Unit 2 Practice Exam

Compared to skeletal muscle, smooth muscle ________________.

contracts more slowly and relaxes more slowly

What stratum or layer of the epidermis is composed primarily of dead cells that eventually slough off?

corneum

Shafts of hair are made by

dead epidermal cells

The enzyme acetylcholinesterase causes acetylcholine to

decompose

The middle portion of a long bone between epiphyses is called the ___________________.

diaphysis

Merocrine (eccrine) sweat glands respond primarily to

elevated body temperature

The membrane that lines the inside of the diaphysis is called the ________________.

endosteum

Thin skin is defined by the thickness of the

epidermis

Which of the following is the correct order of the layers of the integument, from superficial to deep?

epidermis, dermis, hypodermis

The bone of the lower limb which does not bear weight is the ________________.

fibula

A burn that involves only the epidermis, such as a mild sunburn, is classified as

first degree

Incomplete intramembranous ossification forms soft spots in an infant skull called _________________.

fontanels

The paranasal sinuses are located in the ________ bone.

frontal sphenoid maxillary ethmoid

The tissue under the skin is called the

hypodermis or subcutaneous layer.

A hip bone includes a (an) ___________________.

ilium ischium pubis acetebulum

Increased oxygen consumption would accompany

increased muscle activity increased heat production increased conversion of lactic acid to glucose increased aerobic respiration by muscle cells

The moveable end of a muscle is attached at its ______________________.

insertion

The site of muscle attachment that is moved upon contraction is called the ________________.

insertion

The pigment melanin

is produced by cells called melanocytes and is found in higher concentration in individuals with darker skin protects DNA from the damaging effects of UV radiation

The layer of cells in the epidermis where active cell division occurs, and where melanocytes are found, is the:

stratum basale

Which of the following are a part of the integument?

stratum corneum epidermis dermis stratum basale

The secretion called _________________ is composed of water with some salts and wastes, such as urea and uric acid.

sweat

The tiny structures within a motor neuron axon that store neurotransmitters are _____________________.

synaptic vesicles

Describe a motor end plate.

the area of the muscle fiber sarcolemma at a neuromuscular junction

The heart and lungs are somewhat protected because they are housed within a bony structure called the _______________________.

thoracic cage

Which of the following is not a function of bone?

to provide nervous communication from bone to muscle

Muscle ________________ is particularly important in maintaining posture.

tone

Spongy bone is made up of a network of bony spines called

trabeculae

_______________ are branching bony plates that make up spongy bone.

trabeculae

Cisternae, which are enlarged portions of the sarcoplasmic reticulum, lie to each side of a ____________________.

transverse tubule

The electrical impulse that triggers a contraction travels deep into a skeletal muscle fiber by means of ________________.

transverse tubules

Cutaneous carcinomas are most commonly caused by exposure to _________________.

ultraviolet light

Epidermal cells synthesize this vitamin when exposed to sunlight.

vitamin D3

Sinuses are found within all of the following bones except the __________________.

zygomatic bones

Red bone marrow functions in the formation of ______________.

red and white blood cells and platelets

Eccrine sweat glands ___________________.

respond primarily to elevated body temperature

The skin _____________________.

retards water loss from deeper tissues excretes wastes regulates body temperature synthesizes vitamin D

The area between Z lines is the

sarcomere

What is the functional unit of a skeletal muscle? _______

sarcomere

The cisternae are parts of the

sarcoplasmic reticula

The skeletal muscles store calcium ions in the

sarcoplasmic reticulum

A synovial membrane

secretes synovial fluid lubricates the joint stores small amounts of adipose tissue surrounds the joint cavity

Which of the following activities would employ isometric contractions?

standing at attention

The xiphoid process is part of the _________________________.

sternum

The vertebral column contains ________ lumbar vertebrae.

5

The vertebral column contains ________ cervical vertebrae.

7

A vitamin that is synthesized by the skin is _____.

D3

The appendicular skeleton consists of the parts that support and protect the head, neck, and trunk.

FALSE

ATP is required for cross-bridge binding, but not for cross-bridge release from the actin filament.

False

As the intensity of stimulation increases, recruitment of motor units ceases.

False

Hair color is determined by the amount of keratin protein produced during keratinization.

False

The hip joint is a pivot joint.

False

The periosteum covers the inner wall of the diaphysis.

False

The center of the sarcomere is the

M line

When a person becomes "pale," what is the physiologic basis?

The blood supply to the skin decreases

A meniscus functions to cushion articulating surfaces of bones.

True

Ach released by a motor neuron crosses the synaptic cleft and reaches the motor end plate by diffusion.

True

Carcinomas appear most often in the skin of the neck, face and scalp.

True

Endomysium separates individual muscle fibers from each other.

True

Osteoclasts are large cells that cause the breakdown of osseous tissue.

True

The humerus has an olecranon fossa.

True

The importance of fontanels in the infant's skull is to permit some movement of bones, thereby enabling the infant to pass more easily though the birth canal.

True

Three physiological factors that affect the color of skin are: volume of blood in dermal vessels carotene in the subcutaneous layer various diseases.

True

Your diet can affect the color of your skin.

True

Sebaceous

______________________ glands are holocrine glands that secrete sebum through small ducts into hair follicles.

Cardiac muscle cells use _______ metabolism exclusively for their energy needs.

aerobic

_________________ are muscles that can resist prime mover's actions.

antagonists

The glands that develop at puberty are

apocrine glands

The broad sheets of fibrous connective tissue or fascia that attach adjacent muscles are called _________________.

aponeuroses

Smooth muscle bundles found in the dermis of the skin and attached to the hair root sheath are called ______________ muscles.

arrector pili

"Goose bumps" are caused by stimulation of the __________________ when a person experiences cold, fear, and/or touch.

arrector pili muscles

Stem cells in the stratum __________________ divide to replace the shedding skin cells of the stratum corneum.

basale

The weight of our body passes through this structure of the lumbar vertebrae.

body

When smooth muscles in the walls of dermal blood vessels contract

body heat is conserved

Pressure ulcers are usually associated with skin overlying ________________.

bony projections

In response to action potentials arriving from the transverse tubules, the sarcoplasmic reticulum releases

calcium ions

Which type of joint has limited movement and is comprised mostly of hyaline cartilage?

cartilaginous joints

The modified sweat glands in the ear canal are called __________________ glands and produce ear wax.

ceremunous

The smooth, rounded, or oval articular process of a bone is termed a

condyle

Anaerobic muscle fatigue is most likely due to an accumulation of __________.

lactic acid

The whitish region at the proximal end of the nail bed is called the __________________.

lanula

Calcium ions are released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum during the ________ phase of contraction.

latent

In a recording of a muscle twitch, the delay between the stimulus and the muscle response is called the

latent period

The bone that makes up the lower jaw is the

mandible

The threshold stimulus is the __________________.

minimum strength of stimulus required to cause muscle fiber contraction to occur

Which of the following is not an accessory structure of the skin?

moles

A neuromuscular junction is the synapse between a _______________ and the _____________.

motor neuron; muscle fiber

Which of the following is a function of bone which is the result of a relationship with skeletal muscle?

movement of limbs

Binding sites on the surface of actin allow the formation of cross bridges with molecules of ________________.

myosin

The thin filaments of a muscle fiber are composed of all of the following except ________________.

myosin

Keratinized epidermal cells that protect the ends of fingers and toes are

nails

What strucutres of the fingers and toes are made up of keratinized scales?

nails

Which of the following is not a type of muscle?

nervous

Multiunit smooth muscle responds to stimulation by

neurons and certain hormones

Skin cancer cells are most likely to develop from __________________.

nonpigmented epithelial cells

The "kissing muscle" that purses the lips is the

obicularis oris

A motor unit typically includes _______________.

one motor neuron and several muscle fibers

The special movement of the thumb that allows it to grasp an object and hold onto it is called

opposition

The less-movable end of a skeletal muscle is the

origin

Cells that deposit new bone tissue are the ___________________.

osteoblasts

______________________ are the cells that form bone tissue by depositing bony matrix around themselves.

osteoblasts

Bone cells capable of breaking down osseous tissue are termed

osteoclasts

Activity of ___________________ will increase blood calcium levels, whereas activity of ________________ will decrease blood calcium levels.

osteoclasts; osteoblasts

Which of the following is only found in compact bone?

osteons

Thick skin can be found on the

palms

The dermis forms conical projections that extend up between epidermal ridges. These projections are called dermal __________________.

papillae

__________________ are bony projections on a bone that allow for attachment of ligaments and tendons.

processes

Which of the following is not a function of the dermis?

provide waterproofing for the skin

Various classifications of joints are based on

range of motion permitted structural composition specific type of movement

The increase in the number of motor units activated as a result of more intense stimulation is called _________________.

recruitment

Which type of bone marrow is responsible for the formation of red blood cells, white blood cells and blood platelets?

red