unit 2 AP PSYCH

Which of the following groups of characteristics best describes the REM sleep stage?

Fast breathing, relatively high heart rate, relatively high blood pressure

Which of the following is true about the pons?

It is the region of the brain that is most closely associated with sleep and arousal.

The explanation that holds that dreams are merely the brain's attempt to make sense of meaningless patterns of brain activity during sleep is called the

activation-synthesis theory

The part of the neuron that is responsible for receiving signals from other neurons is called

dendrite

Based on its effects on the central nervous system, alcohol can be classified as

depressant

The autonomic nervous system is most directly involved in

digesting food

Lucid dreaming occurs when people

have dreams in which they are aware that they are dreaminghave dreams in which they are aware that they are dreaming

Professor Janeja is studying which brain regions are involved in learning to correctly navigate a maze task. She randomly assigns half of a group of mice to get a lesion in one area of the brain. The other half does not get a lesion. Based on the following graph, where in the brain is the most likely site of the lesion?

hippocampus

The part of the endocrine system that is responsible for overseeing and regulating the release of hormones across the entire body is the

hypothalamus

Brain lateralization refers to the

inclination for certain cognitive processes to be specialized to one hemisphere of the brain or the other

Which chemical is most closely associated with sleep?

melatonin

During neuronal firing, the part of the neuron that acts as an insulator and conductor to speed the electrical impulse as it travels down the axon is

myelin sheath

Abnormalities in calcium regulation are most likely to arise from problems with

parathyroid gland

The person most strongly associated with identifying deficits in the motor speech area and in the ability to produce speech is

paul broca

Dr. Naum is studying the function of the medial temporal lobe of the brain by examining the case study of J.S., an individual who incurred damage in this area during a motor vehicle accident. Dr. Naum administers a battery of tasks multiple times over the course of several weeks to assess J.S.'s cognitive abilities. The graph below shows J.S.'s performance on three different tasks. The bar on the left shows his accuracy forming new memories in a lab context, the middle bar shows his accuracy on a driving course, and the bar on the right shows his accuracy on a third task. Based on the scores on the three tasks, Task 3 most likely involves

remembering events that occurred shortly before his accident

The process by which neurotransmitters are reabsorbed into the neuron after it fires is called

reuptake

Dr. Frishkoff is studying how participants' brain activity changes when they read sentences in which the last word is either expected ("The pizza was too hot to eat") or unexpected ("The pizza was too hot to cry"). While participants are reading, Dr. Frishkoff measures their brain activity. The results of her experiment are shown below. Dr. Frishkoff could accurately describe the results of her study by saying that participants

showed a negative-going peak in brain wave activity approximately 400 milliseconds after the unexpected word was presented that the participants did not show in response to the expected word

Which of the following biological systems is most likely responsible for an increase in heart rate while experiencing anxiety?

sympathetic nervous system

The time shortly after a neuron fires is referred to as

the refractory period

Getting a headache from not having a morning coffee after substantial daily coffee consumption for several months is most likely due to

withdrawal

Sleep paralysis typically occurs in people who are

woken up while sleepwalking