Unit 1 Intro to Psychology Practice Test

Janna has low self-esteem because she is often teased for being overweight. Appreciating the complexity of Janna's difficulties requires

a biopsychosocial approach.

Contemporary psychology is best defined as the science of

behavior and mental processes.

Which perspective most clearly focuses on how we learn observable responses?

behavioral

The view that psychology should be an objective science that studies observable human activity without reference to mental processes is known as

behaviorism.

Dr. Robinson conducts research on the relationship between brain chemistry and intellectual functioning. Which psychological specialty does Dr. Robinson's research best represent?

biological psychology

Dr. Caleigh conducts research on the relationship between adults' language skills and their capacity to solve mathematical problems. Dr. Caleigh is most likely a _________ psychologist.

cognitive

Clinical psychologists specialize in

providing therapy to troubled people

The specialist most likely to have a medical degree is a

psychiatrist

Mrs. Alfieri believes that her husband's angry outbursts against her result from his unconscious hatred of his own mother. Mrs. Alfieri is looking at her husband's behavior from a(n) ________ perspective.

psychodynamic

The distinctive feature of the psychodynamic perspective is its emphasis on

unconscious conflicts.

The American Psychological Association and British Psychological Society have developed ethical principles urging investigators to

explain the research to the participants after the study has been completed.

In its early years, psychology focused on the study of ________, but from the 1920s into the 1960s, American psychologists emphasized the study of ________.

mental life; observable behavior

The cognitive perspective in psychology focuses on how

people encode, process, store, and retrieve information.

An inert substance that may be administered instead of a drug to see if it produces any of the same effects as the drug is called a

placebo.

Who was the American philosopher who authored a textbook in 1890 for psychology?

James

Who was a student of William James and the first female president of the APA?

Mary Whiton Calkins

Which of the following is a statistical measure of both the direction and the strength of a relationship between two variables?

correlation coefficient

Suppose that people who watch a lot of violence on TV are also particularly likely to behave aggressively. This relationship would NOT necessarily indicate that watching violence influences aggressive behavior because

correlation does not prove causation.

In an effort to prevent participants in an experiment from trying to confirm the researchers' predictions, psychologists sometimes

deceive participants about the true purpose of an experiment.

The first major issue in debates over experimenting on animals centers around the

ethics of placing the well-being of humans above that of animals.

Professor Crisman believes that most women prefer tall and physically strong partners because this preference promoted the survival of our ancestors' genes. This viewpoint best illustrates the ________ perspective.

evolutionary

Dr. Lipka focuses on ways to improve employee job satisfaction and productivity. Dr. Lipka is most likely a(n) ________ psychologist.

industrial-organizational

Psychologists who carefully watch the behavior of chimpanzee societies in the jungle are using a research method known as

naturalistic observation

Prof. Lopez believes that severe depression results primarily from an imbalanced diet and abnormal brain chemistry. Prof. Lopez favors a _______ perspective on depression.

neuroscience

The various perspectives employed by psychologists

often complement one another

Psychologists study animals because

similar processes often underlie animal and human behavior

Dr. Wilson attributes the delinquent behaviors of many teens to the pressures associated with being members of street gangs. Her account best illustrates a(n) ________ perspective.

social cultural

Which perspective would focus on the extent to which different styles of parenting are encouraged among various ethnic groups?

social-cultural

Both the researchers and the participants in a memory study are ignorant about which participants have actually received a potentially memory-enhancing drug and which have received a placebo. This investigation involves the use of

the double-blind procedure

Which of the following methods is most helpful for revealing cause-effect relationships?

the experiment