Unit 2

The diagram above depicts the human body's

endocrine system

The pituitary gland is controlled by the

hypothalamus

Most glands in the human body are a part of which system?

the endocrine system

Which scenario best exemplifies Charles Darwin's theory of natural selection?

A mutation in a species of lizards that allows them to better blend into their surroundings leads to greater survival and more offspring possessing this mutation in a later generation.

Immediately after firing, a neuron is incapable of responding to stimulation. This condition is referred to as

Absolute refractory period

Which of the following correctly pairs subdivisions within the major divisions of the human nervous system?

Central . . somatic and sympathetic

During a psychology experiment, a researcher uses a probe to lesion the ventromedial nucleus of a rat's hypothalamus. After the procedure the rat most likely will

Eat more and gain weight

The nature-nurture issue is best exemplified by which of the following questions?

Is level of intelligence the result of one's environment and specific learning, or is it a result of biological maturation?

Which of the following most accurately characterizes the role of the hypothalamus in the regulation of hunger?

It acts with the endocrine system to control hunger and satiety.

Which of the following brain regions is the part of the cerebral cortex that is most responsible for the processing of visual stimuli?

Occipital lobe

What is the primary function of the brain region indicated by the arrow?

Oops no picture just know the functions can't be too hard Frontal - decisions Parietal - senses Occipital - vision Temporal - hearing Cerebellum - balance, movement

James was born with a condition that makes it impossible for him to metabolize certain proteins. Due to early screening and a special diet, he was able to avoid developing potentially serious symptoms. Which of the following disorders does James have?

Phenylketonuria (PKU)

It is well established that certain autonomic responses such as heart rate, perspiration, and respiration change under stress. In view of the fact that people generally have stronger autonomic responses when lying than when telling the truth, it follows that the polygraph would be a foolproof approach to lie detection. Which statement best explains why the polygraph is not more widely used in courtrooms and in testing of job applicants?

Physiological arousal is much the same for several emotions, so the polygraph cannot always reliably distinguish guilt from other reactions.

What hormone seems to be most closely linked with aggressive behavior?

Testosterone

Professor Janeja is studying which brain regions are involved in learning to correctly navigate a maze task. She randomly assigns half of a group of mice to get a lesion in one area of the brain. The other half does not get a lesion. Based on the following graph, where in the brain is the most likely site of the lesion?

The hippocampus

Which of the following biological systems is most likely responsible for an increase in heart rate while experiencing anxiety?

The sympathetic nervous system

After sustaining a traumatic injury, Russ is having difficulty comprehending the meaning of words. Which of the following parts of his brain has most likely been damaged?

Wernicke's area

Which of the following is true about the pons?

Your pons is a part of your brainstem, a structure that links your brain to your spinal cord. It handles unconscious processes and jobs, such as your sleep-wake cycle and breathing. It also contains several junction points for nerves that control muscles and carry information from senses in your head and face SLEEP AND AROUSAL

Activation of the parasympathetic nervous system results in which of the following?

a decrease in heart rate

Which of the following are NOT part of a neuron?

a neuron has three main parts: dendrites, an axon, and a cell body or soma

Researchers looking to create a drug to reduce the symptoms of Alzheimer's disease would most likely focus their efforts on which of the following neurotransmitters?

acetylcholine

Electrically stimulating a rat's amygdala would most likely produce which of the following?

aggression or fear

Which of the following brain structures is most associated with the emotion of fear?

amygdala

When a person is suffering from severe pain, the type of drug that will best help alleviate that pain is

an opiate

The area labeled X in the drawing above denotes which of the following structures?

axon terminal

Look at the labeled structures in the diagram of a synapse below. Where is the synaptic cleft?

between

Damage to Wernicke's area is most likely to be associated with difficulty in

comprehending a spoken request for information

A person with damage to Broca's area would most likely demonstrate which of the following symptoms?

difficulty with speech production

Which of the following is reduced during a fight-or-flight reaction?

digestion, heart rate, breathing

The limbic system is most closely associated with

emotions

In extreme cases, surgically severing the corpus callosum is a treatment for which of the following conditions?

epilepsy

A person with a severe head injury subsequently acts irresponsibly, does not seem to be able to plan effectively, and is easy to anger. Which of the following brain areas is most likely injured?

frontal lobe

During the high-wire act, Grace walks along a rope suspended 30 feet above the circus floor. Which of the following is most involved in helping Grace coordinate her movements and maintain her balance during the performance? cerebellum

her cerebellum

Which of the following brain structures has the strongest influence on hunger and satiety?

hypothalamus

A person accidentally touches a hand to a hot stove and quickly pulls the hand away, even before sensory information about the hot stove reaches the brain. The person's reaction is most directly enabled by

interneuron

The autonomic nervous system is most directly involved in

is a component of the peripheral nervous system that regulates involuntary physiologic processes including heart rate, blood pressure, respiration, digestion, and sexual arousal

An individual with damage to Wernicke's area is most likely to have difficulty

language comprehension

Stimulation of which of the following brain areas will lead a person to eat?

lateral hypothalamus

George was involved in an accident and experienced head trauma. Although his eyes were functioning normally, he was unable to see. Which area of the brain was most likely affected by the accident?

occipital lobe

In the figure above, where does the neurotransmitter dopamine have its effect? ignore the picture

post synaptic neuron (E) ignore the picture

The function of dendrites is to

receive communication from other cells

If an individual has lost the ability to feel pain in the left arm, there is most likely damage to what area of the brain?

right parietal lobe

An image projected to the left visual field of a split-brained person will be processed in the

right visual cortex

Which part of the brain represented above is indicated by A?

sensory cortex in the parietal lobe

Information is relayed to the spinal cord or the brain by

sensory neurons

The division of the nervous system that most directly allows voluntary muscle movement is the

somatic nervous system

Nervousness can result in faster and more shallow breathing as well as a racing heart. This is due to activation of the?

sympathetic nervous system

Damage to the occipital lobe would most likely affect a person's

vision

The occipital lobe of the human brain contains the centers for

vision

A person will most likely develop aphasia as a result of damage to which of the following parts of the brain?

wernickes area