Unit 2

3.19. In Wikipedia, look up "Soil liquefaction" and answer this question: What is liquefaction?

d. The process by which water-saturated sediments act like a liquid during an earthquake.

3.9. In Wikipedia, look up "List of earthquakes", read the intro then scroll down to "Deadliest earthquakes", and answer this question: True or False: Of the top 10 deadliest earthquakes, a majority were smaller than M8.

true

True of False: We can observe the buildup of stress on a fault using GPS instruments.

true

A magnitude 6 earthquake causes how much more shaking than a magnitude 4 earthquake?

100 times

Which is the largest earthquake in the past 100 years?

1960 Chile

What does the fact that S waves do not travel through the Earth's outer core tell us?

b. That the outer core is liquid

3.7. In Wikipedia, look up "1976 Tangshan earthquake" and answer this question: Which of the following is not true? a. An estimated 85% of buildings in the region collapsed. b. The earthquake was predicted, leading to a major evacuation prior to the quake. c. Some estimates placed the death toll at more than half a million people. d. All the above are true

b. The earthquake was predicted, leading to a major evacuation prior to the quake.

What is elastic rebound?

b. The process by which crust can bend and unbend like rubber

3.20. In Wikipedia, look up "Seismic base isolation" and answer this question: What is the objective of seismic base isolation?

b. To decouple a building from the shaking ground during an earthquake.

3.10. In Wikipedia, look up "Earthquake prediction" and answer this question: Currently, what do most scientist say about earthquake prediction?

a. They are pessimistic and many think earthquake prediction is inherently impossible.

3.17. In Wikipedia, look up "2008 Sichuan earthquake" and answer this question: During the Sichuan earthquake, also known as the Wenchuan earthquake, which of the following statements is true? a. An unusually large number of school buildings collapsed killing many children. b. It was the largest and deadliest earthquake in China since the 1976 Tangshan earthquake. c. It left about 5 million people homeless. d. All the above

all of the above

3.18. In Wikipedia, look up "Mechanical resonance" and answer this question: Which of these statements about mechanical resonance (also known as forced resonance) is true? a. Avoiding resonance disasters is a major concern in every building, tower, and bridge construction project. b. Buildings in seismic zones are often constructed to take into account the oscillating frequencies of expected ground motion. c. Mechanical resonance is the tendency of a mechanical system to respond at greater amplitude when the frequency of its oscillations matches the system's natural frequency of vibration. d. All the above

all of the above

3.5. In Wikipedia, look up "Seismic hazard", read the intro then scroll down to the US seismic hazard maps and enlarge the map of peak ground acceleration, and answer this question: This map shows where seismic hazards are considered high (red/yellow regions). Which regions contain high seismic hazards? a. The west coast b. The midwest c. The southeast coast d. All the above

all of the above

3.8. In Wikipedia, look up "2010 Haiti earthquake" and answer this question: Which of the following are true? a. The Haitian government's death toll estimates were far higher than other estimates. b. It had been more than 150 years since the last major (M>7) earthquake in the country. c. An estimated 3 million people were affected by the quake d. All the above

all of the above

What can seismic waves be used to visualize within the Earth? a. Buried mountains b. Subducting plates c. High density (cold) and low density (warm) regions d. All the above

all of the above

Which of the following is true about the 1906 earthquake? a. Potentially more than 3,000 people died, the most ever due to an earthquake in the U.S. b. Devasting fires broke out after the earthquake that were even more destructive c. Areas situated in sediment-filled valleys sustained stronger shaking than nearby bedrock sites. d. All the above

all of the above

3.16. In Wikipedia, look up "Earthquake warning system" and answer this question: What is an earthquake early warning system?

b. A system devised for notifying adjoining regions of a substantial earthquake while it is in progress.

3.12. In Wikipedia, look up "Foreshock" and answer this question: Why might foreshock detection be useful in predicting earthquakes? a. Because they occur prior to every major (M>7) earthquake. b. Because they occur prior to most major (M>7) earthquakes. c. Because they occur prior to a small percentage of major (M>7) earthquakes. d. Because they occur prior to no major (M>7) earthquakes.

b. Because they occur prior to most major (M>7) earthquakes.

How can seismograms by used to locate an earthquake? a. By the magnitude of the shaking b. By the duration of the shaking c. By the difference in arrival time between the P and S waves d. All the above

c. By the difference in arrival time between the P and S waves

3.4. In Wikipedia, look up "Modified Mercalli intensity scale", read the intro then scroll down to the actual scale and answer this question: At what scale level will damage be great in substantial buildings, with partial collapse?

c. IX Violent

3.3. In Wikipedia, look up "Modified Mercalli intensity scale" and answer this question: What do Mercalli intensities measures (don't worry about difference to modified intensities)?

c. The effects of an earthquake at a particular location

3.14. In Wikipedia, look up "Earthquake forecasting" and answer this question: What is an earthquake forecast?

c. The probabilistic assessment of earthquake hazards over years or decades

3.6. In Wikipedia, look up "New Madrid Seismic Zone" and answer this question: Which of the following statements is not true? a. There were a series of several large earthquakes in this region in 1811-1812. b. The 1811 earthquake causes the Mississippi River to appear to run backwards. c. West Lafayette, Indiana is within a couple of miles to the center of this seismic zone. d. All the above are true

c. West Lafayette, Indiana is within a couple of miles to the center of this seismic zone.

3.13. In Wikipedia, look up "2009 L'Aquila earthquake", read the intro then scroll down to "Prosecutions", and answer this question: Why were 6 seismologists thrown in jail?

d. For not predicting the earthquake

3.11. In Wikipedia, look up "Earthquake prediction", read the intro then scroll down to "Precursors", and answer this question: Which of the following appears to be a reliable earthquake precursor? a. Foreshocks b. Changing in groundwater levels c. Observed acceleration of ground deformation d. None have been found to be reliable for the purposes of earthquake prediction

d. None have been found to be reliable for the purposes of earthquake prediction

What is stick-slip behavior?

d. The process that causes a fault to be stuck between earthquakes and slip during them

"__________ record __________ at __________ by using __________that produce __________.

d. seismologists, seismic waves, seismic stations, seismometers, seismograms

On average, how often do large earthquakes recur on the San Andreas Fault?

every 150 years

3.15. In Wikipedia, look up "Earthquake preparedness" and answer this question: True or False: Building codes are designed to make buildings earthquake proof in the sense of them suffering zero damage.

false

True or False: Big earthquake often open up large gaps in the Earth?

false

What kinds of settings do normal faults occur in?

mid-ocean ridges

Which type of body wave passes through and medium and is the first to arrive?

p waves

Which type of body wave cannot pass through liquids?

s waves

Which of the following will strongly amplify surface ground motion during an earthquake?

sediments

What kinds of settings do thrust faults occur in?

subduction zones

Which type of seismic waves cause the most shaking?

surface waves

How does the rupture time of a bigger earthquake compare to that of a small earthquake?

the bigger the earthquake has the longer rupture time

Subduction of the Pacific Plate beneath Japan pushes Japan to the west between earthquakes. Which direction does Japan move when a subduction zone earthquake occurs?

to the east

What kinds of settings do strike-slip faults occur in?

transform plate boundaries

What is the largest earthquake that could theoretically occur?

M10