Unit 2 Savvas Quizzes

A food web shows feeding relationships in an ecosystem.In this food web, what is represented by the chains of arrows from the grass to the fox? A. the one-way flow of energy through the ecosystem B. the one-way flow of matter through the ecosystem C. the conservation of energy in the ecosystem D. the removal of energy from the ecosystem

A

Alligators are predators that live in the Florida Everglades. A scientist is using a computer model to determine whether the alligator is a keystone species in the Everglades. The graph shows the population of alligators in one of the computer simulations.The simulation also provides data for many other Everglades species. Which of these results would provide the strongest evidence that the alligator is a keystone species? A. The populations of many species increase and decrease in a similar pattern as the alligator. B. The populations of many species are always increasing, regardless of the changes to the alligator population. C. The populations of many species are always decreasing, regardless of the changes to the alligator population. D. The populations of other species are staying about the same, regardless of the changes to the alligator population.

A

Healthy soil is able to provide all the nutrients that support plant growth, and to do so year after year. What biotic or abiotic factor directly supplies these nutrients? A. microorganisms that live in the soil or on plant roots B. water from rain or melted snow C. weathered rocks in the soil D. grasses and other small plants

A

In a science experiment, equal-sized populations of two species of earthworms are placed in a terrarium filled with soil. Abiotic factors such as temperature and water supply are kept constant in the terrarium, as is food in the form of bread scraps. The population of each species is observed and counted each day.In agreement with the competitive exclusion principle, what is the MOST LIKELY outcome of the experiment over time? A. Only one population will thrive; the other population will decrease to zero. B. Both populations will reach the same size, which is the carrying capacity of the terrarium for earthworms. C. One population will be about twice the size of the other. D. Both populations will reach the same size, which is about half the carrying capacity of the terrarium for earthworms.

A

What should an ecologist measure in order to construct a pyramid of biomass for an ecosystem? A. the biomass in each trophic level of the food web B. the total mass of all the organisms in a representative area of the ecosystem C. the total mass of all the organisms in the ecosystem D. the number of organisms in each trophic level of the food web

A

Which statement describes ALL primary producers? A. All make energy-rich compounds that can be used by other organisms. B. All make their own food using the energy of compounds in the environment. C. All take in energy-rich compounds that were made by other organisms. D. All make their own food using the energy of sunlight.

A

Ethan is modeling food chains he observes in his local ecosystem. Which of these models represent possible food chains he might observe? Select all that apply. A. primary producer -> consumer -> consumer -> consumer -> consumer B. primary producer -> consumer -> primary producer -> consumer C. primary producer -> consumer -> consumer D. consumer -> primary producer -> consumer -> primary producer -> consumer E. consumer -> consumer -> consumer -> consumer

A and C

Photosynthesis is a biological process in which plants convert carbon dioxide gas to carbon compounds, such as glucose. The process of photosynthesis is represented in the diagram of the carbon cycle shown here.Which statements accurately relate photosynthesis to the other processes of the carbon cycle shown in the diagram? Select all of the correct statements. A. Photosynthesis is the only biological process that takes up carbon dioxide. B. Photosynthesis has the same effect on the carbon cycle as human activities. C. Photosynthesis has the same effect on the carbon cycle as geological activities. D. Photosynthesis is the only process that transfers carbon from the air to the biosphere. E. Photosynthesis is the only process of the carbon cycle that involves energy.

A and E

Joan uses a model to show how wood burns at the level of atoms and molecules. Her model tracks 840 carbon atoms that make up a small fraction of a wood sample. The table shows how the carbon atoms are converted into carbon dioxide as the wood burns over time. Which of the claims about the burning of wood is supported by Joan's model? Select all the claims that are supported. A. Matter is conserved during the burning of wood. B. Chemical energy is conserved during the burning of wood. C. Burning wood involves a series of chemical reactions that occur in one direction only. D. Burning wood involves a series of chemical reactions that occur in both the forward and reverse directions. E. Burning wood involves oxygen as well as carbon.

A,C,E

All healthy, highly productive ecosystems provide which of these essential ecosystem services that involve gases in the atmosphere? A. Increasing carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere by the action of plants and animals. B. Removing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and storing carbon in the tissues of organisms. C. Removing water vapor from the atmosphere and using it to support plant growth. D. Removing methane from the atmosphere and storing its carbon and hydrogen in the tissues of organisms.

B

Scientists classify clams as consumers. Which observation about clams provides the strongest evidence for this classification? A. Young clams are able to move from place to place. B. Clams gain energy and nutrients by filtering particles from the water. C. Clams use calcium compounds to make a hard shell. D. Clams live on the ocean floor, and sometimes survive without sunlight.

B

The diagram is a model of an energy pyramid of an ecosystem.The levels of the diagram are labeled with percentages. What do the percentages represent? A. the average energy requirement of organisms in each trophic level B. the relative amounts of energy contained by the organisms in each trophic level C. the energy lost as heat from one trophic level to the next D. the rate of conversion of light energy to chemical energy

B

Ecologists use models to illustrate the cycling of matter and flow of energy within an ecosystem.Which of the claims below does this model support? Select all the claims that are supported. A. The number of trophic levels is unlimited. B. The number of trophic levels is limited, and typically is less than 10. C. On average, about 10 percent of available energy is transferred from one trophic level to the next. D. Among consumers in an ecosystem, first-level consumers have the most available energy. E. The maximum amount of energy in a trophic level is 10,000 Joules.

B,C,D

The variety and variability of organisms is called Choose... symbiotic relationships biodiversity ecological succession population ecology . One of the benefits of this kind of variety includes ecosystem Choose... services resilience diversity succession , which is the ability of an ecosystem system to recover after a disturbance. Other benefits of healthy ecosystems include ecosystem Choose... resilience succession diversity services such as pollinating crops, regulating pests, and maintaining soil structure.

Biodiversity, Resilience, Services

The nitrogen cycle is an example of a(n) Choose... decomposer energy biogeochemical water cycle. Its processes include the conversion of atmospheric nitrogen into ammonia, which is called Choose... photosynthesis denitrification nitrogen limitation nitrogen fixation . Nitrogen is returned to the atmosphere in the process of Choose... denitrification nitrogen fixation nutrient return nitrogen limitation .

Biogeochemical, Ammonification, denitrification

Gregory is studying Lake Mairead. The lake has clear water and supports a healthy community of algae, fishes, and other aquatic organisms. Gregory hypothesizes that phosphorus is a limiting nutrient in the lake. Which experimental result provides the strongest evidence in support of the hypothesis? A. Filtering and removing phosphorus from a sample of lake water causes an increase in the growth of algae in the sample. B. Adding phosphorus-rich fertilizer to a sample of lake water causes no observable effect. C. Adding phosphorus-rich fertilizer to a sample of lake water causes an increase in the growth of algae. D. Measurements show that phosphorus is more concentrated in bottom sediments than in the lake water.

C

Much of an ocean beach is covered in sand dunes and grasses. The homeowners along the beach propose to flatten out the dunes and remove the grasses, which would allow more visitors to use the beach for swimming and sunbathing. If the homeowners' plan is enacted, which is the most likely consequence? A. purer, less salty groundwater for the beach community B. more sea turtles laying eggs on the beach C. an increase in erosion of beach sand D. an increase in the depth of beach sand

C

This diagram is a model of a biological process. Which of the following is modeled in the diagram? A. The role of photosynthesis in breaking apart carbohydrates for their energy B. The role of photosynthesis in adding carbon dioxide to the atmosphere C. The role of photosynthesis in transferring carbon from the atmosphere to the biosphere D. The role of chemosynthesis in transferring carbon dioxide from the hydrosphere to the biosphere

C

Which is an example of herbivory affecting an ecosystem? A. Tall trees block the sunlight from reaching plants on the forest floor. B. Coyotes catch slow-moving rabbits, but not the faster rabbits. C. Deer eat the stems of plants without thorns, allowing plants with thorny stems to thrive. D. Fungi break down dead organic matter, which returns nutrients to the soil.

C

Which is one way that the movement of matter through an ecosystem is different from the transfer of energy? A. Only the movement of matter involves living things. B. Only the movement of matter flows in one direction only. C. Only the movement of matter occurs in an unending cycle. D. Only the movement of matter involves feeding relationships.

C

Consumers, or heterotrophs, take in food made by other organisms. Then they break apart the food to release its energy. How do these actions of consumers contribute to the carbon cycle? A. Eating and breaking apart food converts carbon to other elements. B. Eating and breaking apart food converts other elements into carbon. C. Eating food involves taking up carbon dioxide. D. Eating and breaking apart food releases carbon dioxide as a byproduct.

D

Mr. Rojas, a biology teacher, asks his class to evaluate two examples of changes to a pond ecosystem. The table summarizes the examples. Based on the results shown in the table, Mr. Rojas's class can evaluate which property of the pond ecosystem? A. the benefits provided by biodiversity within the pond ecosystem B. the ecosystem services that the pond provides C. the climax community that will result from secondary succession D. the resilience of the pond ecosystem to different types of changes

D

Soil pH is a measure of the acid content of the soil. The graph shows the tolerance of earthworms to soil pH.In a meadow where earthworms live in the soil, the pH gradually decreases from the optimum range into the zone of stress. What is the MOST LIKELY effect on the earthworm population? A. The size of the earthworm population increases, but otherwise the population is unchanged. B. The size of the earthworm population decreases, but otherwise the population is unchanged. C. Earthworms that tolerate high pH become more common in the population. D. Earthworms that tolerate low pH become more common in the population.

D

The diagram represents four trophic levels in an ecosystem.Which of the following BEST describes how energy flows in this ecosystem? A. Energy flows through all the trophic levels and then back to the producers. B. Most of the energy from the plants is transferred to the mice, grasshoppers, and rabbits because plants don't have to search for their food. C. Birds have the most energy because energy from all the other trophic levels flows to the birds. D. About ten percent of the energy at one trophic level is passed to the next trophic level.

D

This pyramid of numbers is modeling organisms within an ecosystem.Which of the feeding interactions below is MOST LIKELY to be part of this ecosystem? A. grasses in a meadow that provide food for many small animals B. a dead whale that provides food for many ocean animals C. an algae colony that provides food for many fish D. a tree that provides food for thousands of insects

D

Yasmine states that tapeworms are common parasites of goats. Walter claims that the relationship between a tapeworm and goat should be classified as predator and prey. Which fact about tapeworms and goats is MOST useful for Yasmine to cite to refute Walter's claim? A. Tapeworms get their energy from food that they obtain from goats. B. Tapeworms benefit from their relationship with goats. C. Goats do not benefit from their relationship with tapeworms. D. Tapeworms live inside a goat's body in a close relationship with the goat.

D

The graph shows atmospheric carbon dioxide levels over time.Which two observations are most useful for explaining the trends in the data? Select two answer choices. A. Photosynthesis and cellular respiration have opposite effects on carbon dioxide levels. B. Carbon is stored in solid form in shells, rocks, and sediments. C. Atmospheric carbon dioxide may dissolve in ocean water. D. The burning of fossil fuels adds carbon dioxide to the atmosphere. E. Activities that produce or take up carbon dioxide vary with the seasons.

D and E

Drag each example to the type of biodiversity it represents.

Genetic diversity: Field mice differ from one another in fur color, fur thickness, and ear shape. Ecosystem diversity: A pond supports a variety of habitats in the water and along the shore. Species diversity: A variety of insects, snakes, and small mammals live in a meadow.

Fungi, many birds, and a wide variety of insects all share the Choose... habitat energy source symbiosis niche of a tree in the forest. Part of the Choose... symbiosis habitat tolerance niche of the fungi is to obtain energy from dead organic matter, such as dead wood. Temperatures above 0°C and sufficient water in the environment help define the range of Choose... habitat niche symbiosis tolerance for fungi.

Habitat, Niche, Tolerance

A flea and dog are an example of Choose... commensalism herbivory mutualism parasitism , because the flea irritates the dog's skin and feeds on its blood. Certain bacteria live in the digestive tract of humans, and their relationship is an example of Choose... mutualism commensalism herbivory parasitism because the bacteria help humans to break down the food they eat. Cattle egrets eat insects off the back of an elephant, which is an example of Choose... herbivory parasitism mutualism commensalism because the cattle egrets benefit without either harming or helping the elephants.

Parasitism, Mutualism, Commensalism

Identify each organism as either a primary producer or a consumer.

Primary Producers: Bacteria that perform photosynthesis, Plants, Fungi Consumers: Animals, Bacteria that perform chemosynthesis

Gerald is studying the plants and animals of a meadow. He classifies the grasses and clover as Choose... autotrophs consumers heterotrophs decomposers because they make their own food through the process of Choose... decomposition regurgitation photosynthesis chemosynthesis . He classifies insects that feed on the clover as Choose... omnivores carnivores herbivores detritivores because he thinks they eat only plant matter, not animal matter.

autotrophs, decomposition, omnivores

Carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus are examples of Choose... reservoirs compounds sediments nutrients that organisms need to stay alive. Nitrogen can be the Choose... biogeochemical cycle unnecessary element nutrient reservoir limiting nutrient in an ecosystem when its available forms are in short supply.

nutrients, biogeochemical cycle

In the open ocean, tiny organisms called Choose... bacteria decomposers phytoplankton animal plankton perform photosynthesis. They are the primary producers in many Choose... trophic levels food webs food chains ecological pyramids that overlap to form a(n) Choose... food chain trophic level ecological pyramid food web

phytoplankton, food chains, Aquatic food web