Unit 2 Chemistry Test !!!
What is group 1 on the Periodic table?
Alkali metals
Allotrope:
Different forms of the same element in the same physical state with different physical and / or chemical properties.
What trend in metallic reactivity is apparent as you move from left to right across a horizontal row (period) of the periodic table?
From the left to right the metals become less reactive.
What is group 17 on the Periodic table?
Halogens
Metalloids:
Has properties of metals and nonmetals. Even Mix.
Property of Metals:
Lustrous (shiny), malleable (able to change shape without breaking), good conducturs of heat and electricity, ductile, high density, higher boiling point, normally forms a gas when reacted with acid, usually reacts with oxygen, mostly solids at room temperature, and usually reacts with CuCl₂
What is ORE
Metal in the ground found naturally
Are the least reactive metals also the cheapest metals?
No
If the solid is less reactive then the aqueous, will their be a reaction?
No
Name if this substance is a metal, nonmetal, or metalloid: A substance is brittle, shiny, does not react with acid, and does not conduct electricity.
Nonmetal (brittle, doesn't react with acid, and doesn't conduct electricity are factors of a nonmetal).
In which part of the periodic table contains the least reactive metals?
On the bottom right
What does Redox stand for?
Oxidation Reduction
What is group 2 on the Periodic table?
Alkaline earth metals and transition metals
How can you predict bonding for an unknown element?
By comparing known compounds to the unknown element from the same group.
Example of Allotrope:
Carbon: Graphite, diamonds, Bucky balls, carbon nanotubes...
Physical Property:
Characteristics that can be observed or measured without changing the chemical nature of the substance.
What is usually evidence that a chemical reaction is taking place?
Color change, lighting, temperature, gas formation etc.
Oxidation:
Metal loses electrons, it becomes positively charged.
Reduction:
Metals gains electrons, it goes toward the negative side, but does not become negative.
What is group 18 on the Periodic table?
Noble gases
In which part of the periodic table contains the most reactive metals?
On the top left
In the periodic table, where are the more reactive metals?
On the top, and most of the very reactive metals are on the top left.
What is the metal in the ground found naturally?
Ore
Example of factors for a Physical Property:
Smell, odor, taste, density, color, mass, luster (shiny), malleability (change shape without breaking), brittle, ductility, conductivity (heat / electricity), size, shape, and melting, boiling, and freezing point.
Metallurgy:
The process of Oxidation and Reduction that can be used to purify metals from ore.
What happens if you add a solid metal to a metal in a solution (in a compound)? Is there a reaction occurring?
The solid metal will dissolve into the solution and the metal in the compound will be kicked out and become solid. Yes, there is a reaction.
Why do people usually make alloys?
Usually used to improve the metal.
If the solid is more reactive then the aqueous, will their be a reaction?
Yes
In what sphere can metals be found?
Metals come primarily from the Lithosphere, but metals can also be found in water, but not in large amounts.
What are Earth's 3 Spheres and what are they made up of?
1) Atmosphere = Air 2) Hydrosphere = Water 3) Lithosphere = Ground and earth
Chemical property:
An interaction of matter that results in the formation of one or more new substances. Ability to react.
Example of a prediction of bonding for an unknown element: Given NaCl and Mg₃N₂, predict how Be and P will combine.
Be₃P₂
Nonmetals:
Brittle, dull, not ductile, lower density, lower boiling points, unreactive with acid, gases at room temperature, and unreactive with CuCl₂.
Why are their different properties in allotropes?
The different properties can be due to different atomic arrangements.
Example of Alloy: and what is it made of?
White Gold: Made of silver, gold, and nickel.
What do solid metals want to be in?
A compound
Alloy:
A solid mixture of 2 or more metals.
Example of a prediction of bonding for an unknown element: Given MgO + Na₂S, Predict how Ca²⁺ and O²⁻ will combine. Predict how K⁺ and O²⁻ will combine.
CaO, + K₂O
Example of a chemical property:
Flammability, ability to react with another chemical, polarity, and an ability to form a gas. It all comes down to reactivity.
Name if this substance is a metal, nonmetal, or metalloid: A substance is shiny, conducts electricity, forms a gas when reacted with acid, and is brittle.
Metal
Name if this substance is a metal, nonmetal, or metalloid: A substance is brittle, dull, reacts with acid, and conducts electricity.
Metalloid (brittle & dull is nonmetal)
Will platinum (Pt) metal react with a lead (ll) nitrate solution?
No
Are most metals found in a pure state naturally? If not what are they found as? What is it?
No, they are found as minerals, which are ionic compounds.
WIll Iron (Fe) metal react with a solution of lead (ll) nitrate, [Pb(NO₃)₂]?
Yes
Does Oxidation and Reduction happen together in the same reaction? And what happens during the reaction?
Yes. During the reaction, it is the transfer of electrons between metals.
How can you predict the boiling / freezing point of an element? What are the steps?
You can average the values from elements directly above and below the element. To do this, you need to add both boiling / freezing points up and then divide it by 2. Then, convert to Kelvins by adding 273 Celsius.