromise

In 1758, the British had their most first major victory of the French and Indian War with _______________________. a. the capture of Louisbourg b. the capture of Montreal c. the capture of Quebec d. the capture of Toronto

a. the capture of Louisbourg

The delay in the ratification of the Articles of Confederation was caused mostly by ______________________. a. the initial refusal of several of the states to give up their western land claims. b. the issue of interstate commerce c. taxation d. the location of the national capital

a. the initial refusal of several of the states to give up their western land claims.

Drastic change came in the 1680s. Rising wages in England shrank the pool of penniless folk willing to gamble on a new life or an early death as indentured servants in America. At the same time, the large planters were growing increasingly fearful of the multitudes of potentially mutinous former servants in their midst. By _________________, for the first time, black slaves outnumbered white servants among the plantation colonies' new arrivals. a. the mid 1680's b. the mid 1690's c. 1700 d. 1720

a. the mid 1680's

By the end of the seventeenth century the white population of the Chesapeake was growing on the basis of its own birthrate. As the eighteenth century opened, Virginia, with some fifty-nine thousand people, was __________ populous colony. a. the most b. the second-most c. the third-most d. the fourth-most

a. the most

The main reason why slavery was not abolished - despite the fact that the democratic age was dawning in the wake of the Revolution - was that _____________________. a. to do so would have sacrificed national unity b. abolitionists did not exist at this time

a. to do so would have sacrificed national unity

Maryland was established as a feudal kind of settlement, with wealthy Catholic landowners at the center. But as it evolved, the wealthy Catholic landowners became surrounded by poor Protestants on small tracts, resulting in religious tensions. Most of the 17th century labor fueling the burgeoning tobacco fields in Maryland was supplied by _______________. a. white indentured servants b. slaves c. native americans d. irish immigrants

a. white indentured servants

When Captain Myles Standish and the Mayflower landed at Plymouth, they were ___________ the jurisdiction of Jamestown. a. within b. outside of

a. within

As reflected in Calvin's Institutes of the Christian Religion, Calvinism asserted that since the first moment of creation, some souls—the _____________ —had been destined for eternal bliss and others for eternal torment. Good works could not save those whom "predestination" had marked for the infernal fires. a. "selectees" b. "elect" c. "prees" d. "primadonas"

b. "elect"

Indentured servitude involved the landowner paying the way for the typically young male worker to come from Europe. In exchange for his transportation, and later his _____________ that would be owing to the indentured servant after completing what was typically a five to seven year indenture, the obligation was complete. a. "freedom ride" b. "freedom dues"

b. "freedom dues"

As the Ice Age ended and the glaciers melted, the sea level rose again, inundating the land bridge about _______ years ago. a. 5,000 b. 10,000 c. 15,000 d. 20,000

b. 10,000

The average age of a British colonist in 1775 was about ____________. a. 14 b. 16 c. 20 d. 30

b. 16

When England and Spain finally signed a treaty of peace in ________, the English people were poised to plunge headlong into the planting of their own colonial empire in the New World. a. 1600 b. 1604 c. 1610 d. 1614

b. 1604

As the 17th century dawned, Spain dominated most of the Americas from Florida and New Mexico southward. But North America remained largely unexplored. Three powers - Spain, France, and Britain established outposts in North America in the early 17th century - Britain at Jamestown (______,) France at Quebec (________,) and Spain at Santa Fe (________.) a. 1610, 1608, 1607 b. 1607, 1608, 1610

b. 1607, 1608, 1610

The first permanent French settlement in North America was Quebec, established in _____ by _______, who became known as the Father of New France. a. 1615, Robert La Salle b. 1608, Samuel de Champlain

b. 1608, Samuel de Champlain

A peace settlement ended this First Anglo-Powhatan War in ________, sealed by the marriage of Pocahontas to the colonist John Rolfe— the first known interracial union in Virginia. A fragile respite followed, which endured until 1622. a. 1610 b. 1614 c. 1618 d. 1620

b. 1614

New Hampshire sprang from the fishing and trading activities along its narrow coast. It was absorbed in 1641 by the grasping Bay Colony, under a strained interpretation of the Massachusetts charter. The king, annoyed by this display of greed, arbitrarily separated New Hampshire from Massachusetts in __________ and made it a royal colony. a. 1649 b. 1679 c. 1659 d. 1689

b. 1679

Georgia, the last of the thirteen British seaboard colonies, was established in __________ - the only one to be established directly by the Crown. It was intended to serve as a haven for debtors, and a buffer to Spanish Florida and French Louisiana. a. 1715 b. 1733 c. 1740 d. 1753

b. 1733

The British meanwhile had devised a plan to roll up the colonies, beginning with the South, where the Loyalists were numerous. The colony of Georgia was ruthlessly overrun in 1778-1779; Charleston, South Carolina, fell in _________. a. 1779 b. 1780 c. 1781 d. 1782

b. 1780

The Annapolis Convention, held in 1786, called to discuss problems of interstate commerce, produced a report drafted by __________________ of New York, calling for Congress to call a convention in 1787 to address interstate commerce and the problems with the Articles of Confederation. a. George Washington b. Alexander Hamilton c. James Madison d. George Mason

b. Alexander Hamilton

Indians along the Atlantic seaboard felt the most ferocious effects of European contact. Farther inland, native peoples had the advantages of time, space, and numbers as they sought to adapt to the European incursion. The ________________ in the Great Lakes area, for instance, became a substantial regional power. a. Yamasees b. Algonquians c. Chickasaws d. Mashatucketts

b. Algonquians

Approximately 12 presidents have been of Scots-Irish descent, including the founder of the Democratic party, __________________. a. James Madison b. Andrew Jackson c. James Monroe d. Martin Van Buren

b. Andrew Jackson

The turning point of the French and Indian War was the ________________ in 1759. Many historians have claimed that this battle was the most important in American history. A. Battle of Montreal b. Battle of Quebec c. Battle of Toronto d. Battle of Detroit

b. Battle of Quebec

The misdeeds of the Spanish in the New World obscured their substantial achievements and helped give birth to the "________________." This false concept held that the conquerers merely tortured and butchered the Indians, stole their gold, infected them will smallpox, and left little but misery behind. a. Spanish Myth b. Black Legend c. Encomienda Pretenda d. Latin Largess

b. Black Legend

Washington was keeping an eye on Howe in New York, and thus took his troops to the Philadelphia area. He was defeated in two pitched battles, at _________________ and Germantown. Pleasure-loving Howe then settled down comfortably in the lively capital, leaving Burgoyne to flounder through the wilds of upper New York. a. Scranton b. Brandywine Creek c. Harrisburg d. Allentown

b. Brandywine Creek

In June 1775 the colonists seized a hill, now known as Bunker Hill (actually _____________), from which they menaced the enemy in Boston. The British launched a costly frontal attack, and experienced what would become their largest casualties of the war, even though they finally chased the Americans off the hill. a. Maede's Hill b. Breed's Hill c. Clunker Hill d. Junker Hill

b. Breed's Hill

The Treaty of Paris of 1763 provided that Cuba would go to __________________. a. Spain b. Britain c. France d. Netherlands

b. Britain

A clutch of extended clans—such as the Fitzhughs, the Lees, and the Washingtons—possessed among them horizonless tracts of Virginia real estate, and together they dominated the House of _______________. Just before the Revolutionary War, 70 percent of the leaders of the Virginia legislature came from families established in Virginia before 1690—the famed "first families of Virginia," or "_______." Many also referred to them as Cavaliers. a. Lords, VIPs b. Burgesses, FFVs

b. Burgesses, FFVs

The West Indies increasingly depended on the North American mainland for foodstuffs and other basic supplies. And smaller English farmers, squeezed out by the greedy sugar barons, began to migrate to the newly founded southern mainland colonies. A group of displaced English settlers from Barbados arrived in _______________ in 1670. They brought with them a few African slaves, as well as the model of the Barbados slave code. a. Maryland b. Carolina c. Georgia d. Florida

b. Carolina

When European settlers arrived in the Americas, the most sophisticated and settled Native American cultures existed mostly in _____________. a. North America b. Central and South America c. North, Central, and South America spread evenly d. None of the above

b. Central and South America

In the summer of 1780, a powerful French army of six thousand regular troops, commanded by the __________________, arrived in Newport, Rhode Island. a. Marquis de Layfayette b. Comte de Rochambeau c. Citizen Genet d. John Paul Jones

b. Comte de Rochambeau

The immediate legislative response to the repeal of the Stamp Act was the __________, in which Britain provided a "reminder of who was boss" a. Sugar Act b. Declaratory Act c. Townshend Duties d. Tea Act

b. Declaratory Act

At the head of the new dominion stood autocratic Sir _______________, an able English military man, conscientious but tactless. Establishing headquarters in Puritanical Boston, he generated much hostility by his open affiliation with the despised Church of England. a. William Lauf b. Edmund Andros c. Lord De La Warr d. Edmund Burke

b. Edmund Andros

After the Protestant _____________ ascended to the English throne in 1558, Protestantism became dominant in England, and rivalry between Britain and Catholic Spain intensified. No longer would Spain be doing Britain's bidding in the game of international expansion. a. Victoria b. Elizabeth c. Anne d. Henry VI

b. Elizabeth

The Anglican Church in America became the Protestant _________________ and was __________________ everywhere. a. Baptist, established b. Episcopal, disestablished

b. Episcopal, disestablished

Saratoga would become the turning point, because ____________ formally obligated itself to support the U.S. cause in the Revolution. In doing so it seized an opportunity to deal a blow to its old foe Britain. a. Spain b. France c. Holland d. Russia

b. France

About 90 percent of all the gunpowder used by the Americans in the first two and a half years of the war came from__________arsenals. ____________ had secretly been providing the Americans with aid through a sham corporation. a. Spanish, Spain b. French, France c. Dutch, Holland d. Russian, Russia

b. French, France

In the wild Illinois country, the British were especially vulnerable to attack, for they held only scattered posts that they had captured from the French. _________________, conceived the idea of seizing these forts by surprise. In 1778-1779 he floated down the Ohio River with about 175 men and captured in quick succession the forts Kaskaskia, Cahokia, and Vincennes. a. William Clark b. George Rogers Clark c. Meriwether Lewis d. Lewis Tappan

b. George Rogers Clark

The establishment of the Dominion of New England was a marked departure from saluatary neglect, as England pursued strict enforcement of the Navigation Acts, shut down cherished town meetings, and revoked land titles, and imposed taxes. But in 1688-1689 the ______________ took place in England, which brought William and Mary to the thrown, and the Dominion of New England fell apart, as Andros fled. a. Restoration b. Glorious Revolution c. Triple Entenete d. Triple Alliance

b. Glorious Revolution

Native-born African-Americans contributed to the growth of a stable and distinctive slave culture, a mixture of African and American elements of speech, religion, and folkways. On the sea islands off South Carolina's coast, blacks evolved a unique language, ____________ . It blended English with several African languages. a. Gullash b. Gullah c. Abdullah

b. Gullah

The Albany Conference (1754) was motivated by a desire to address the French threat and to shore-up the British alliance with the ___________________. a. Hurons b. Iroquois c. Choctaw d. Wampanoags

b. Iroquois

Which of the following is not true concerning tobacco cultivation in Jamestown? a. It pushed settlement outward b. It reflected very sound ecological practices c. It was even grown on graves and walk areas d. It resulted in conflict with the Indians

b. It reflected very sound ecological practices

The Mayflower was supposed to land at __________________, but was blown off course and landed at ________________. a. Plymouth, Jamestown b. Jamestown, Plymouth

b. Jamestown, Plymouth

A celebrated legal case, in 1734-1735, involved __________________, a newspaper printer. His newspaper had assailed the corrupt royal governor of New York, and he was charged with seditious libel. The case established that truth was a defense to defamation, and thus stood as an important precedent for freedom of the press in the colonies. a. John Peterson b. John Peter Zenger c. Peter Hamil d. Thomas Jefferson

b. John Peter Zenger

Like so many of his talented artistic contemporaries, __________________ of Connecticut was forced to travel to London to pursue his training and career. Charles Willson Peale, best known for his portraits of George Washington, ran a museum, stuffed birds, and practiced dentistry. Gifted Benjamin West, John Singleton Copley succeeded in their ambition to become famous painters, but also had to go to England to complete their training. a. Oliver Wolcott b. John Trumbull c. Roger Sherman d. John Bailey

b. John Trumbull

The first of the battles for control of North America was _______. a. the War of Jenkins Ear b. King William's War and Queen Anne's War c. the French and Indian War d. the War of Austrian Succession

b. King William's War and Queen Anne's War

Warfare now intensified in the Carolinas, where Patriots bitterly fought their Loyalist neighbors. It was not uncommon for prisoners on both sides to be butchered in cold blood after they had thrown down their arms. The tide turned later in 1780 and early in 1781, when American riflemen wiped out a British detachment at __________________, South Carolina and then defeated a smaller force at Cowpens, South Carolina. a. Stone Mountain b. King's Mountain c. Lookout Mountain d. Stono River

b. King's Mountain

In 1634, Maryland—the second plantation colony but the fourth English colony to be planted—was founded by John Calvert, also known as ________________. As part of this venture he sought to create a haven for Catholics. a. Lord Cumberland b. Lord Baltimore c. Lord Chamberlain d. Lord Annapolis

b. Lord Baltimore

Eager to establish an asylum for his people, the much persecuted Quakers, _________________ hoped to experiment with liberal ideas in government and at the same time make a profit. Finally, in 1681, he managed to secure from the king an immense grant of fertile land, in consideration of a monetary debt owed to his deceased father. This grant became Pennsylvania. a. William Penn b. Lord De La Warr

b. Lord De La Warr

Which of the following is not true concerning the wake of the Revolution - a. Ordinary men and women demanded to be addressed as Mr. or Mrs. b. Lordly pretensions such as those of the Society of the Cincinnati were widely embraced by the American public. c. Social democracy was stimulated by the growth of trade organizations for artisans and laborers. d. Several states repealed primogeniture laws.

b. Lordly pretensions such as those of the Society of the Cincinnati were widely embraced by the American public.

_____________ Island was bought from the Indians (who did not actually "own" it) for virtually worthless trinkets—twenty-two thousand acres of what is now perhaps the most valuable real estate in the world for pennies per acre. a. Staten b. Manhattan c. Long d. Block

b. Manhattan

European appetites for quicker and cheaper access to the riches of Asia and he East were further enhanced when __________, an Italian adventurer, returned to Europe in 1295 and began telling tales of his nearly twenty-year sojourn in ________. a. Vasco da Gama, Indonesia b. Marco Polo, China c. Bartolomeu Dias, Japan d. Christopher Columbus, India

b. Marco Polo, China

In 1675 Massasoit's son, ______________, called King Philip by the English, forged such an alliance and mounted a series of coordinated assaults on English villages throughout New England. a. Metachief b. Metacom c. Megacom d. Messacom

b. Metacom

Prominent among the missionaries who went to Georgia to assist debtors and Indians was young John Wesley, who later returned to England and founded the _____________ Church. a. Baptist b. Methodist c. Unitarian d. Presbyterian

b. Methodist

In 1760, ________________ fell to the British. a. Quebec b. Montreal c. Toronto d. Detroit

b. Montreal

In the Carolina campaign of 1781, American General _______________ distinguished himself by his strategy of delay. Standing and then retreating he exhausted his foe, General Charles Cornwallis, in vain pursuit. By losing battles but winning campaigns, the "Fighting Quaker'' finally succeeded in clearing most of Georgia and South Carolina of British troops. a. Horatio Gates b. Nathanael Greene c. George Rogers Clark d. Thomas Montgomery

b. Nathanael Greene

In _________________, children typically received nurturing from their grandparents as well as their parents. a. the Chesapeake b. New England

b. New England

The middle colonial region had the greatest degree of religious and ethnic diversity. The colonial region that had the smallest degree of ethnic diversity was _____________________. a. the South b. New England

b. New England

Settlements in _______________ grew and expanded in a more orderly fashion than settlements in _________________. a. the Chesapeake, New England b. New England, the Chesapeake

b. New England, the Chesapeake

Tobacco, maize, beans, tomatoes, and the potato were introduced from the ________ to the ________ in the Columbian Exchange. a. Old, New b. New, Old

b. New, Old

__________________ states south of Pennsylvania abolished slavery at this time. a. Most of the b. None of the c. One third of the d. One fourth of the

b. None of the

In January 1776 the British set fire to the Virginia town of_______________. In March they were finally forced to evacuate Boston, taking with them the leading friends of the king. a. Roanoke b. Norfolk c. Charlottesville d. Danville

b. Norfolk

in July 1775, the Second Continental Congress adopted the "________________,'' professing American loyalty to the crown and begging the king to prevent further hostilities. But the King got this document at about the same time that he got the casualty reports from Bunker Hill. a. Continental Association b. Olive Branch Petition c. Philadelphia Manifesto d. Petition of Right

b. Olive Branch Petition

Harboring some Quakers, and closely associated with Penn's prosperous colony, Delaware was granted its own assembly in 1703. But until the American Revolution, it remained under the governor of ____________________. a. New York b. Pennsylvania c. New Jersey c. Connecticut

b. Pennsylvania

By 1775, the four "cities" in the British colonies, starting with the the most populated city, were ________________, New York, Boston, and Charleston. a. Richmond b. Philadelphia c. Annapolis d. Albany

b. Philadelphia

_______________, on the other hand, were poorly trained and not highly esteemed. a. Ministers b. Physicians

b. Physicians

Smith had been kidnapped in December 1607 and subjected to a mock execution by the Indian chieftain ______________, whose daughter Pocahontas had "saved" Smith by dramatically interposing her head between his and the war clubs of his captors. The symbolism of this ritual was apparently intended to impress Smith with Powhatan's power and with the Indians' desire for peaceful relations with the Virginians. a. Joseph b. Powhatan c. Joseph Brant d. Metacom

b. Powhatan

________________, Congregationalism, and rebellion became a neo-trinity. Many leading Anglican clergymen, aware of which side their tax-provided bread was buttered on, naturally supported their king. a. Mormonism b. Presbyterianism

b. Presbyterianism

_______ involves the notion that a just society requires and demands that citizens subordinate their personal interests to the common good. a. Torism b. Republicanism c. Loyalism d. Antinomianism

b. Republicanism

In 1698 the Royal African Company, first chartered in 1672, lost its crown-granted monopoly on carrying slaves to the colonies. Enterprising Americans, especially ______________, rushed to cash in on the lucrative slave trade, and the supply of slaves rose steeply. a. Vermonters b. Rhode Islanders c. Floridians d. Georgians

b. Rhode Islanders

In the Battle of Acoma in 1599, the Spanish severed one foot of each survivor. They proclaimed the area to be the province of New Mexico in 1609 and founded its capital at ________ the following year. (This became an important Spanish trading post) a. Los Alamos b. Santa Fe

b. Santa Fe

For a brief period, Pennsylvania seemed the promised land of amicable Indian-white relations. Some southern tribes even migrated to Pennsylvania, seeking the Quaker haven. But ironically, Quaker tolerance proved the undoing of Quaker Indian policy. As non-Quaker European immigrants flooded into the province, they undermined the Quakers' own benevolent policy toward the Indians. The feisty ___________ were particularly unpersuaded by Quaker idealism. a. Irish b. Scots-Irish c. Welsh c. Russians

b. Scots-Irish

_________________, taking place in 1786, provided stark evidence of the weakness of the national government under the Articles of Confederation. The national government's inability to respond with force to this crisis was an important factor in the later convening of the 1787 convention in Philadelphia. a. The Whiskey Rebellion b. Shay's Rebellion c. The Regulator Movement d. The Paxton Rebellion

b. Shay's Rebellion

"____________________________" was the title of one of his most famous sermons. He believed that hell was "paved with the skulls of unbaptized children." a. The Evil of Anne Hutchinson b. Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God c. Williams- The Original Sinner! d. It's All About the Saints

b. Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God

Two of the few successes of the national government under the Articles of Confederation were the Northwest Ordinance of 1787 and the Land Ordinance of 1785. The Northwest Ordinance provided a formula for the admission of states from the Old Northwest, and that __________________. a. slavery would be protected in the Old Northwest. b. Slavery would be banned north of the Ohio River in the Old Northwest. c. Indians would be be forced to immediately cede their lands to the national government. d. interest would be awarded to all existing Torie claims.

b. Slavery would be banned north of the Ohio River in the Old Northwest.

In no position to resist the English incursion, the local Wampanoag Indians at first befriended the settlers. Cultural accommodation was facilitated by ____________, a Wampanoag. a. Metacom b. Squanto c. Sitting Bull d. Chief Joseph

b. Squanto

The most hated of all of the British taxes was __________. a. Sugar Act b. Stamp Act c. Townshend Duties d. Tea Act

b. Stamp Act

As further hedge against the ever-threatening French, who had send an expedition under Robert de La Salle down the Mississippi River in the 1680s, the Spanish began around 1716 to establish settlements in __________. a. Ohio b. Texas c. Illinois d. Indiana

b. Texas

In 1755, British General Edward Braddock was killed during the failure of "Braddock's March." What important lesson did Washington learn from his service under Braddock? a. That upward mobility in the ranks was easy for Americans in British military service. b. That the British were vulnerable b/c European military tactics did not work well in North American terrain c. That the British military had a great deal of respect for colonial militiamen d. The British were very skilled guerrilla warriors

b. That the British were vulnerable b/c European military tactics did not work well in North American terrain

In 1636, _______________ established the valley settlement at Hartford. a. Thomas Paine b. Thomas Hooker c. Roger Williams d. Myles Standish

b. Thomas Hooker

Which of the following was not at the Constitutional Convention? a. Benjamin Franklin b. Thomas Jefferson c. Alexander Hamilton d. James Madison

b. Thomas Jefferson

Within the committee appointed to draft the Declaration of Independence, the task of writing that first draft fell to __________________. a. Roger Sherman b. Thomas Jefferson c. Robert Livingston d. John Adams e. Benjamin Franklin

b. Thomas Jefferson

The Church of England, whose members were commonly called Anglicans, became the official faith in Georgia, North and South Carolina, _____________, Maryland, and a part of New York. a. Pennsylvania b. Virginia c. Rhode Island d. North Carolina

b. Virginia

New Hampshire became the ninth state to ratify the Constitution. Article VII provided that nine states were required for ratification. But Congress delayed the implementation of the federal constitution until ________________ and __________________ ratified. a. Rhode Island, North Carolina b. Virginia, New York

b. Virginia, New York

Lord North's ministry collapsed in March 1782, temporarily ending the personal rule of George III. A _________ ministry, rather favorable to the Americans, replaced the Tory regime of Lord North. This window of opportunity was siezed by the American negotiators. a. Torie b. Whig

b. Whig

Half the people born in early Virginia and Maryland did not survive to celebrate their twentieth birthdays. Few of the remaining half lived to see their fiftieth—or even their fortieth, if they were _____________. a. Men b. Women

b. Women

The Articles of Confederation can best be described as ____________________. a. an effective manager of the commercial affairs of the nation. b. a loose alliance of friendship between 13 states. c. an effective manager of currency issues. d. providing a strong national judicial authority.

b. a loose alliance of friendship between 13 states.

In the year following the establishment of the first Committees of Correspondence ___________. a. they were terminated b. a permanent Committee of Correspondence was started in the House of Burgesses in Virginia c. the British government encouraged the creation of more of them d. the colonies quietly disapproved of Committees of Correspondence

b. a permanent Committee of Correspondence was started in the House of Burgesses in Virginia

The Americans declared independence _____________________. a. at the outset of military hostilities b. about 14 months after the outbreak of military hostilities.

b. about 14 months after the outbreak of military hostilities.

______________________ attended the Constitutional Convention of 1787. a. All states b. all states except rhode island c. only 5 of the states d. only 7 of the states

b. all states except rhode island

When Berkeley refused to retaliate for a series of savage Indian attacks on frontier settlements, Bacon and his followers took matters into their own hands. They viciously attacked the Indians, chased Berkeley from Jamestown, ________________________________. a. but spared Jamestown from violence or destruction b. and burned Jamestown

b. and burned Jamestown

John Winthrop, the first governor of the Massachusetts Bay colony, told his followers that "We shall be ________________," a beacon to humanity, declared Governor Winthrop. The Puritan bay colonists believed that they had a covenant with God, an agreement to build a holy society that would be a model for humankind. a. a completely new church b. as a city upon a hill

b. as a city upon a hill

As a result of the criticism lodged by Roger Williams, the Mass Bay colony _____________________. a. engaged in immediate and substantial reform b. banished Williams c. called a summit on relations with Indians d. invited Indians to participate in colonial gov

b. banished Williams

After American independence was won, Britain ______________________. a. embraced the U.S. as a trading partner. b. barred American ships from the British harbors and British West Indies harbors. c. granted the U.S. most favored nation trading status. d. engaged in a round of trade summits with the U.S.

b. barred American ships from the British harbors and British West Indies harbors.

Back in England the king had paid little attention to the American colonies during the early years of their planting. They were allowed, in effect, to become semiautonomous commonwealths. This era of "______________" was prolonged when the crown, struggling to retain its power, became enmeshed during the 1640s in civil wars with the parliamentarians. a. watch and wait b. benign neglect c. salutation destination d. smart government

b. benign neglect

All of the following were colonial responses to the Stamp Act except __________. a. the formation of the Sons of Liberty b. boycotts on enumerated goods c. blanket boycott on all British goods d. "quilting bees"

b. boycotts on enumerated goods idk if thats the right answer

In the mid 15th century, Portuguese mariners develop the _________, a ship that could sail more closely into the wind. a. canvas and silk sail b. caravel b. compass

b. caravel

New Englanders became experts in shipbuilding and commerce. They also ceaselessly exploited the self-perpetuating ______________ off the coast of Newfoundland—the fishy "gold mines of New England," which have yielded more wealth than all the treasure chests of the Aztecs. a. salmon and shrimp b. codfish lode

b. codfish lode

The federal constitution at the time that it was created can best be described as a victory for _____________ principles. a. liberal b. conservative

b. conservative

The fifty-five delegates who attended the Constitutional Convention were mostly ________________. a. liberal - the old Revolutionary hot-heads b. conservative - highly, educated educated, several who were lawyers

b. conservative - highly, educated educated, several who were lawyers

In response to the Intolerable Acts, the colonists _________. a. took their punishment without protest b. convened the First Continental Congress c. convened the Second Continental Congress d. burned Falmouth

b. convened the First Continental Congress

At her trial in 1638 for high heresy, Hutchinson was __________. Her claim was that if predestination existed, there was no point in obeying God's law or man's law. a. acquitted b. convicted, and banished from the colony c. received a verdict of "hung jury" d. convicted, and burned at the stake

b. convicted, and banished from the colony

West Indians thus take their place among the numerous children of the African ______________ — the vast scattering of African peoples throughout the New World in the three and a half centuries following Columbus's discovery. a. despues b. diaspora

b. diaspora

Bacon _______________, and the rebellion was suppressed, but class tensions remained. Lordly planters, surrounded by a still-seething sea of malcontents, anxiously looked about for less troublesome laborers to toil in the restless tobacco kingdom. Their eyes soon lit on Africa. The lesson that planters learned from Bacon's Rebellion was that it was better to purchase the more expensive slaves. a. signed a formal treaty b. died of disease during the rebellion

b. died of disease during the rebellion

British-American settlers mostly ______________ the Proclamation of 1763. a. obeyed b. disobeyed

b. disobeyed

In the early 17th century, English landlords were "______________" croplands for sheep grazing, forcing many small farmers into precarious tenancy or off the land altogether. It was no accident that the woolen districts of eastern and western England—where Puritanism had taken strong root—supplied many of the earliest immigrants to America. a. opening b. enclosing

b. enclosing

Spain used the Caribbean as a launch point and testing ground for settlement in mostly Central and South America. The most important technique that it developed in the Caribbean was the ________, which institution allowed the government to "commend", or give, Indians to certain colonists in return for the promise to try to Christianize them. In all but name, it was slavery. a. hacienda b. encomienda c. pueblo d. ciudad

b. encomienda

In the 17th century, African slaves were very _______________ . a. cheap b. expensive

b. expensive

In the immediate wake of the Revolution, the British _________________. a. evacuated their forts along the northern and western frontier b. failed to abandon fort that they held in the norther and western frontier

b. failed to abandon fort that they held in the norther and western frontier

As written documents, the state constitutions were intended to represent __________________ law. a. statutory b. fundamental c. secondary d. Native American

b. fundamental

In New England, women usually _____________ their property rights when they married. Yet in contrast to old England, the laws of New England made secure provision for the property rights of widows—and even extended important protections to women within marriage. a. retained b. gave up

b. gave up

Population in Catholic New France __________. a. grew rapidly b. grew at a listless pace c. doubled every twenty years d. kept pace with the rate of growth of British population in North America

b. grew at a listless pace

According to our text, the existence of a single original continent has been proved in part by ____________. a. rock formations b. identical species of freshwater fish found in the lakes of several continents c. volcanoes d. rain patterns

b. identical species of freshwater fish found in the lakes of several continents

When Columbus, sailing under the Spanish flag, "discovered" the Americas, he landed at Hispaniola and _____________. a. correctly believed that he had in fact discovered two new continents b. incorrectly believed that he had reached the rim of the Indies

b. incorrectly believed that he had reached the rim of the Indies

The flood of precious metal from the New World touched off a price revolution in Europe that ________ consumer costs by as much as 500% in the hundred years after the mid-sixteenth century. The new gold and silver also became the basis for Europe's modern commercial banking system. a. decreased b. increased

b. increased

Tobacco production grew in geometric terms in the Chesapeake. This enormous production depressed prices, but colonial Chesapeake tobacco growers responded to falling prices by _________________. We will see this dynamic repeated several times by farmers over the course of American history. a. cutting back on production b. increasing production

b. increasing production

About the middle of the seventeenth century, as more people settled further from the center of town and the church started to lose some of its grip on the people, a new form of sermon began to be heard from Puritan pulpits—the "_______________." Taking their cue from a doom-saying Old Testament prophet, earnest preachers scolded parishioners for their waning piety. a. moses b. jeremiad c. luke d. ezekiel

b. jeremiad

Beneath the planters on the social ladder were small farmers, the ___________ social group. They typically owned one or two slaves, but they lived a ragged, hand-to-mouth existence. Still lower on the social scale were the landless whites, most of them former indentured servants. Under them were current indentured servants serving out their indenture. Their numbers gradually diminished as black slaves increasingly replaced white indentured servants toward the end of the seventeenth century. a. smallest b. largest

b. largest

Most of the accused witches came from families associated with Salem's burgeoning __________ economy; their accusers came largely from subsistence farming families in Salem's hinterland. "Witch-hunting" passed into the American vocabulary as a metaphor for the often dangerously irrational urge to find a scapegoat for social resentments. a. subsistence b. market

b. market

It led to the founding of "new light" centers of higher learning such as Princeton, Brown, Rutgers, and Dartmouth. Perhaps most significant, the Great Awakening was the first spontaneous __________________ of the American people. a. protest march b. mass movement

b. mass movement

The intermixing of Spanish and Native American peoples created the distinctive culture of _________, people of mixed Indian and European heritage. To this day, Mexican civilization remains a unique blend of the Old World and the New World. a. hombres b. mestizos c. latinas d. mesomorphs

b. mestizos

North Carolina shares with tiny Rhode Island several distinctions. These two outposts were the _______ democratic, the most independent-minded, and the ________ aristocratic of the original thirteen English colonies. a. least, most b. most, least

b. most, least

The law profession in colonial society tended to be viewed with ________________. a. great reverence b. much disdain

b. much disdain

Not all Americans agreed with Paine's concept of republicanism. Some favored a republic ruled by a "____________ aristocracy" of talent. The contest to define the nature of American republicanism would noisily continue for the next hundred years. a. hereditary b. natural

b. natural

Most of the population spurt between 1700 and 1775 in the colonies was attributable to ___________________. The colonists were doubling their numbers every ____________ years. a. immigration, 35 b. natural reproduction, 25

b. natural reproduction, 25

In the Declaration, Jefferson invoked the rights of British citizens, and the _________________. a. the rights of Indians b. natural rights of man c. the rights of indentured servants d. the rights of only landowners

b. natural rights of man

In 1629 when the wave of mainstream Puritans were planning to migrate to Boston, they sought ________ separate from the Church of England. a. to b. not to

b. not to

The early Middle and New England colonies were settled ____________________. a. primarily as money making measures b. primarily for religious reasons

b. primarily for religious reasons.

Divorce was exceedingly _________, and the authorities commonly ordered separated couples to reunite. Outright abandonment was among the very few permissible grounds for divorce. Adultery was another. Convicted adulterers—especially if they were women— were whipped in public and forced forever after to wear the capital letter "A" cut out in cloth and sewed on their outer garment—the basis for Nathaniel Hawthorne's famous 1850 tale, ___________________. a. common, The Blithedale Romance b. rare, The Scarlet Letter

b. rare, The Scarlet Letter

In the wake of the Revolution, most states ______________ property-holding requirements for voting. a. eliminated b. reduced c. made no change to

b. reduced

After receiving the Olive Branch Petition, King George III _________________. a. accepted it, and extended peace feelers b. rejected it, and declared the colonies in to be in open rebellion c. tabled it, and asked for six months to consider it d. made renewed attempts to establish home rule

b. rejected it, and declared the colonies in to be in open rebellion

Common Sense called not simply for independence, but for the creation of a new kind of political society, a _____________, where power flowed from the people themselves, not from a corrupt and despotic monarch. According to Paine, all governmental power came from the people. a. junta b. republic c. plutocracy d. oligarchy

b. republic

In the Second Anglo-Powhatan War in 1644, the Indians made one last effort to dislodge the whites. They were again defeated. The peace treaty of 1646 repudiated any hope of assimilating the native peoples into Virginian society or of peacefully coexisting with them. Instead it effectively banished the Chesapeake Indians from their ancestral lands and formally separated Indian from white areas of settlement—the origins of the later _______________. a. assimilation system b. reservation system

b. reservation system

Manufacturing was of ______________ importance in the colonies. ___________________was perhaps the most important single manufacturing activity. a. primary, Textiles b. secondary, Lumbering

b. secondary, Lumbering

Many of the restless souls in "Rogues' Island," including Anne Hutchinson, had little in common with Roger Williams—except being unwelcome anywhere else. The Puritan clergy back in Boston sneered at Rhode Island as "that _________" in which the "Lord's debris" had collected and rotted. a. barnyard b. sewer c. nest of thieves c. Bohemian barnyard

b. sewer

The New Jersey Plan favored states with ___________________. a. large populations b. small populations

b. small populations

The terms of the Treaty of Paris of 1763 evicted France from mainland North America, while preserving French holdings in some sugar islands in the Caribbean, and granted France ___________________, which it was prohibited from militarizing. a. Nova Scotia b. some fishing islets in the Gulf of St. Lawrence c. Newfoundland d. Hudson Bay

b. some fishing islets in the Gulf of St. Lawrence

British policy changed for the better with William Pitt as Prime Minister, as he put less emphasis on the French West Caribbean and a. strategized a more diffuse attack on the northern tier b. strategized a more focused attack on the northern tier, with the plan of capturing the mouth of the St. Lawrence

b. strategized a more focused attack on the northern tier, with the plan of capturing the mouth of the St. Lawrence

During the territorial stages, the subject territory would be ___________________. a. autonomous b. subordinate to the federal gov

b. subordinate to the federal gov

What tobacco was to the Chesapeake, ______________ was to the Caribbean. a. potatoes b. sugar cane c. citrus d. corn

b. sugar cane

The most remarkable characteristic of the social ladder in the colonies was __________________. a. the lack of possibility of moving up or down the ladder. b. the ease with which a colonist could ascend it. c. that there were only two social classes in colonial America. d. indentured servants were on the bottom rung in the South.

b. the ease with which a colonist could ascend it.

The Three-Fifths Compromise provided that three-fifths of the slaves in each respective state would be counted to determine each state's respective "population" for purposes of determining a state's representation in ___________________. a. the senate b. the house c. both house and senate

b. the house

The new state constitutions drew their authority from _________________. a. a council of foreign gov b. the people c. mother Britain d. the Society of the Cincinnati

b. the people

The cultivation of maize, as well as of high-yielding strains of beans and squash, reached the southeastern Atlantic seaboard region of North America about A.D. 1000. These plants made possible "____________" farming. a. big-brother b. three-sister c. three's a charm d. little sister

b. three-sister

The disease-ravaged settlements of the Chesapeake grew only slowly in the seventeenth century, mostly _____________________________. a. through natural reproduction b. through fresh immigration from England

b. through fresh immigration from England

The British response to the Boston Tea Party was ________. a. to take no action against the colonies b. to pass the Intolerable Acts, also known as the Coercive Acts, to particularly punish Mass c. to re-adopt the Townshend duties d. to repeal the Tea Act

b. to pass the Intolerable Acts, also known as the Coercive Acts, to particularly punish Mass

A good example of "_______________" would be the shipping of rum to Africa, where the rum would be exchanged for slaves. Those slaves would then be shipped to the Caribbean, where they would be exchanged to for molasses. The molasses would then be shipped to New England. a. hexagonal trade b. triangular trade

b. triangular trade

Practically every colony utilized a ____________ legislative body. The upper house, or council, was normally appointed by the crown in the royal colonies and by the proprietor in the proprietary colonies. It was chosen by the voters in the self-governing colonies. The lower house, as the popular branch, was elected by the people—or rather by those who owned enough property to qualify as voters. a. one-house b. two-house c. three-house d. four-house

b. two-house

Tobacco growers in the Chesapeake can best be described as practicing ecologically ____________ soil management. a. sound b. unsound

b. unsound

The royal _______, though used relatively sparingly, was irksome to the colonists and ultimately would become on of the grievances that Jefferson mentioned in the Declaration of Independence. a. filibuster b. veto c. cloture d. gard

b. veto

Some colonial legislatures, notably South Carolina's in 1760, sensed the dangers present in a heavy concentration of resentful slaves and attempted to restrict or halt their importation. But the British authorities, seeking to preserve the supply of cheap labor for the colonies, especially the West Indies sugar plantations, repeatedly __________ all efforts to stem the transatlantic traffic in slaves. a. tabled b. vetoed

b. vetoed

In New England, after receiving a grant of land from the colonial legislature, the proprietors moved themselves and their families to the designated place and laid out their town. It usually consisted of a meetinghouse, which served as both the place of worship and the town hall, surrounded by houses. Also marked out was a ___________, where the militia could drill. a. separate facility called the indoor armory b. village green

b. village green

Most Americans considered citizen "______________" fundamental to any successful republican government. Because political power no longer rested with the central, all-powerful authority of the king, individuals in a republic needed to sacrifice their personal self-interest to the public good. a. filibuster b. virtue c. veto d. karma

b. virtue

Lord Dunmore's Ethiopian Regiment ______________________. a. was a group of mercenaries from Germany who fought on the British side. b. was a black fighting force who fought for the British. c. were freed black slaves from Georgia who fought with the Patriots. d. Ethiopian, white mercenary troops.

b. was a black fighting force who fought for the British.

At the First Continental Congress, the movement for "home rule" _________. a. was strongly supported by John Adams, and passed b. was opposed by John Adams, and was defeated

b. was opposed by John Adams, and was defeated

After the Constitution was approved by the Convention, it ___________________. a. immediately went into effect b. was required to be ratified before it went into effect

b. was required to be ratified before it went into effect

In all the colonial churches, the grip of religion on the people was generally _______________ in the early eighteenth century than it had been a century earlier, when the colonies were first planted. a. stronger b. weaker

b. weaker

The Americans, on their part, had to yield important concessions. Loyalists were not to be further persecuted, and Congress was to recommend to the state legislatures that confiscated Loyalist property be restored. Unhappily for future harmony, the assurances regarding both Loyalists and debts ___________ carried out in the manner hoped for by London. a. were b. were not

b. were not

Most of the slaves who reached North America came from the _________ coast of Africa, especially the area stretching from present-day Senegal to Angola. a. east b. west

b. west

In the late 15th century, Ferdinand of Aragon and Isabella of Castile were married, and the "infidel" Muslim Moors were expelled from the newly emerging nation-state of Spain. Ferdinand and Isabella looked _______ in their efforts to exploit the riches of Asia and the East. a. eastward b. westward

b. westward

As slavery spread, the gaps in the South's social structure _____________. The rough equality of poverty and disease of the early days was giving way to a defined hierarchy of wealth and status in the early eighteenth century. a. narrowed b. widened c. stayed the same

b. widened

In 1664, after the imperially ambitious Charles II had granted New Netherland to his brother, the Duke of York, a strong English squadron appeared off the decrepit defenses of New Amsterdam. A fuming Peter Stuyvesant, short of all munitions except courage, was forced to surrender__________________. New Amsterdam was thereupon renamed New York, in honor of the Duke of York. a. after a long and protracted battle b. without firing a shot

b. without firing a shot

Not long after the Half-Way Covenant was implemented, chruch membership became open to everyone. This widening of church membership gradually erased the distinction between the "elect" and other members of society. In effect, strict religious purity was sacrificed somewhat to the cause of wider religious participation. Interestingly, from about this time onward, ___________ were in the majority in the Puritan congregations. a. men b. women c. minorities

b. women

The deal made between the Federalists and the Anti-Federalists to induce the Anti-Federalists to support ratification was that the Federalists _________________. a. would support the addition of a bill of rights to the Constitution after it was ratified. b. would oppose the addition of a bill of rights to the Constitution after it was ratified.

b. would oppose the addition of a bill of rights to the Constitution after it was ratified.

When the glaciers finally retreated about ________ years ago, they left the North American landscape transformed, and much as we know it today. a. 1,000 b. 5,000 c. 10,000 d. 25,000

c. 10,000

One hungry man killed, salted, and ate his wife, for which misbehavior he was executed. Of the four hundred settlers who managed to make it to Virginia by 1609, only sixty survived the "starving time" winter of _____________. a. 1607-1608 b. 1608-1609 c. 1609-1610 d. 1612-1613

c. 1609-1610

Africans had been brought to Jamestown as early as ________, but as late as 1670 they numbered only about 2,000 in Virginia (out of a total population of some 35,000 persons) a. 1607 b. 1610 c. 1619 d. 1629

c. 1619

In ________ the first representative assembly was seated in the New World - the House of Burgesses. It was modeled after Parliament. a. 1607 b. 1610 c. 1619 d. 1630

c. 1619

New Jersey was started in _______, when two noble proprietors received the area from the Duke of York. a. 1650 b. 1654 c. 1664 d. 1684

c. 1664

Women also played a prominent role in one of New England's most frightening religious episodes. A group of adolescent girls in Salem, Massachusetts, claimed to have been bewitched by certain older women. A hysterical "witch hunt" ensued, leading to the legal lynching in __________ of twenty individuals, nineteen of whom were hanged and one of whom was pressed to death. Two dogs were also hanged. a. 1675 b. 1685 c. 1692 d. 1712

c. 1692

Not until _________ was the first medical school established in America. Bleeding was a favorite and frequently fatal remedy; when the physician was not available, a barber was often summoned. a. 1720 b. 1750 c. 1765 d. 1865

c. 1765

Ravenous for both labor and land, Chesapeake planters brought some 100,000 indentured servants to the region by 1700. These "white slaves" represented more than ______________ of all European immigrants to Virginia and Maryland in the seventeenth century. a. 1/4 b. 1/2 c. 3/4 d. 1/3

c. 3/4

Agriculture was the leading industry, involving about _____ percent of the people. Tobacco continued to be the staple crop in Maryland and Virginia, though wheat cultivation also spread through the Chesapeake, often on lands depleted by the overgrowth of tobacco. The fertile middle ("_______") colonies produced large quantities of grain. a. 50, fertile b. 60, indenture c. 90, bread d. 97, slave

c. 90, bread

Based on the chart on page 86 of your textbook, 19% of Americans in 1790 were _________________. a. English b. Scots-Irish c. Africa d. Dutch

c. Africa

New ______________—later New York City—was a company town. It was run by and for the Dutch company, in the interests of the stockholders. The investors had no enthusiasm for religious toleration, free speech, or democratic practices; and the governors appointed by the company as directorsgeneral were usually harsh and despotic. a. Hudson b. Hollland c. Amsterdam d. Albany

c. Amsterdam

The __________ built an elaborate pueblo of more than 600 interconnected rooms at Chaco Canyon in modern-day New Mexico. a. Mississipians b. Mound Builders c. Anasazis d. Iroquois

c. Anasazis

A sharp challenge to Puritan orthodoxy came from _________________. She was an exceptionally intelligent, strong-willed, and talkative woman, ultimately the mother of fourteen children. She would challenge the doctrine of predestination. a. Anne Winthrop b. Anne Mather c. Anne Hutchinson d. Anne Williams

c. Anne Hutchinson

In 1701 ________ established Detroit in an effort to stop English settlement into the Ohio Valley. In 1682, ______ explored the Mississippi River to the Gulf of Mexico. a. Robert La Salle, Antoine Cadillac b. Samuel de Champlain, John Cabot c. Antoine Cadillac, Robert La Salle d. none of the above

c. Antoine Cadillac, Robert La Salle

In 1780 Catherine the Great of Russia took the lead in organizing the ______________________, which she later sneeringly called the "Armed Nullity.'' It lined up almost all the remaining European neutrals in an attitude of passive hostility toward Britain. The war was now being fought not only in Europe and North America, but also in South America, the Caribbean, and Asia. a. Association b. Alliance for Progress c. Armed Neutrality d. Warsaw Alliance

c. Armed Neutrality

The Calvinist doctrine of predestination was challenged by the _____________, who preached that individual free will, not divine decree, determined a person's eternal fate. a. super-elect b. Darwinians c. Arminians d. invisible saints

c. Arminians

Loyalists, numbering perhaps 16 percent of the American people, remained true to their king. Families often split over the issue of independence: ________________ supported the Patriot side, whereas his handsome illegitimate son, William, (the last royal governor of New Jersey), upheld the Loyalist cause. a. Thomas Paine b. John Adams c. Benjamin Franklin d. George Washington

c. Benjamin Franklin

In later years Connecticut came to be dubbed "the _______ Law State." (It was so named for the ________ paper on which the repressive laws—also known as "sumptuary laws"—were printed.) (An example of such a law was the prohibition of kissing in public.) a. Green b. Red c. Blue d. Black

c. Blue

By the terms of the Treaty of Utrecht in 1713, _________ received the French-populated Acadia (reamed Nova Scotia) a. Spain b. France c. Britain d. Portugal

c. Britain

The first of the Navigation Acts passed by Parliament required that all commerce flowing to and from American ports had to be transported on colonial or ________ ships. a. Dutch b. French c. British d. Spanish

c. British

___________________ became the dominant theological credo not only of the New England Puritans but of other American settlers as well, including the Scottish Presbyterians, French Huguenots, and communicants of the Dutch Reformed Church. a. Lutheranism b. Antinomianism c. Calvinism d. Deism

c. Calvinism

________________ was established in 1670, during the Restoration period under Charles II. (English colonization had been put on hold during the tumultuous rule of Cromwell.) a. Georgia b. Maryland c. Carolina d. Florida

c. Carolina

The decimation and forced migration of native peoples sometimes scrambled them together in wholly new ways. The _____________ nation of the southern piedmont region, for example, was formed from splintered remnants of several different groups uprooted by the shock of the Europeans' arrival. a. Creek b. Cherokee c. Catawba d. Apache

c. Catawba

The Commerce and Slave Trade Compromise provided that Congress could not regulate U.S. participation in the international slave trade for a period of twenty years, and that Congress would have the all important power to regulate interstate commerce. It also provided that _____________________. a. Congress had the power to tax the exports of states c. Congress was prohibited the power to tax the exports of states

c. Congress was prohibited the power to tax the exports of states

In 1519, _________ is reported to have said ""We Spanish suffer from a strange disease of the heart." a. Pizarro b. Balboa c. Cortes

c. Cortes

Many Americans eyes were being opened by harsh British acts like the burning of ______________ and Norfolk, and especially by the hiring of the Hessians. a. Detroit b. Chattanooga c. Falmouth d. Farmington

c. Falmouth

In the first battle of the French and Indian War, ______________ commanded the Virginia militia as it attempted to vindicate Virginia land claims in the Ohio Valley. a. James Madison b. Thomas Jefferson c. George Washington d. George Mason e. Patrick Henry

c. George Washington

Perhaps the most important single action of the Second Continental Congress was to select _______________, one of its members already in officer's uniform, to head the hastily improvised army besieging Boston. a. Aaron Burr b. Ethan Allen c. George Washington d. Benedict Arnold

c. George Washington

In 1738 _______________ loosed a different style of evangelical preaching on America and touched off a conflagration of religious ardor that revolutionized the spiritual life of the colonies. He would become one of the charismatic of the open-field preachers of the Great Awakening. a. George Copperfield b. George Best c. George Whitefield d. Cotton Mather

c. George Whitefield

The readiness of the Scots-Irish to perpetrate violence on the Indians repeatedly inflamed the western districts. By the mid-eighteenth century, a chain of Scots-Irish settlements lay scattered along the "_________________," which hugged the eastern Appalachian foothills from Pennsylvania to Georgia. a. Chisholm Trail b. Underground Railroad c. Great Wagon Road d. Burma Road

c. Great Wagon Road

Prior to the decade of the 1680s, most of the labor that fueled the large tobacco plantations was supplied by __________________. a. African Slaves b. Indian Slaves c. Indentured Servants d. Cheap Irish immigrant labor

c. Indentured Servants

In 1624, ___________ revoked the charter of the bankrupt and beleaguered Virginia Company, thus making Virginia a royal colony directly under his control. a. Henry VIII b. Elizabeth I c. James I d. Charles I

c. James I

The "Father of the Constitution" was _________________. a. John Trumbull b. Governor Morris c. James Madison d. Roger Sherman

c. James Madison

A month before the Albany Congress was assembled, ingenious Benjamin Franklin published in his Pennsylvania Gazette the most famous cartoon of the colonial era. Showing the separate colonies as parts of a disjointed snake, it broadcast the slogan "_____________." a. Bite the Crown b. Snap To It c. Join, or Die d. Sons of Liberty

c. Join, or Die

On the frontier, the "bloody year'' of 1777 featured two nations of the Iroquois Confederacy, the Oneidas and the Tuscaroras, sided with the Americans, while the Senecas, Mohawks, Cayugas, and Onondagas joined the British. They were urged on by Mohawk chief _______________, a convert to Anglicanism who believed, not without reason, that a victorious Britain would restrain American expansion into the West. a. Little Turtle b. Handsome Lake c. Joseph Brant d. Tenskwatawa

c. Joseph Brant

The German immigrants belonged to several different Protestant sects—primarily ______________ —and thus further enhanced the religious diversity of the colony. They were known popularly but erroneously as the Pennsylvania Dutch (a corruption of the German word Deutsch, for "German.") a. Methodist b. Baptist c. Lutheran d. Presbyterian

c. Lutheran

In June 1778, with France now in the war, the British withdrew from the capital at Philadelphia. The withdrawing redcoats were attacked by General Washington at ______________, New Jersey. But the battle was indecisive, and the British escaped to New York. a. Marwah b. Monticello c. Monmouth d. Newark

c. Monmouth

In the early 1700s, tens of thousands of Scots-Irish left Ireland and came to America. Most of them emigrated to ____________________. a. Georgia b. Maryland c. Pennsylvania d. New York

c. Pennsylvania

Hostilities exploded in 1637 between the English settlers and the powerful ___________ tribe. Besieging a _____________ village on Connecticut's Mystic River, English militiamen and their Narragansett Indian allies set fire to the Indian wigwams and shot the fleeing survivors. The slaughter brought an end to the _____________ War. a. Nez Perce, Nez Perce, Nez Perce b. Wampanoag, Wampanoag, Wampanoag c. Pequot, Pequot, Pequot d. Algonquin, Algonquin, Algonquin

c. Pequot, Pequot, Pequot

Egalitarian sentiments unleashed by the Revolution challenged the institution of slavery. The world's first antislavery society was founded in 1775 by ____________________. a. New York Dutch b. Swedes from Delaware c. Philadelphia Quakers d. Catholics from Maryland

c. Philadelphia Quakers

Colonial literature, like art, was generally undistinguished, and for much the same reasons. A noteworthy exception was _____________, a slave girl brought to Boston at age eight and never formally educated. a. Harriett Tubman b. Phyllis Schlaffly c. Phillis Wheatley d. Sojourner Truth

c. Phillis Wheatley

King Philip's War ended in 1676. Metacom's wife and son were sold into slavery; he himself was captured, beheaded, and drawn and quartered. His head was carried on a pike back to ______________, where it was mounted on grisly display for years. a. Hartford b. Boston c. Plymouth d. New Haven

c. Plymouth

In 1588 Spain attempted an invasion of Britain. Britain responded with ships that were more maneuverable and more ably manned, while inflicting heavy damage on the cumbersome, overladen Spanish ships. Then a devastating storm arose (the "_________________"), scattering the crippled Spanish fleet. Thus the British fleet routed the Spanish Armada in 1588. a. Catholic gust b. Pope's payback c. Protestant wind d. Episcopal epiphany

c. Protestant wind

The influential Congregational Church, which had grown out of the Puritan Church, was formally established in all the New England colonies, except independent-minded ______________. a. New Hampshire b. Connecticut c. Rhode Island d. Massachusetts

c. Rhode Island

Another who challenged the Puritan order in the covenant community was _________________, who challenged the charter of the Mass Bay colony, challenged the connection between church and state at Mass Bay, and criticized the unfair manner in which the colony treated, and took land from, Indians. a. Cotton Matther b. James Cotton c. Roger Williams d. William Bradford

c. Roger Williams

Juan Rodriquez Cabrillo had explored the California coast for Spain in 1542 but he failed to find San Francisco Bay or anything else of much interest. In 1769 Spanish missionaries led by Father Junipero Serra founded at _________ the first of a chain of twenty-one missions. a. Los Angeles b. Sacremento c. San Diego d. Oakland

c. San Diego

Burgoyne meanwhile had begun to bog down north of Albany, while a host of American militiamen swarmed about him. The British were thus trapped. Meanwhile, the Americans had driven back St. Leger's force at Oriskany. Unable to advance or retreat, Burgoyne was forced to surrender his entire command at ______________ on October 17, 1777, to the American general Horatio Gates. This became the turning point of the American Revolutionary War. a. Seneca Falls b. Syracuse c. Saratoga d. Fort Ticonderoga

c. Saratoga

Early in the 1700s, tens of thousands of embittered ____________ finally abandoned Ireland and came to America, chiefly to tolerant and deep-soiled Pennsylvania. Finding the best acres already taken by Germans and Quakers, they pushed out onto the frontier. There many of them illegally but defiantly squatted on the unoccupied lands and quarreled with both Indian and white owners. a. Welsh b. Aborigines c. Scots-Irish d. Spanish

c. Scots-Irish

Appalled by this unholy fraternizing, a tiny group of dedicated Puritans, known as ________________, vowed to break away from the Chruch of England. They first went to Holland in 1608, and then went to North America in 1620. a. Lutherans b. Baptists c. Separatists d. Unitarians

c. Separatists

Newfoundland was the scene of the first English attempt at colonization. This effort collapsed when its promoter, __________________, lost his life at sea in 1583. a. John Cabot b. Sir Walter Raleigh c. Sir Humphrey Gilbert d. Giovanni Verrazzano

c. Sir Humphrey Gilbert

The three major competitors for domination of North America in the 18th century were France, Britain, and ___________. a. The Netherlands b. Sweden c. Spain d. Germany

c. Spain

Which of the following is not true concerning the Townshend duties? a. They were not very onerous b. They were a tax on glass, lead, paper, tea, and paint c. The colonists dd not object to them d. Part of their design was to keep the colonists used to paying taxes

c. The colonists dd not object to them

The role of women was enhanced through the Revolutionary experience, as an appreciation for 'republican motherhood" emerged. Which of the following was not true or consistent with the notion of "republican motherhood" at that time? a. Women occupied the very important role of providing the primary moral education to children. b. Educational opportunities for women grew because of this. c. The primary occupation for most women was no longer domestic activity. d. The success of "civic virtue" depended to a large extent on the contributions that mothers made raising their children.

c. The primary occupation for most women was no longer domestic activity.

In May 1775 a tiny American force under Ethan Allen and Benedict Arnold surprised and captured the British garrisons at ______________ and Crown Point, on the scenic lakes of upper New York. A priceless store of gunpowder and artillery for the siege of ____________ was thus secured. a. Brooklyn, Camden b. West Point, Philadelphia c. Ticonderoga, Boston d. Detroit, Quebec

c. Ticonderoga, Boston

The ________________ eventually became the Sixth Nation of the Iroquois Confederacy after being forced out of North Carolina. In another ferocious encounter four years later, the South Carolinians defeated and dispersed the Yamasee Indians. a. Creeks b. Cherokees c. Tuscaroras d. Chickasaws

c. Tuscaroras

The curriculum was still heavily loaded with theology and the "dead" languages, although by 1750 there was a distinct trend toward "live" languages and other modern subjects. A significant contribution was made by Benjamin Franklin, who played a major role in launching what became __________________, the first American college free from denominational control. a. Boston College b. Boston University c. University of Pennsylvania d. Yale

c. University of Pennsylvania

Washington then led his troops to winter quarters at ______________, a strong, hilly position some twenty miles northwest of Philadelphia. It was during this winter of 1777-1778 that his ragmuffin, freezing troops were whipped into a professional army by the recently arrived Prussian drillmaster, the profane but patient Baron von Steuben. a. Pittsburg b. Lancaster c. Valley Forge d. Wilkes barre

c. Valley Forge

In 1524 France sent _______ to explore the eastern seaboard of North America. a. Cabot b. Cartier c. Verrazano

c. Verrazano

In 1775, the most populous colonies were _________________, Massachuestts, Pennsylvania, _______________, and Maryland, in that order. a. New York, Virginia b. New York, New Jersey c. Virginia. North Carolina d. Virginia, New York

c. Virginia. North Carolina

When ________________ came to power in Britain in 1857, British war strategy changed, bringing about future success for the British. a. Lord Grenville b. Lord North c. William Pitt d. Charles Townshend

c. William Pitt

Which of the following was the most valuable resource to French settlers in North America? a. lumber b. naval stores c. beaver d. iron ore

c. beaver

The Association, passed by the First Continental Congress, was a(n) __________. a. tax on foreign imported goods b. boycott of specific British goods, but not all British goods c. boycott all of British goods d. olive branch extended to the British government

c. boycott all of British goods

De La Warr introduced "Irish tactics" against the Indians, which _____________. a. reflected deep and abiding love for the Indians b. were a series of cultural exchanges between the two groups c. characterized by violent and brutal tactics against the Indians d. a "cooling-off" periof

c. characterized by violent and brutal tactics against the Indians

Most honored of the professions was the ________________. a. legal profession b. medical profession c. christian ministry d. education profession

c. christian ministry

The greatest impact upon Native Americans from European contact was __________. a. cultural enrichment b. religious enrichment c. death from disease d. learning better agricultural techniques

c. death from disease

The French Catholic Jesuits played a particularly important role as ___________. a. Indian fighters b. shipbuilders c. explorers, geographers, and cartographers d. founders of many praying towns

c. explorers, geographers, and cartographers

Enormous numbers of African slaves were imported as labor for the sugar plantations in the West Indies — more than a quarter of a million in the five decades after 1640. By about 1700, black slaves outnumbered white settlers in the English West Indies by nearly __________ to one, and the region's population has remained predominantly black ever since. a. two b. three c. four d. five

c. four

New Netherland, in the beautiful Hudson River area, was planted in 1623-1624 on a permanent basis. Established by the Dutch West India Company for its quick-profit ____________, it was never more than a secondary interest of the founders. a. large scale manufacturing b. textile industry c. fur trade d. ship building industry

c. fur trade

In the South in the 18th century, the distance within the social hierarchy between the planter elite and the lower classes ___________________. a. remained the same b. became less c. grew wider d. was unaffected

c. grew wider

By the early 1600s, the __________________, forerunner of the modern corporation, was perfected. It enabled a considerable number of investors, called "adventurers," to pool their capital. This new legal invention helped to create the necessary pool of investment to properly support the funding of settlement in the New World. a. partnership b. takeover c. joint-stock company d. hedge-fund

c. joint-stock company

The new state constitutions placed most of the power in the _________________. a. judicial branch b. legislative branch c. executive branch d. the governor alone

c. legislative branch

Usually branded and bound, the captives were herded aboard sweltering ships for the gruesome "_______________," on which death rates ran as high as 20 percent. Terrified survivors were eventually shoved onto auction blocks in New World ports like Newport, Rhode Island, or Charleston, South Carolina, where a giant slave market traded in human misery for more than a century. a. northwest passage b. slave road c. middle passage d. chain passage

c. middle passage

We know that Jamestown, settled in 1607, was the first permanent British colony in North America. Which of the following best describes this early settlement? a. comfortable b. healthy living environment c. mosquito infested and inhospitable d. loaded with gold

c. mosquito infested and inhospitable

Blacks accounted for nearly __________ the population of Virginia by 1750. In South Carolina they outnumbered whites ______________. a. one quarter, five to one b. one third, four to one c. one half, two to one d. three quarters, three to one

c. one half, two to one

Through it many African words have passed into American speech—such as goober (peanut), gumbo (okra), and voodoo (witchcraft). The ______________, a West African religious dance performed by shuffling in a circle while answering a preacher's shouts, was brought to colonial America by slaves and eventually contributed to the development of jazz. a. ringwhistle b. bellshout c. ringshout d. shoutout

c. ringshout

Beginning in Virginia in 1662, statutes appeared that formally decreed the iron conditions of slavery for blacks. These earliest "____________" made blacks and their children the property (or "chattels") for life of their white masters. Some colonies made it a crime to teach a slave to read or write. Racial discrimination grew, thus supporting and attempting to justify the slave system. a. black laws b. black statues c. slave codes d. "colored" codes

c. slave codes

New Jamestown governor Lord De La Warr's leadership can best be described as _________________. De La Warr's policies ____________ tensions between the whites and the Indians. a. easygoing, moderately decreased b. very informal, decreased c. stern and militaristic, increased d. very pro-indian, totally eliminated

c. stern and militaristic, increased

In the South the power of the great planters continued to be bolstered by their disproportionate ownership of slaves. The riches created by the growing slave population in the eighteenth century were not distributed evenly among the whites. Wealth was concentrated in the hands of the largest slaveowners, widening the gap between the prosperous gentry and the "poor whites," who were more and more likely to become _____________. a. factory workers b. artisans c. tenant farmers d. mill workers

c. tenant farmers

A slave revolt erupted in New York City in 1712 that cost the lives of a dozen whites and caused the execution of twenty-one blacks, some of them burned at the stake over a slow fire. More than fifty resentful South Carolina blacks along ________________ exploded in revolt in 1739 and tried to march to Spanish Florida, only to be stopped by the local militia. a. the Tallahatchie River b. the Tennessee River c. the Stono River d. Lookout Mountain

c. the Stono River

Britain was awarded certain trading rights in Spanish America by the terms of the Treaty of Utrecht. Spanish authorities sensing that they were being cheated in trade led directly to ___________________. a. King William's and Queen Anne's War b. the French and Indian War c. the War of Jenkin's Ear d. the Plains of Abraham

c. the War of Jenkin's Ear

The great majority of immigrants were single men in their late teens and early twenties, and most perished soon after arrival. Surviving males competed for the affections of the extremely scarce women, whom they outnumbered nearly six to one in 1650 and still outnumbered by __________________ at the end of the century. a. five to one b. four to one c. three to two d. only by a very slight majority

c. three to two

When Congress called for the convention to take place, it expressly instructed the delegates _______________. a. to make a new constitution b. to ignore issues of commerce c. to revise the Articles of Confederation d. to create eleven presidents

c. to revise the Articles of Confederation

Thereafter the elect were expected to lead "sanctified" lives, demonstrating by their holy behavior that they were among the "_____________." a. invisible saints b. indivisible saints c. visible saints d. very high saints

c. visible saints

In 1770, the Boston massacre resulted in the prosecution of a few of the British soldiers involved. These soldiers _________. a. were convicted and executed b. were acquitted c. were convicted of an appropriate charge, and essentially provided a fair trial d. were not even brought to trial

c. were convicted of an appropriate charge, and essentially provided a fair trial

In New England, cleaner water and cooler temperatures retarded the spread of killer microbes. In stark contrast to the fate of Chesapeake immigrants, settlers in seventeenth-century New England added _______ years to their life spans by migrating from the Old World. a. 2 b. 4 c. 6 d. 10

d. 10

In colonial New England, a married woman could expect to experience up to _______ pregnancies and rear as many as eight surviving children. a. 4 b. 5 c. 7 d. 10

d. 10

In __________, the Plymouth colony merged with the Massachusetts Bay colony. a. 1631 b. 1641 c. 1651 d. 1691

d. 1691

With the conquest of the Yamasees, virtually all the coastal Indian tribes in the southern colonies had been utterly devastated by about ___________. a. 1650 b. 1770 c. 1710 d. 1720

d. 1720

The first Committees of Correspondence were started in _______, and were an effort to keep colonists in Massachusettes aware of what the British were doing, and of possible colonial responses thereto. a. 1770 b. 1771 c. 1772 d. 1773

d. 1773

By 1775, there were approximately _________________ people in the thirteen colonies, of whom about half were black. a. 3 million b. 1 million c. 4 million d. 2.5 million

d. 2.5 million

Some _______ years ago, the Ice Age congealed much of the world oceans into massive icepack glaciers, lowering the sea level of the sea. As the sea level dropped, it exposes a land bridge connecting Eurasia with North America in the are of the presentd-day Bering Sea between Siberia and Alaska. a. 5,000 b. 10,000 c. 15,000 d. 35,000

d. 35,000

Perhaps 10 million Africans were carried in chains to the New World in the three centuries or so following Columbus's landing. Only about ____________ of them ended up in North America, the great majority arriving after 1700. a. 5 million b. 2 million c. 1 million d. 400,000

d. 400,000

The surrender of Charleston, S.C. to the British involved the capture of__________ men and four hundred cannon and was a heavier loss to the Americans, in relation to existing strength, than that of Burgoyne was to the British. a. 1,000 b. 2,000 c. 3,500 d. 5,000

d. 5,000

Both Virginia and Maryland employed the "headright" system to encourage the importation of servant workers. Under its terms, whoever paid the passage of a laborer received the right to acquire _______ acres of land. a. 10 b. 20 c. 25 d. 50

d. 50

Towns of more than __________ families were required to provide elementary education, and a majority of the adults knew how to read and write. As early as 1636, just eight years after the colony's founding, the Massachusetts Puritans established ____________College, today the oldest corporation in America, to train local boys for the ministry. a. 20, Amherst b. 30, Williams c. 40, Boston d. 50, Harvard

d. 50, Harvard

By the time Europeans arrived in America in 1492, perhaps __________ people inhabited the two American continents. Over the centuries they split into countless tribes, evolved more than ___________ separate languages, and developed many diverse religions, cultures, and ways of life. a. 5 million, 5,000 b. 15 million, 4,000 c. 30 million, 3,000 d. 54 million, 2,000

d. 54 million, 2,000

The first generations of Puritan colonists enjoyed, on the average, a life span of about ________ years. a. 25 b. 35 c. 50 d. 70

d. 70

In the centuries after Columbus's landfall, as many as ______ percent of the Native Americans perished, a demographic catastrophe without parallel in human history. a. 10 b. 20 c. 50 d. 90

d. 90

The population of the 13 colonies was primarily Anglo-Saxon, but was perhaps the most mixed population of any region in the world. By far the largest single non-English group was ____________, accounting for nearly 20 percent of the colonial population in 1775 and heavily concentrated in the South. a. Welsh b. French c. German d. African

d. African

Which of the following was the earliest mountain range to form? a. Sierra Madres b. Rockies c. Sierra Nevadas d. Appalachians

d. Appalachians

The notorious ______________ slave code of 1661, adopted by the British, denied even the most fundamental rights to slaves and gave masters virtually complete control over their laborers, including the right to inflict vicious punishments for even slight infractions. a. Birmingham b. Bahamas c. Santo Domingo d. Barbados

d. Barbados

The incredibly talented and eclectic ________________, often called "the first civilized American," also shone as a literary light. Although his autobiography is now a classic, he was best known to his contemporaries for Poor Richard's Almanack, which he edited from 1732 to 1758. In this publication, he emphasized such homespun virtues as thrift, industry, morality, and common sense. a. Thomas Jefferson b. John Adams c. James Monroe d. Benjamin Franklin

d. Benjamin Franklin

A final and crushing blow fell on the Mass Bay Colony in 1684, when its charter was revoked by the London authorities. Massachusetts suffered further humiliation in 1686, when the ____________________ was created by royal authority. Unlike the homegrown New England Confederation, it was imposed from London. a. New London League b. New England Alliance c. Organization of New England States d. Dominion of New England

d. Dominion of New England

Brant and the British ravaged large areas of backcountry Pennsylvania and New York until checked by an American force in 1779. In 1784 the pro-British Iroquois were forced to sign the Treaty of ___________________, the first treaty between the United States and an Indian nation. Under its terms the Indians ceded most of their land. a. Lakota b. Greenville c. Fort Laramie d. Fort Stanwix

d. Fort Stanwix

Encouraged by Queen Elizabeth, English buccaneers now swarmed out upon the shipping lanes. They sought to promote the twin goals of Protestantism and plunder by seizing Spanish treasure ships and raiding Spanish settlements, even though England and Spain were technically at peace. The most famous of these semipiratical "sea dogs" was the courtly _______________. a. John Smith b. William Laud c. Sir Edmond Frances d. Francis Drake

d. Francis Drake

Which of the following was not true concerning mercantilism? a. A nation's power was determined by its wealth b. Nations sought to export more than they import c. Nations sought to have a positive balance of payments d. It created an equal partnership between mother country and her colonies in which each held the same amount of power

d. It created an equal partnership between mother country and her colonies in which each held the same amount of power

The man who contributed the most to what the Constitution became, who authored the Virginia Plan, and from whom we know the most about what happened at the Convention through his notes, was ______________________. a. Benjamin Franklin b. William Paterson c. Silas Dean d. James Madison

d. James Madison

At least at first, those establishing Georgia intended to keep slavery out of Georgia. The ablest of the founders was the dynamic soldier-statesman ___________________, who became keenly interested in prison reform. Debtors from England would be givevn a new start in Georgia. a. William Patterson b. Roger Williams c. William Penn d. James Oglethorpe

d. James Oglethorpe

_________________, the husband of Pocahontas, became father of the tobacco industry and an economic savior of the Virginia colony. By 1612 he had perfected methods of raising and curing tobacco, resulting in a tremendously popluar hybrid, commanding a huge market in Europe. a. Edmund Randolph b. Lord De La Warr c. John Smith d. John Rolfe

d. John Rolfe

In 1776 the Continental Congress asked the states to draft new constitutions. __________________ provided a notable innovation when it called a special convention to draft its constitution and then submitted the draft directly to the people for ratification. A. South Carolina b. North Carolina c. Rhode Island d. Massachusetts

d. Massachusetts

West Indian purchases of North American timber and foodstuffs provided the crucial cash for the colonists to continue to make their own purchases in Britain. But in 1733, bowing to pressure from influential British West Indian planters, Parliament passed the ______________, aimed at squelching North American trade with the French West Indies. a. Townshend Duties b. Tea Act c. Sugar Act d. Molasses Act

d. Molasses Act

________ defeated the Incas of Peru in 1532, giving Spain expansive dominion over expansive territory and huge silver deposits. a. de Soto b. de Onate c. Cortes d. Pizarro

d. Pizarro

Which of the following is not true concerning German settlement in Pennsylvania? a. Most of the new German settlement was in the backcountry of PA . b. They had no deep-rooted loyalty to the British crown c. They clung to their German customs and language. d. Religious persecution, war, and economic oppression had nothing to do with their emigration from Germany.

d. Religious persecution, war, and economic oppression had nothing to do with their emigration from Germany.

Which of the following is not true concerning the Connecticut Compromise? a. It called for a federal system. b. It called for three branches of government. c. Representation in the Senate would be equal, and representation in the House would be based on each state's respective population. d. Representation in both the Senate and the House would be based on each state's respective population.

d. Representation in both the Senate and the House would be based on each state's respective population

On June 7, 1776, _______________ of Virginia moved that "these United Colonies are, and of right ought to be, free and independent states. . . .'' After considerable debate, the motion was adopted nearly a month later, on July 2, 1776. a. Thomas Jefferson b. George Washington c. Edmond Randolph d. Richard Henry Lee

d. Richard Henry Lee

About 1000 A.D. ___________ mariners landed in present-day Newfoundland, but no strong nation-state, yearning to expand, supported these venturesome voyagers, and their settlements consequently were soon abandoned, and their discovery was forgotten, except in saga and song. a. Italian b. British c. Spanish d. Scandinavian

d. Scandinavian

Among the French Huguenots, Welsh, Dutch, Swedes, Jews, Irish, Swiss, and Scots Highlanders (as distinguished the Scots-Irish) in British colonial America, which group felt a significant loyalty to the British crown? a. Welsh b. Dutch c. Swedes d. Scots Highlanders

d. Scots Highlanders

In move to block French and British ambitions in North America, and to protect the sea-lanes to the Caribbean, the Spanish erected a fortress at __________, Florida. a. Miami b. Sarasota c. Tampa d. St. Augustine

d. St. Augustine

Most of the early American architecture was inherited from the Old world and modified for America. Even the lowly log cabin was apparently borrowed from _____________. The red-bricked Georgian style, so common in the pre-Revolutionary decades, was introduced about 1720 and is best exemplified by the beauty of now-restored Williamsburg, Virginia. a. Denmark b. Norway c. Holland d. Sweden

d. Sweden

As a member of the House of Burgesses, in 1786 ___________________ helped to establish a precedent in America for separation of church and states by shepherding the enactment of the Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom. a. George Mason b. George Washington c. James Madison d. Thomas Jefferson

d. Thomas Jefferson

Puritans ran their own churches, and democracy in Congregational Church government led logically to democracy in political government.The town meeting, observed ________________, was "the best school of political liberty the world ever saw." a. John Quincy Adams b. Patrick Henry c. John Adams d. Thomas Jefferson

d. Thomas Jefferson

Washington's selection as commander in cheif of the army was largely political. Americans in other sections, already jealous, were beginning to distrust the large New England army being collected around Boston. Prudence suggested a commander from ____________, the largest and most populous of the colonies. a. New York b. Georgia c. Deleware d. Virginia

d. Virginia

Which of the following took place in 1756 during the French and Indian War? a. Washington's defeat at Fort Necessity b. the "Plains of Abraham" battle c. Braddock's March d. a failed British invasion of Canada

d. a failed British invasion of Canada

The slaughtering of beaver on a large scale by the French and their Native American partners ________. a. had disastrous ecological implications b. went against many Indians' religious beliefs c. was evidence of the shattering effect that European contact had wreaked on traditional Indian life d. all of the above

d. all of the above

During the American Revolution, African Americans __________________. a. did not fight b. fought only on the British side c. fought only on the American side d. fought on both sides

d. fought on both sides

The biggest reason for the failure of the Articles of Confederation was ______________________. a. it failed to sufficiently incorporate the interests of the North. b. it failed to sufficiently incorporate the interests of the South. c. it failed to sufficiently incorporate the interests of the West. d. it created a national government that was too weak.

d. it created a national government that was too weak

Lashed by critics in England, the Puritans made some feeble efforts at converting the remaining Indians to Christianity, although Puritan missionary zeal never equaled that of the Catholic Spanish and French. A mere handful of Indians were gathered into Puritan "_______________" to make the acquaintance of the English God and to learn the ways of English culture. a. community workshops b. cultural conventions c. Bible Belts d. praying towns

d. praying towns

In _______________, slave life was especially severe. a. the north b. Maryland c. Virginia d. the deep South

d. the deep South

When the Second Continental Congress met, in May, 1775 after the Battle of Lexington and Concord had taken place in April, ____________ of the colonies were present (represented.) a. half b. two-thirds c. twelve d. thirteen

d. thirteen

In the wake of the Revolution, _________ controlled the mouth of the Mississippi at New Orleans. In 1784 it closed the Mississippi River to American commerce. a. Britain b. France c. Spain d. The Netherlands

idk

When a territory attained ______________ people Congress might admit the territory as a state. a. 10,000 b. 20,000 c. 40,000 d. 60,000

idk

Which of the following is not true concerning the aftermath of the French and Indian War? a. Many colonists felt slighted by the way Britain treated the colonists b. Britain began to abandon salutary neglect c. Most of the taxes that Britain imposed were direct taxes d. Britain began taxing policies in part to defray the costs incurred in the French and Indian War

idk answer

The major lobby that compelled Parliament to repeal the Stamp Act in 1766 was ___________. a. Sons of Liberty b. Daughters of Liberty c. Stamp Act Congress d. British merchants e. First Continental Congress

idk asnwer

Which of the following is not true concerning the New Jersey Plan? a. It called for three branches of government. b. It called for a unicameral legislature. c. It called for a federal system. d. It called for representation in congress to be on the basis of each state's respective population.

idk not a

Which of the following is not true concerning James Madison's Virginia Plan? a. It called for a federal system of government. b. It called for three branches of government. c. It called for a bicameral congress. d. Each state was to have equal representation in congress.

idk not c

Which of the following is not true concerning the Tea Act? a. It was passed in 1773 b. It have monopoly on the sale of colonial tea to the East India Tea Company c. It became a primary cause of the Boston Tea Party d. It created a significant increased in the tax burden imposed on the colonies

im thinking c but idk

Which of the following is not true concerning the Quebec Act? a. It extended the dominion of British Canada down to the Ohio River b. It angered many colonists, particularly New Englanders c. It was part of the Intolerable Acts d. It increased Catholic influence in the Ohio Valley

no idea