Unit 2 bio test

There are different drugs that interfere with the M phase of the cell cycle. ______ interfere with the formation of the spindle fibers and ______ prevent the breakdown of the microtubles. -Alkaloids; taxanes -Taxanes; antimetabolites -Alkylating agents; topoisomerase inhibitors -Taxanes; alkaloids -Taxanes; alkylating agents

Alkaloids and taxanes interfere with the M phase

Alkylating agents work by -placing the cell in G0 phase. i-nterfering with the spindle fibers that separate the sister chromatids. -mimicking nucleotides, which results in an incorrectly developed DNA molecule. -interfering with the cell's ability to unwind DNA during DNA replication. -breaking the DNA and introducing mutations.

Alkylating agents work by damaging the DNA

Which of the following blood cells would be measured to evaluate a patient for cancer? -Osteocytes -White blood cells -Platelets -Red blood cells -All the answer choices are correct.

An elevation in white blood cells could indicate cancer

Cells within the inside of a tumor secrete growth factors, which cause capillaries to grow toward the tumor. This process is called ______, and contributes to the growth and spread of the tumor. -biogenesis -angiogenesis -abiogenesis -metastasis

Angiogenesis assists in "feeding" malignant tumors. This, in turn, allows the tumor to grow and enter into the bloodstream

Antimetabolites work by -placing the cell in G0 phase. -breaking the DNA and introducing mutations. -mimicking nucleotides, which results in an incorrectly developed DNA molecule. -interfering with the spindle fibers that separate the sister chromatids. -interfering with the cell's ability to unwind DNA during DNA replication.

Antimetabolites incorporate incorrect nucleotides

Which characteristic corresponds with Stage 3 of breast cancer -Cancer is localized and less than 2 cm -Cancer is found in a few lymph nodes -Cancer spreads to other organs -Cancer begins invading more lymph nodes and tissue -Cancer extensively spreads to nearby tissue

Cancer extensively spreads to nearby tissue

Which characteristic corresponds with Stage 1 of breast cancer? -Cancer is localized and less than 2 cm -Cancer spreads to other organs -Cancer extensively spreads to nearby tissue -Cancer is found in a few lymph nodes -Cancer begins invading more lymph nodes and tissue

Cancer is found in a few lymph nodes

In which stage does the cell spend most of its time? -Prophase -Anaphase -Interphase -Cytokinesis -Telophase

Cells spend most of their time in interphase

There are multiple mutations in the BRCA1 gene that physicians use to determine cancer treatments. Which of the following mutations would indicate the patient has breast cancer and treatment should be explored? -Deleterious -Variant, favor polymorphism -Variation of uncertain significance -Suspected deleterious -Benign polymorphism

Deleterious

There are multiple steps in interphase that prepare the cells for cell division. Select the correct order of steps that prepare cells for division. -G2, G1, S -S, G1, G2 -G1, G2, S -S, G2, G1 -G1, S, G2

G1, S, G2

At which checkpoint is DNA assessed for accuracy before cell division? -G2 -S -G0 -G1 -M

G2

There are two types of brachytherapy. ______ brachytherapy is when the "seed" is placed in the tumor, and ______ brachytherapy is when the "seed" is placed near the tumor. -Internal; external -Interstitial; intracavitary -Intracavitary; interstitial -External; intracavitary -Internal; intracavitary

Interstitial and instracavitary

I-131 is a radioactive form of iodine that is used to aid in systemic radiation of thyroid cancer. Why is I-131 used in this treatment? -iodine is required for DNA replication; therefore, it would be attracted to DNA of cancerous cells. -Radioactive iodine is harmless to the patient. -Iodine is used by the thyroid; therefore, the radioactive form would also travel to that area. -Radioactive iodine will interfere with cancer cells in the thyroid and throughout the body. -Iodine is required for all cancerous cells to continue to divide; therefore, it would travel to those cells.

Iodine travels to the thyroid.

Which of the following scanning tools is used to look for abnormalities in the breast that could be associated with cancer? -CT scan -PET scan -Diagnostic mammogram -Screening mammogram -MRI

Screening mammogram

Telophase and cytokinesis is a step of mitosis. What key event happens during telophase and cytokinesis? -Sister chromatids are pulled apart -Chromosomes condense -Nuclear envelopes form and a cleavage furrow forms -Sister chromatids align on the spindle equator

Sister chromatids align on the spindle equator

Anaphase is a step of mitosis. What key event happens during anaphase? -Chromosomes condense -Sister chromatids align on the spindle equator -Sister chromatids are pulled apart -Nuclear envelopes form and a cleavage furrow forms

Sister chromatids are pulled apart

In which stage of breast cancer would a physician most likely use radiation and chemotherapy to treat a cancer patient? -Stage 4 -Stage 3 -Stage 2 -Stage 1

Stage 4

If a gene mutation occurs that results in a premature stop codon in the mRNA sequence, the protein will __________. -be normal -cause other proteins to misfold -misfold -be larger in size -be incomplete

be incomplete

During the division of eukaryotic cells, the ______ assists by dividing the genetic material and cell contents into the two resulting cells -lysosome -nucleus -ribosomes -mitochondria -centrioles

centrioles

The shape of the active site -changes after breaking down its first substrate. -changes to fit all substrates. -can be modified by cell signals. -determines the substrate that is broken down

changes to fit all substrates

Prophase is a step of mitosis. What key event happens during prophase? -Sister chromatids align on the spindle equator -Chromosomes condense -Sister chromatids are pulled apart -Nuclear envelopes form and a cleavage furrow forms

condensing of chromosomes

Internal radiation that requires the seeds to remain in the body is referred to as ______ treatment -low-dose -systemic -permanent -high-dose -extended

low dose

During translation, the ______ reads the codon on the mRNA and brings in the cooresponding amino acid -tRNA -rRNA -RNA polymerase -protein -ribosome

tRNA