Unit 10

Computer Field

A calculation that a DBMS performs, similar to the way a spreadsheet computes a formula.

OLAP (Online Analytical Processing)

A data analysis technique used by decision makers to quickly get answers to complex queries that encompass multiple factors, such as locations, revenue, time periods, and employee status.

Primary Key

A field that contains data unique to a record.

Hadoop

A file system developed in 2005 that handles millions of files distributed across multiple server nodes.

Record Occurrence

A record that contains data.

Table

A sequence of records, similar to a flat file.

Report Generator

A software tool for specifying the content and format for a database report.

Field Validation Rule

A specification that the database designer sets up to filter data entered into a particular field.

Field Format

A template that adds the correct formatting as data is entered.

Data Dependence

A term that refers to data and program modules being so tightly interrelated hat they become difficult to modify.

INSERT

Adds data to the table.

Scale Out

Adds more devices to a system, typically by adding nodes on a LAN or in an internet cloud.

Scale Up

Adds resources to a single device.

Schema-less databases

Allows data structures such as fields to be added, modified, or distributed while the database is operational.

XML (eXtensible Markup Language)

Allows field tags, data, and tables to be incorporated into a document.

Hierarchical Data

Allows one-to-one and one-to-many relationships, which are linked in a hierarchical structure.

Relationship

An association between data that's stored in different record types.

Multi-Level Sort

Arranges information by more than one field.

3rd Platform

Based on could computing, mobile devices, social networking, and big data.

Data Warehouse

Can be a repository for data from more than one database.

SQL Query

Can operate directly on the database to carry out your instructions.

Global Update

Changes the data in more than one record at a time.

Flat File

Consists of a single, two-dimensional table of data elements.

Database Index

Contains a list of keys, and each key provides a pointer to the record that contains the rest of the fields related to that key.

Fixed-length field

Contains a predetermined number of characteristics (bytes).

Report Template

Contains the outline or general specifications for a report, including such elements as the report title, fields to include, fields to subtotal or total, and report format specifications.

Field

Contains the smallest unit of meaningful information, so you might call it the basic building block for a structured file or database.

Joining Tables

Creating a relationship between tables.

Field Name

Describes the fields contents.

Parameters

Detailed specifications for a command.

Shard

Each subset of data

MapReduce

Efficiently accesses the dataset.

Dynamic Scaling

Ensures acceptable database throughput by scaling out as necessary to handle peak loads.

Serializability

Ensures that transactions are updated in an orderly manner by establishing update rules.

Data Independence

Entails separating data from the programs that manipulate data.

Unstructured File

Every document has a unique structure and contains different kinds of data.

Variable-length field

Expands to fit the data you enter, up to some maximum number of characteristics.

SQL Injection

Exploits that use malicious SQL statements to gain unauthorized access to a database.

Boolean Operators

Form complex queries.

Normalization

Helps database designers create a database structure that minimizes storage space and increases processing efficiency.

Data Archive

Instead of deleting old data, you can move it here.

Graph Database

Offers an alternative way to track relationships.

Query Language

One of their main capabilities is to request data from a database, such as when a customer searches amazon.com for a specific product.

Multidimensional Database

Organizes relationships over three or more dimensions.

CREAT

Produces a new table in the database.

Executive Dashboard

Provided by software such a iDashboards, which includes tools for visually displaying query results.

Predictive Analytics

Refers to a branch of data mining that analyzes current and historical data to predict future trends.

Record

Refers to a collection of data fields.

Data Mining

Refers to computer algorithms that analyze information to discover previously unknown and potentially useful information, including relationships and patterns.

DBMS (Database Management System)

Refers to software that manages data stored in a database.

Database Structure

Refers to the arrangement of fields, tables, and relationships in a database.

Big Data

Refers to the huge collections of data that are difficult to process, analyze, and manage using conventional database tools.

Cardinality

Refers to the number of associations that can exist between two record types.

DELETE

Removes a record from a table.

Schema

Simply the blueprint for its structure.

Data Type

Specifies the way data is represented on physical storage media and in RAM.

Object Database

Stores data as objects, which can be grouped into classes and defined by attributes and methods.

Relational Database

Stores data in a collection of related tables.

Column-oriented data model

Stores data in columns, rather than in rows, so it works well in situations where the focus is on analysis of chunks of data, rather than delving into individual records.

Document-Oriented Database

Stores unstructured data, such as the text of a speech or a magazine article.

SQL Keywords

The SQL query language that provides a collection of special command words.

Data Redundancy

The amount of data that is duplicated in a database.

Sort Key

The column of data that is used as the basis for rearranging the data.

Physical Sort Order

The order in which records are arranged on storage devices.

Entity-Relationship Diagram

The relationship between record types can be depicted graphically with this.

Key-value data model

The simplest structure for storing data in a NoSQL database.

Record Type

The template for a record.

Database Model

The underlying structure of a database.

Case-Sensitive Database

Uppercase letters are not equivalent to their lowercase counterparts.

Database Client Software

Use this to access the information in a database. There are three types: local software, browsers, and apps.

Analytical Database

Used to collect data that will be used for spotting trends that offer insights for tactical and strategic business decisions.

Operational Database

Used to collect, modify, and maintain data on a daily basis.

NoSQL

Used to refer to a group of technologies for managing databases hat do not adhere to the relational model and standard SQL query language.

Structure File

Uses a uniform format to store data for each person or thing in the file.

Single-Level Sort

Uses only one field to arrange records.

Lookup Routine

Validates an entry by checking data un an un-house or third-party database.

SQL (Structured Query Language)

Work behind the scenes as an intermediary between the database client software provided to users and the database itself.