UNIT 2 - PERSONALITY PSYCHOLOGY
In the collective unconscious, archetypes are associated with _____.
symbols
Winnie believes that human behavior is driven by instincts, and therefore people's personalities come from their instinctive reactions to the environment. Winnie is promoting _____.
behaviorism
A highly energetic person who is considered the life of the party may score highly in _____.
extraversion
Humanistic psychology suggests that people:
Are fundamentally good
What was a major impact of Freud's theories of psychosexual development?
Freud's theories help us understand how personal biases affect our understanding of psychology.
This statement would most likely have been said by B.F. Skinner:
'Someone's personality can change if their environment changes.'
People who are very forgiving of others, appreciate those around them, and are generous are probably high on which of the Big 5?
Agreeableness
Who among the Neo-Freudians explicitly rejected the importance of sexuality in psychodynamics?
Alfred Adler
Karen is generally witty, carefree, and selfish. According to Allport, which type of traits are these characteristics?
Central
Who developed the Meyer's Briggs Personality Inventory?
Katharine Cook Briggs and Isabel Briggs Meyers
A man who yells at his dog when he's upset with his girlfriend is experiencing _____.
displacement
A personality trait is considered to be _____.
enduring
The Minnesota Twin Study found that _____.
identical twins raised apart are about as similar as those raised together
Which of the following is NOT a critique of behaviorist views of personality?
it cannot explain complex traits it cannot explain phobias it is at odds with Darwin's theories it does not address temperament
According to Freud, the phases of psychosexual development establish our _____.
personality
A long-lasting pattern of thoughts, feelings, and behaviors that deviate from relevant cultural expectations can be classified as a _____.
personality disorder
A runner who trains twice as hard after suffering a big loss in a race is experiencing _____.
sublimation
Kelly has noticed that her two-month old twins are very different: one is very high-strung while the other is very laid back. Because they've been in the same environment and have had very different personalities from birth, Kelly is most likely noticing her twins' _____.
temperament
The reality principle is:
the idea that the desires of the id must be satisfied in a method that is both socially appropriate and realistic
Calvin is a singer who gets anxious when speaking to large groups. However, once he starts singing, he immediately feels confident and calm. His transient anxiety in front of large groups is an example of ________
A state
A therapist who shows unconditional positive regard will _____
Accept and respect the client regardless of the client's mistakes.
What is a characteristic of behaviorist personality theory?
Draws upon conditioning as contributing to behavior
How is George Valliant important to the study of Freudian defense mechanisms?
He added defense mechanisms to the list and classified them into levels.
NOT one of the three main personality theories?
Heuristic
True or False
If two people are both described as 'agreeable,' one cannot be more agreeable than the other.
Jared is very even-keeled and rolls with the punches whether at work or home. His friend Bill, on the other hand, easily becomes anxious and overwhelmed in many situations. What difference would youDEFINITELY expect if the two friends' personality traits were tested?
Jared would have a lower level of neuroticism than Bill.
What is a characteristic of humanistic personality theory?
Looks at introversion or extroversion
Allport was a scholar in what field?
Psychology
This pair are sometimes referred to as the 'true fathers of personality?'
Raymond Christal and Ernest Tupes
How have twin studies proven to be beneficial?
Researchers can determine the difference between environmental and genetic factors.
Jess really loves kids and is an elementary school teacher. However, she can't stand it when parents take their kids to a movie she's attending because of their whining. Which type of trait accounts for the difference in Jess' attitude?
Secondary
Tommy has a strong sense of morality. According to Freud, this would indicate he has worked through which of the following feelings?
The Oedipus Complex, or sexual desire for his mother and desire to kill his father
The following are characteristics of the ego:
The ego controls consciousness, acts as a mediator, and is responsible for sorting out reality.
How would you expect someone with a high conscientiousness score to evidence this trait in a work environment?
They will probably always be on time for work.
Jed is an antagonistic person who doesn't get along well with others. You would expect him to have a low score in _____.
agreeableness
Behaviorist perspectives on personality say that people develop their personalities:
as an adaptation to the environment
Researchers plan a study to find the proportion of identical twins that both suffer from depression. Thisis an example of the researchers determining the _____.
concordance rate
A statistic for measuring how much a trait in one twin compares or contrasts with the same trait in the other twin is the _____.
correlation coefficient
In family studies, the proband refers to the _____.
first person being studied
The core principles of psychodynamic psychology include insight, focus on the unconscious, personal relationships, and the importance of early childhood, but do not include _________
hidden agendas
A person who 'accidentally' deletes a coworker's presentation because the coworker forgot their lunch date is expressing _____.
passive aggression
Prevailing theories in psychology suggest that genetics, friends, and parents are the main factors influencing our personality, but _______ don't play much of a role.
strangers
All psychodynamic theories focus on _____.
the idea that unconscious psychological forces impact the processes of human development
Carl Rogers' therapy included emphasis on honesty, empathy, openness, and being non-judgmental, but NOT on ___________
therapist-driven answers
What is an important characteristic of psychodynamic personality theory?
Draws from childhood experiences
Gandhi is a good historical example of someone with which kind of trait?
Cardinal
A person who failed a class but tells people he got an A is experiencing denial. Why is this an unproductive way of dealing with disappointment?
Denial is unproductive because it is a refusal to accept reality.
Which of the Big 5 includes traits such as having wide interests, curiosity, and insightfulness?
Openness
In what area would someone who is an avid daydreamer, voracious reader, and rock climber most probably have a high score?
Openness to experience
_____ are a person's usual ways of thinking, behaving and feeling.
Personality traits
