UNIT 11: Testing and Individual Differences

Peruvian folk healers display intelligence in their knowledge about medicinal plants. This illustrates that intelligence is a. defined in common ways across a variety of cultures. b. a socially constructed concept. c. an abstract, immaterial concept that cannot be tested. d. one general ability. e. a combination of analytical, creative, and practical skills.

B. a socially constructed concept.

Charles Spearman's g refers to: a) general intelligence b) grouped intelligence factors c) genetic intelligence d) generated creativity e) generalized reliability

a

Students who do well on college entrance exams generally do well in college. This helps establish that these exams have: a) predictive validity b) split-half reliability c) content validity d) test-retest reliability e) standard validity

a

The purpose of Alfred Binet's early intelligence test was to: a) predict how children would do in school. b) identify differences among ethnic and racial groups c) help French graduates find the occupation in which they were most likely to succeed d) establish the scientific definition of intelligence. e) facilitate "genetic breeding" experiments.

a

Alfred Binet believed that intelligence test(s) a. did not measure inborn intelligence but should be used to identify children who would benefit from additional training. b. scores ought to be standardized to allow comparison between groups taking the test. c. must provide separate scores for verbal comprehension, perceptual organization, and cognitive processing speed. d. should be used as a numerical measure of inherited intelligence to detect feeble-mindedness. e. reliably measure analytical, creative, and practical intelligence.

a. did not measure inborn intelligence but should be used to identify children who would benefit from additional training.

Children are said to have an intellectual disability if they have difficulty adapting to the demands of independent living and have IQ scores below: a) 60 b) 70 c) 80 d) 90 e) 100

b

Howard Gardner found evidence of multiple intelligences in individuals who scored low on intelligence but had an area of exceptional ability-- for example, to make complex calculations. These people have: a) the Flynn effect b) Savant Syndrome c) advanced mental age d) Wechsler Syndrome e) intelligence heritability

b

The intelligence quotient compares a child's: a) aptitude to his or her school performance b) mental age to his or her chronological age c) intelligence to his or her siblings intelligence d) intelligence to his or her parents intelligence e) math intelligence to his or her verbal intelligence

b

If research demonstrated that a new test after it is given the first time accurately predicts college achievement for women and men, Blacks and Whites, and for rich and poor, the test would a. be standardized. b. be valid. c. display a set of normally distributed scores. d. be reliable. e. be biased.

b. be valid.

Achievement tests are to aptitude tests as: a) verbal performance is to spatial performance. b) elementary school skills are to secondary school skills c) measurement is to prediction d) reliability is to validity e) general intelligence is to multiple intelligences.

c

Heritability of intelligence refers to: a) the extent to which a person's intelligence is caused by genetics. b) the effect of adoption on the intelligence of adopted children. c) the amount of group variation in intelligence that can be attributed to genetics. d) the extent to which the quality of schools and other environmental factors determine intelligence. e) the correlation between intelligence test of identical twins.

c

Which of the following does Robert Sternberg include as a type of intelligence? a) Naturalistic Intelligence b) General Intelligence c) Practical Intelligence d) Savant Intelligence e) Kinesthetic Intelligence

c

By which age is intelligence test performance predictive of adult scores? a. 2 years b. 3 years c. 4 years d. 5 years e. 7 years

c. 4 years

Which of the following conclusions can be drawn from this scatterplot? a. Higher intelligence test scores predict lower SAT scores. b. A weak correlation exists between intelligence test scores and SAT scores. c. Higher intelligence test scores predict higher SAT scores. d. Intelligence test scores cannot be used to predict SAT test performance. e. Correlation does not mean causation.

c. Higher intelligence test scores predict higher SAT scores.

Which of the following is characteristic of those whose intelligence test scores fall at 70 or below? a. savant syndrome b. Down syndrome c. an intellectual disability d. low heritability e. autism

c. an intellectual disability

An intelligence test that measures a common skill set that underlies intelligent behavior would be assessing what Charles Spearman called a. factor analysis. b. multiple intelligences. c. general intelligence. d. triarchic intelligences. e. emotional intelligence

c. general intelligence.

Research has found that when Blacks and Whites have or receive the same pertinent knowledge, they exhibit similar information-processing skill. This finding suggests that the differences in these groups' intelligence test scores a. may possibly be influenced by genetics. b. have a heritability of 50 percent genetics and 50 percent environment. c. may be due to cultural factors. d. reflect an inherent bias in intelligence tests. e. are not reliable.

c. may be due to cultural factors.

Which of the following is a researcher most likely to do in determining the reliability of an intelligence test? a. give the test to a representative group b. evaluate differences between mental age and chronological age c. split the test in half and compare scores d. compare future performance to the test score e. contrast correlations between test scores of identical twins

c. split the test in half and compare scores

Research has demonstrated that intelligence test scores of identical twins reared together are virtually as similar as those of the same person taking the same test twice. This evidence a. points to the effects of the environment on intelligence. b. demonstrates the importance of heritability on intelligence. c. supports the genetic contribution to intelligence. d. illustrates the concept of validity in intelligence testing. e. warns parents of the dangerous effect of stereotype threat on intelligence test scores.

c. supports the genetic contribution to intelligence.

MRI scans reveal correlations of about +.33 between brain size (adjusted for body size) and intelligence score. This finding suggests that a. neural plasticity is greater during adulthood than in childhood. b. researchers can reliably predict that those with larger brains are also more intelligent. c. there is a modest relationship between brain size and intelligence, but the cause could be environmental. d. higher intelligence scores are linked to more white matter in brain regions involved in memory and attention. e. there is no relationship between brain size and intelligence.

c. there is a modest relationship between brain size and intelligence, but the cause could be environmental.

What is the benefit of standardizing an intelligence test? a. to counter rising intelligence test scores b. to measure the extent to which the test actually predicts what it promises c. to provide a basis for comparing scores against a pretested group d. to determine if the test yields dependably consistent results e. to calculate the relative effects of nature and nurture on intelligence

c. to provide a basis for comparing scores against a pretested group

In general, males score higher than females on tests of: a) spelling b) verbal fluency c) emotion detection d) spatial ability e) sensitivity to touch, taste, and odor.

d

The ability to perceive, understand, manage, and use emotions called: a) interpersonal intelligence b) general intelligence c) practical intelligence d) emotional intelligence e) adaptive intelligence

d

The most widely used modern intelligence test was developed by: a) Alfred Binet b) Louis Terman c) Robert Sternberg d) David Wechsler e) Howard Gardner

d

The Flynn effect refers to the: a) superiority of certain racial and ethnic groups on intelligence tests b) fact that male performance on math tests is more extreme (that is, more very high and very low scores) than is female performance. c) stereotype threat that might cause some Black students to underperform on standardized tests. d) predictive ability of intelligence tests e) gradual improvement in intelligence test scores over the last several decades.

e

The neurological basis of intelligence is most dependent on the: a) overall number of neurons b) quantity of specific neurotransmitters c) development of the left hemisphere d) development of the right hemisphere e) number of synapses between neurons

e

What would be true of a thermometer that always reads three degrees off? a) It is valid but not reliable b) it is both reliable and valid c) It is neither reliable nor valid d) It is not valid but you cannot determine if it is reliable from the information given. e) It is reliable but not valid

e

Which of the following best illustrates the concept of "emotional intelligence"? a. When she is lost in an unfamiliar city, Martha quickly develops a plan to find her way back to the hotel. b. Sara's ability to read maps and give good directions helps her to be a good Park Ranger. c. As a lawyer, Alisha constructs logical arguments and is able to communicate her ideas effectively to the jury. d. Charmaine likes to spend her free time collecting, classifying, and reading about fossils. e. Jane always knows just what to say when one of her friends is having a hard time.

e. Jane always knows just what to say when one of her friends is having a hard time.

Regarding gender and intelligence, research has demonstrated that a. females excel at spatial tasks, such as the mental rotation test. b. males surpass females in their sensitivity to emotional cues. c. males do extremely well in remembering and locating objects. d. females score higher on tests of mathematical problem solving. e. gender similarities vastly outnumber gender differences in intellectual abilities.

e. gender similarities vastly outnumber gender differences in intellectual abilities.

J. McVicker Hunt trained caregivers to play language-fostering games with developmentally delayed Iranian infants. By 22 months of age, these infants showed dramatic increases in language abilities. Such results demonstrate the a. limitations of targeted training of specific abilities. b. role biology plays in intellectual abilities. c. dangerous effect of stereotype threat on children's abilities. d. power of factor analysis in determining treatment options for such children. e. importance of environmental forces in intelligence.

e. importance of environmental forces in intelligence.

Which of the following is NOT considered to be one of Howard Gardner's multiple intelligences? a. musical b. intrapersonal c. linguistic d. spatial e. practical

e. practical

As people contemplate a variety of questions, such as those found on intelligence tests, which area of the brain becomes especially active? a. the parietal lobe b. the right hemisphere c. the temporal lobe d. the left hemisphere e. the frontal lobe

e. the frontal lobe