Unit 11 Psychology

2. Explain three reasons why more intelligent people might live longer. (3 points)

A reason why more intelligent people might live longer is that intelligence facilitates more education, better jobs, and a healthier environment. Intelligence also encourages healthier living. This includes less, or no, smoking, a better diet, and more excercise, all promoting longevity. People with higher intelligence are able to adapt to their surroundings fostering longevity.

2. Name and describe Robert Sternberg's three intelligences. (3 points)

One of Sternberg's three intelligences is analytical intelligence, which is assesed by intelligence tests that have a single right answer. Another one of Sternberg's intelligences is creative intelligence, which is demonstrated in react to novel situations and generating novel ideas. The final intelligence described by Sternberg is practical intelligence, which is necessary for everyday tasks that have multiple solutions.

2. Explain whether each of the following comparisons indicates a greater influence of genetics on intelligence or a greater influence of environment on intelligence. • The correlation of intelligence test scores for identical twins raised together is about +.85. For identical twins raised apart, the correlation is about +.72. • The correlation of intelligence scores for identical twins raised together is about +.85. For fraternal twins raised together, it is about +.60. (2 points)

The first comparison indicates the influence of environment. There are identical twins in both cases, suggesting that the higher correlation for identical twins raised together must be due to environment. The second comparison indicates the influence of genetics. Because the twins in both cases are raised in the same environment, the higher correlation for identical twins must be due to the fact that there is more genetic similarity between identical twins than between fraternal twins.

3. Who conducted a famous study of high IQ children? a. Lewis Terman b. David Wechsler c. Robert Sternberg d. Howard Gardner e. Alfred Binet

a. Lewis Terman

2. Which of the following provides the best evidence that race is more of a social construct than a biological category? a. People of varying ancestry may categorize themselves in the same race. b. The races arose in different continents. c. Behavior traits (like running speed) are associated with race. d. Skin cancer rates vary by race. e. The incidence of high blood pressure varies by race.

a. People of varying ancestry may categorize themselves in the same race.

1. A test-developer defines uniform testing procedures and meaningful scores by comparison with the performance of a pretested group. Which of the following best describes this process? a. Reliability testing b. Validation c. Content validation d. Standardization e. Predictive validity

a. Reliability testing

3. Of the following, which term best describes the condition in which a person with limited mental ability excels at a specific skill such as computation? a. Savant syndrome b. g factor c. Creative intelligence d. Emotional intelligence e. Street smarts

a. Savant syndrome

2. Charles Spearman's g refers to a. general intelligence. b. grouped intelligence factors. c. genetic intelligence. d. generated creativity. e. generalized reliability.

a. general intelligence.

4. According to Carol Dweck, students are often hampered by a "fixed mindset." This means they believe: a. intelligence is biologically set and unchangeable. b. it is never good to change your mind once it is made up. c. intelligence can be "repaired" by doing specific mental exercises. d. they have already done everything they can to improve. e. problems can only be solved a particular way.

a. intelligence is biologically set and unchangeable.

14. The purpose of Alfred Binet's early intelligence test was to a. predict how children would do in school. b. identify differences among ethnic and racial groups. c. help French graduates find the occupation in which they were most likely to succeed. d. establish the scientific definition of intelligence. e. facilitate "genetic breeding" experiments.

a. predict how children would do in school.

13. Students who do well on college entrance exams generally do well in their first year of college. This helps establish that these exams have a. predictive validity. b. split-half reliability. c. content validity. d. test-retest reliability. e. standard validity.

a. predictive validity.

1. Children are said to have an intellectual disability if they have difficulty adapting to the demands of independent living and have IQ scores below a. 60. b. 70. c. 80. d. 90. e. 100.

b. 70.

2. According to Charles Spearman and others, which of the following underlies specific mental abilities and is measured by every task on an intelligence test? a. Savant syndrome b. General intelligence ( g ) c. Factor analysis d. Intelligence e. Emotional intelligence

b. General intelligence ( g )

2. Which of the following best represents crystallized intelligence? a. Jake can solve math word problems quickly. b. Grandpa Milt is good at crossword puzzles. c. Aliyah has a knack for training dogs. d. Anna writes creative computer programs. e. Heng bakes excellent chocolate chip cookies.

b. Grandpa Milt is good at crossword puzzles.

15. The original formula for a child's intelligence quotient compared a child's a. aptitude to his or her school performance. b. mental age to his or her chronological age. c. intelligence to his or her siblings'intelligence. d. intelligence to his or her parents'intelligence. e. math intelligence to his or her verbal intelligence.

b. mental age to his or her chronological age.

11. Recentresearchaboutbrainsizeandfunctionsuggeststhat a. the occipital lobe is more active when people are thinking about questions on intelligence tests. b. people who are smarter use less energy when solving problems. c. there is no correlation between processing speed and IQ scores. d. people with larger brains are always smarter than those with smaller brains. e. subjects with larger parietal lobes tended to process information more slowly.

b. people who are smarter use less energy when solving problems.

6. Howard Gardner found evidence of multiple intelligences in individuals who scored low on intelligence but had an area of exceptional ability—for example, to make complex calculations. These people have a. the Flynn effect. b. savant syndrome. c. advanced mental age. d. Wechsler syndrome. e. intelligence heritability.

b. savant syndrome

3. According to most experts, intelligence tests are not biased because a. the average scores for various racial and ethnic groups do not differ by much. b. the tests do a pretty good job of predicting what they are supposed to predict. c. cultural background has little influence on test scores. d. scores on the test are not very stable even when you don't consider race. e. scores are increasing for almost all groups because of the Flynn effect.

b. the tests do a pretty good job of predicting what they are supposed to predict.

4. Intellectual disability is defined by both IQ and which of the following? a. Chronological age b. Mental age c. Adaptive ability d. Physical condition e. Heritability

c. Adaptive ability

7. Which of the following is one of Robert Sternberg's types of intelligence? a. Naturalistic intelligence b. General intelligence c. Practical intelligence d. Savant intelligence e. Kinesthetic intelligence

c. Practical intelligence

2. Which of the following best describes the extent to which a test yields consistent results upon retesting? a. Content validity b. Validity c. Reliability d. Predictive validity e. Normal curve

c. Reliability

5. Achievement tests are to aptitude tests as a. verbal performance is to spatial performance. b. elementary school skills are to secondary school skills. c. measurement is to prediction. d. reliability is to validity. e. general intelligence is to multiple intelligences.

c. measurement is to prediction.

10. Heritability of intelligence refers to a. the extent to which a person's intelligence is caused by genetics. b. the effect of adoption on the intelligence of adopted children. c. the amount of group variation in intelligence that can be attributed to genetics. d. the extent to which the quality of schools and other environmental factors determine intelligence. e. the correlation between intelligence test scores of identical twins.

c. the amount of group variation in intelligence that can be attributed to genetics.

12. The most widely used modern intelligence test was developed by a. Alfred Binet. b. Louis Terman. c. Robert Sternberg. d. David Wechsler. e. Howard Gardner.

d. David Wechsler.

2. The correlation between the IQ scores of fraternal twins raised together is lower than IQ scores of identical twins raised together. What conclusion can be drawn from this data? a. Nothing, because the type of twin has not been held constant. b. Nothing, because there is no comparison between twins and adopted children. c. Nothing, because cultural differences have not been considered. d. There is a genetic effect on intelligence. e. There is an environmental effect on intelligence.

d. There is a genetic effect on intelligence. e. There is an environmental effect on intelligence.

9. The ability to perceive, understand, manage, and use emotions is called a. interpersonal intelligence. b. general intelligence. c. practical intelligence. d. emotional intelligence. e. adaptive intelligence.

d. emotional intelligence.

1. Heritability relates to the a. percentage of a person's intelligence that is due to environmental influences. b. percentage of a person's intelligence that is due to genetics. c. correlation of intelligence test scores among family members. d. extent to which variability among individuals' intelligence scores can be attributed to genetic variation. e. genetic stability of intelligence over time.

d. extent to which variability among individuals' intelligence scores can be attributed to genetic variation.

4. In general, males score higher than females on tests of a. spelling. b. verbal fluency. c. emotion detection. d. spatial ability. e. sensitivity to touch, taste, and odor.

d. spatial ability.

1. Which of the following is a longitudinal study? a. Researchers test the intelligence of all the students in a high school. b. Intelligence tests are given to the residents of a nursing home. c. Researchers randomly select 50 students from a high school with 2000 students. The 50 students are given intelligence tests. d. A group of college juniors is given an extensive battery of tests over a period of 2 days. e. A group of kindergartners is given an intelligence test. They are retested every other year for 30 years.

e. A group of kindergartners is given an intelligence test. They are retested every other year for 30 years.

3. Which of the following is true of the mental similarities between adoptive children and their adoptive parents as they age? a. Adoptive children become much more similar to their adoptive families over time. b. Adoptive children become slightly more similar to their adoptive families over time. c. There is hardly any similarity, either when the adoptive children are young or when they are older. d. Adoptive children become slightly less similar to their adoptive families over time. e. Adoptive children become much less similar to their adoptive families over time.

e. Adoptive children become much less similar to their adoptive families over time.

1. According to Robert Sternberg, what kind of intelligence is assessed by traditional intelligence tests? a. Linguistic b. Practical c. Creative d. Spatial e. Analytical

e. Analytical

1. Which of the following is true of boys compared with girls? a. Boys have a higher average intelligence score. b. Boys are better spellers than girls. c. Boys are better at detecting emotions. d. Boys are more verbally fluent. e. Boys are more likely to have extremely low intelligence scores.

e. Boys are more likely to have extremely low intelligence scores.

4. Which of the following is not a component of emotional intelligence? a. Understanding emotions b. Perceiving emotions c. Using emotions d. Managing emotions e. Inventing emotions

e. Inventing emotions

3. What would be true of a thermometer that always reads three degrees off? a. It is valid but not reliable. b. It is both reliable and valid. c. It is neither reliable nor valid. d. It is not valid, but you cannot determine if it is reliable from the information given. e. It is reliable but not valid.

e. It is reliable but not valid.

3. Which of the following can be used to demonstrate that only about 2 percent of the population scores are at least two standard deviations above the mean on an intelligence test? a. Reliability test b. Aptitude test c. Predictive validity test d. Test-retest procedure e. Normal curve

e. Normal curve

8. The Flynn effect refers to the a. superiority of certain racial and ethnic groups on intelligence tests. b. common for males than females on math tests. c. stereotype threat that might cause some Black students to underperform on standardized tests. d. predictive ability of intelligence tests. e. gradual improvement in intelligence test scores over the last several decades.

e. gradual improvement in intelligence test scores over the last several decades.