Unit 1 Practice Problems

Choose the correct arrangement of items 1-5, ranking them from the highest to the lowest level of complexity.(1) organism(2) tissue(3) chemical or molecular(4) cellular(5) organ system 5, 3, 2, 4, 1 1, 5, 2, 4, 3 2, 4, 1, 5, 3 5, 4, 3, 2, 1 1, 2, 3, 4, 5

1, 5, 2, 4, 3

Which of the following is a non-membranous organelle? 1. centriole 2. Golgi apparatus 3. nucleus 4. mitochondria 5. All of the answers are correct.

1. centriole

The analysis of the smallest units of life is called ________. 1. cytology 2. physiology 3. embryology 4. morphology 5. histology

1. cytology

Which of the following is a passive process for material movement across a plasma membrane? 1. facilitated diffusion 2. active transport 3. receptor-mediated endocytosis 4. phagocytosis 5. exocytosis

1. facilitated diffusion

Channels in the plasma membrane that can open or close to regulate the passage of water, small ions, and water-soluble molecules are called ________ channels. 1. gated 2. solute 3. hydrophobic 4. diffusion 5. osmotic

1. gated

Dissolved ions and water-soluble compounds cannot cross the ________ portion of a plasma membrane. 1. lipid 2. carbohydrate 3. peripheral protein 4. integral protein 5. glycocalyx

1. lipid

The membrane of a cell is composed of a(n) ________ bilayer. 1. phospholipid 2. cytoskeleton 3. glycolipid 4. endoplasmic 5. steroid

1. phospholipid

The cytosol contains a high concentration of ________ ions, while the extracellular fluid usually contains a high concentration of ________ ions. 1. potassium; sodium 2. hydrogen; chloride 3. calcium; magnesium 4. magnesium; calcium 5. sodium; potassium

1. potassium; sodium

The protein-synthesizing organelles are the ________. 1. ribosomes 2. mitochondria 3. nucleus 4. Golgi apparatus 5. lysosomes

1. ribosomes

Because the plasma membrane restricts some substances and permits others through, it is referred to as being ________. 1. selectively permeable 2. structurally rigid 3. impermeable 4. freely permeable 5. both structurally rigid and selectively permeable

1. selectively permeable

A person lying down in the anatomical position is said to be ________ when lying face up. 1. supine 2. homeostatic 3. superficial 4. prone 5. ventral

1. supine

________ increase surface area to facilitate absorption of extracellular materials. 1.Centrioles 2. Microvilli 3. Mitochondria 4. Flagella 5. Cilia

2. Microvilli

Processes involved in the movement of substances across a membrane at the expense of ATP, via exchange pumps, are classified as ________. 1. osmosis 2. active transport 3. filtration 4. facilitated diffusion 5. diffusion

2. active transport

Which of the following directional reference pairs consists of anatomical equivalents when referring to the human body? 1. distal, medial 2. anterior, ventral 3. cephalic, posterior 4. cranial, caudal 5.proximal, lateral

2. anterior, ventral

Which of the following organs occupies the pleural cavity? 1. heart 2. lungs 3. thyroid gland 4. esophagus 5. trachea

2. lungs

Which of the following is the highest level of organization? 1. tissues 2. organs 3. cellular 4. organelles 5. chemical

2. organs

Which of the following statements accurately describes cytosol? 1. It is composed of the intracellular structures known as organelles. 2. It contains large amounts of carbohydrates. 3. It is the fluid content inside the cell. 4. The term encompasses all material inside the cell. 5. It contains much less protein than the extracellular fluid.

3. It is the fluid content inside the cell.

A/an ________ is a form of an anchoring junction that encircles a cell. 1. CAM 2. cytokeratin 3. adhesion belt 4. connexons 5. macula adherens

3. adhesion belt

Microtubules, thick filaments, intermediate filaments, and microfilaments are all part of the cell's ________. 1. Golgi apparatus 2. plasma membrane 3. cytoskeleton 4. centrosome 5. endoplasmic reticulum

3. cytoskeleton

Cells float in a watery medium called ________. 1. cellular fluid 2. cytoplasm 3. extracellular fluid 4. cytosol 5. None of the answers are correct.

3. extracellular fluid

The pericardial cavity contains which of the following? 1. brain 2. intestines 3. heart 4. liver 5. both the heart and the liver

3. heart

Which of the following is another name for cytosol? 1. gelatin 2. integral proteins 3. intracellular fluid 4. interstitial fluid 5. extracellular fluid

3. intracellular fluid

The ________ lines the body wall within the abdominopelvic peritoneal cavity. 1. visceral pleura 2. superficial fascia 3. parietal peritoneum 4. parietal pericardium 5. mesentery proper

3. parietal peritoneum

An active process for transporting extracellular fluid, such as water and small molecules, across a plasm membrane is ________. 1. osmosis 2. phagocytosis 3. pinocytosis 4. diffusion 5. None of the answers are correct.

3. pinocytosis

The two layers of a serous membrane are ________. 1. double sheets of peritoneum 2. pericardial and parietal 3. visceral and parietal 4. pleural and parietal 5. internal and external

3. visceral and parietal

In anatomical position, a person stands with the legs together and the feet flat on the floor. Additionally, the ________. 1.hands are facing laterally 2.hands are facing posteriorly 3.hands are at the sides, and the palms face anteriorly 4.hands are raised above the head 5.hands are hanging naturally at the person's sides

3.hands are at the sides, and the palms face anteriorly

Which of the following describes phospholipids in the plasma membrane? 1. The phospholipid heads are hydrophobic. 2. The phospholipid heads are on the inside. 3. The phospholipid tails are at the surface. 4. The phospholipid tails are hydrophobic. 5. The phospholipid tails are hydrophilic.

4. The phospholipid tails are hydrophobic.

A frontal (coronal) section is in a plane that ________. 1. divides the body into left and right sections 2. divides the body along the midline 3. divides the body into superior and inferior sections 4. divides the body into anterior and posterior sections 5. divides the body into frontal sections

4. divides the body into anterior and posterior sections

The branch of science that studies groups of specialized cells and how they work together is called ________. 1. physiology 2. anatomy 3. cytology 4. histology 5. None of the answers are correct.

4. histology

"Little organs" inside a cell that have specialized functions are called ________. 1. intracellular fluids 2. microfilaments 3. glycocalyx 4. organelles 5. microvillus

4. organelles

What is the term for the movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane from a low solute concentration to a high solute concentration? 1. filtration 2. facilitated diffusion 3. active transport 4. osmosis 5. None of the answers are correct.

4. osmosis

The extracellular fluid contains high concentration of ________. 1. amino acids 2. potassium ions 3. lipids 4. sodium ions 5. dissolved and suspended proteins

4. sodium ions

The thoracic cavity is separated from the abdominopelvic cavity by ________. 1. the liver 2. a sheet of connective tissue 3. the inferior border of the rib cage 4. the diaphragm 5. None of the answers are correct.

4. the diaphragm

A ________ section is produced if the body is separated into superior and inferior portions. 1. medial 2. frontal 3. parasagittal 4. transverse 5. coronal

4. transverse

The serous membrane that covers the outer surface of a lung is called the ________. 1. parietal pericardium 2. visceral peritoneum 3. parietal mesentery 4. visceral pleura 5. None of the answers are correct.

4. visceral pleura

In osmosis, the substance(s) moved across a selectively permeable membrane is/are ________. 1. gases, small inorganic ions and molecules 2. extracellular fluid and its associated solutes 3. fluid and cellular wastes 4. water 5. glucose and amino acids

4. water

In the prone position, ________. 1. the head is turned to the left, and the eyes are closed 2. the body is lying in anatomical position face up 3. the body is situated facing posteriorly and the eyes are open. 4.the body is lying in anatomical position face down 5. the body faces posteriorly

4.the body is lying in anatomical position face down

________ are organelles that contain an unusual double-layered membrane, and functions in producing most of the ATP in the body. 1. Lysosomes 2. Endoplasmic reticulum 3. Microvilli 4. Ribosomes 5. Mitochondria

5. Mitochondria

At structures called ________, two cells are held together by membrane proteins that function as a narrow passageway, allowing ions, small metabolites, and regulatory molecules to pass from cell to cell. 1. focal adhesions 2. zonula adherens 3. anchoring junctions 4. CAMs 5. cell junctions

5. cell junctions

A passive process that involves movement of substances from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration is called ________. 1. pinocytosis 2. phagocytosis 3. exocytosis 4. osmosis 5. diffusion

5. diffusion

A ________ moves a cell through the surrounding fluid, rather than moving the fluid past a stationary cell. 1. neurofilament 2. thick filament 3. centriole 4. cilium 5. flagellum

5. flagellum

Peripheral proteins are attached to the surface of the plasma membrane, while ________ are embedded within the membrane. 1. lysosomal proteins 2. transport vesicles 3. histone proteins 4. peroxisomal proteins 5. integral proteins

5. integral proteins

Which cellular operation occurs in the smooth endoplasmic reticulum? 1. synthesis of ribosomes via nucleoli 2. DNA replication leading to cell division 3. synthesis of RNA 4. regulation of protein synthesis 5. synthesis of carbohydrates and lipids

5. synthesis of carbohydrates and lipids