Unit 2 test
In Rome's legislative branch, plebeians served in the Assemblies while the Senate's members were consuls. tribunes. patricians. Greeks.
patricians.
The Roman philosophy of stoicism promoted mercy. self-control. pity. anger.
self-control.
Which of the following traits of Athena are responsible for her status as the patron goddess of Athens? she was a goddess of war. she was a goddess of wisdom. she was the protector of the city of Athens. she was the leader of the gods.
she was the protector of the city of Athens.
How many branches of government did the Roman Republic have? one two three four
three
Why did Romans create a written code of law? to confuse their enemies and block invasions to allow citizens to see and understand the law to spread literature throughout the republic to serve as the basis for a new religion
to allow citizens to see and understand the law
Why did the Roman Empire produce more coins? to maintain a low rate of inflation to increase individual buying power to address a high rate of inflation to fund the government and the military
to fund the government and the military
According to Christian beliefs, Jesus was sent to Earth to to promote peace and love to save mankind from sin to inspire belief in God to unify people of the world
to save mankind from sin
Jesus selected twelve men to be his disciples. What was their main role? to be Jesus's confidants to stop the persecution of Christians to spread Jesus's teachings to convert Romans
to spread Jesus's teachings
The teachings of Jesus could be best described as a focus on acceptance and love for all, especially the poor and weak true believers above all others. those who became Christian. Roman officials, to win their approval.
all, especially the poor and weak
Which list of events of the Athenian Empire is in the correct chronological order? i. A plague broke out in Athens. ii. The Peloponnesian War began. iii. Athens lost its ruler and its power. iv. The Delian League was formed. i. A plague broke out in Athens. ii. The Delian League was formed. iii. Athens lost its ruler and its power. iv. The Peloponnesian War began. i. The Delian League was formed. ii. A plague broke out in Athens. iii. Athens lost its ruler and its power. iv. The Peloponnesian War began. i. The Delian League was formed. ii. The Peloponnesian War began. iii. A plague broke out in Athens. iv. Athens lost its ruler and its power.
i. The Delian League was formed. ii. The Peloponnesian War began. iii. A plague broke out in Athens. iv. Athens lost its ruler and its power.
Which statement describes the city of Alexandria? Alexandria was a Greek city-state that invented drama and democracy. Alexandria was an Egyptian trade center and home to a diverse population. Alexandria was the capital of the Persian Empire and the home of its ruler. Alexandria was a powerful military society that started the Peloponnesian War.
Alexandria was an Egyptian trade center and home to a diverse population.
The Roman Republic began to expand when Rome fought the Punic Wars and defeated Carthage. Germany. Egypt. Greece.
Carthage.
How does Christianity differ from ancient Roman religion? Christianity has buildings for worship. Christianity offers salvation in the afterlife. Christianity is a monotheistic religion. Christianity involves elements of paganism.
Christianity is a monotheistic religion.
What was one contribution made by Eratosthenes in ancient Greece? He wrote a geometry textbook that was used for nearly 2,000 years. He calculated the value of the infinite number known as pi. He computed the circumference of planet Earth. He developed military tactics that still apply today.
He computed the circumference of planet Earth.
Which best describes the Spartan government? It had elements of democracy, oligarchy, and monarchy. It had elements of oligarchy and monarchy. It was both a democracy and a monarchy. It was a direct democracy that allowed debate.
It had elements of democracy, oligarchy, and monarchy.
Why was the spread of Christianity to non-Jews significant? It helped Christianity emerge as a separate faith. It forced Christianity to evolve to meet followers' needs. It stopped the persecution of Christians at the hands of Romans. It changed Christianity, as the religions encompassed different faiths.
It helped Christianity emerge as a separate faith.
In what way has Roman culture influenced Western civilization? Most people have adopted the Roman religion. Modern architects have adopted Roman techniques. Educated people are expected to speak Latin. Arches of triumph are found in all American cities.
Modern architects have adopted Roman techniques.
who is considered to be the most influential leader of the early christian church
Paul
Who led the Athenian Empire? Aristotle Hippocrates Pericles Socrates
Pericles
The Hellenistic Age ended with the rise of the classical era. Delian League. Persian Empire. Roman Empire.
Roman Empire.
Which statement best describes the way Romans viewed education? Roman education was reserved for slaves. Roman children of wealthy families were sent to school. Roman education focused on the humanities. Roman society looked down on education.
Roman education focused on the humanities.
Which statement best describes the role of Roman women? Roman women had many more rights than other women of the time. Roman women had the same rights as women in other societies. Roman women had fewer rights than women in other societies. Roman women had even more rights than women do today.
Roman women had many more rights than other women of the time.
What long-term economic factors led to the collapse of the Roman Empire? Trade opportunities went down, and the middle class rose significantly. Trade opportunities went up, and the middle class shrunk significantly. Taxes went down, and the gap between the rich and poor decreased. Taxes went up, and the gap between the rich and poor increased.
Taxes went up, and the gap between the rich and poor increased.
What was one cultural contribution made by the ancient Greeks? The Greeks wrote the first pieces of literature. The Greeks were the first to create epic poems. The Greeks were the first to write dramatic plays. The Greeks created the first musical instruments.
The Greeks were the first to write dramatic plays.
Which explains why Romans were upset by the emperor's decision to create more coins? The people needed more coins to buy the same amount of food as before. The people needed fewer coins to buy the same amount of food as before. The people thought merchants inflated prices because they had more money. The people realized the coins were worth more money than before.
The people needed more coins to buy the same amount of food as before.
Which aspect of government does the United States have in common with the Roman Republic? Two consuls run the executive branch. Senators are elected into office for life. There are three branches of government. Governors are chosen by members of assemblies.
There are three branches of government.
How did the Romans bring fresh water to their cities? They diverted water from the Tiber. They built a system of aqueducts. They imported water from other countries. They built dams across the Tiber.
They built a system of aqueducts.
Why did city-states in the Delian League revolt against Athens? They resented not having a say in the government. They wanted to establish a representative democracy. They feared that Athens could not protect them from Persia. They worried that Athens would not stop an attack by Sparta.
They resented not having a say in the government.
Which statement best describes the roads of the Roman Empire? They had to be built with stones provided by Rome. They were constructed to move the Roman military. They were reserved mainly for civilians, not troops. They made it difficult to govern land Rome controlled.
They were constructed to move the Roman military.
On which river was Rome located? Tigris Euphrates Nile Tiber
Tiber
Which statement best describes the population of ancient Rome? With a population of about a million, ancient Rome was a large city. Compared to cities today, Rome was more like a town or village in size. Ancient Rome was smaller than any city today. Ancient Rome was bigger than any of today's cities.
With a population of about a million, ancient Rome was a large city.
With Caesar Augustus's rise to power, Rome became a powerful empire. was invaded by outsiders. lost its battles with its enemies. ruled the entire world.
became a powerful empire.
During the Golden Age of Athens, male citizens had no control over how they were governed. could hold an office if they were chosen by lot. were elected to office as representative officials. took part in government only if they were wealthy.
could hold an office if they were chosen by lot.
Citizens participated in the government of Athens by debating issues and making decisions in the assembly. selecting politicians who represented their interests. following the laws created by rulers and other leaders. voting for laws established by appointed officials.
debating issues and making decisions in the assembly.
Julius Caesar's assassination led to the founding of the Roman Republic. beginning of Rome's expansion. fall of the Roman Empire. end of the Roman Republic.
end of the Roman Republic.
Rome began to lose territory after the Pax Romana because its military relied on untrained soldiers. expansive borders faced constant attack. stock of weapons began to run out. emperors lost control of the population.
expansive borders faced constant attack.
The shape and size of the Colosseum is much like a modern-day outdoor arena where people watch gladiator contests. golf matches. football games. basketball games.
football games.
The leader of the Athenian Empire worked to give citizens direct input into the government. create a dictatorship within the city-state. withdraw from the surrounding territories. bring together the city's elected officials.
give citizens direct input into the government.
The Founding Fathers of the United States were influenced by Cicero's ideas about polytheism. aqueducts. government. architecture.
government.
Read this law from the Twelve Tables. 23. A person who had been found guilty of giving false witness shall be hurled down from the Tarpeian Rock. It is clear from this law that the punishment for someone not telling the truth in court was mild. harsh. unclear. trivial.
harsh.
Who was forced to raise food for the soldiers? helots women free non-citizens the soldiers themselves
helots
Classical Greek sculpture was characterized by the portrayal of rough, angry ideas. idealized, lifelike bodies. strange, odd shapes. strong, fiery emotions.
idealized, lifelike bodies.
The Romans were polytheistic, meaning that they worshipped many gods. the Greeks. the concept of wealth. one god.
many gods.
The Pax Romana ended in 180 CE after over one hundred fifty years in existence. The end of this era ushered in a period of inflation. foreign wars. religious wars. political instability.
political instability.
The Via Appia was one of the earliest Roman coliseum. novels. aquaducts. roads.
roads.
By following Jesus's teachings, Christians believe they can attain inner peace. wealth and power. salvation happiness.
salvation
A mosaic like this one was made from splashes of wall paint. small, colored tiles. pieces of marble. pieces of bronze.
small, colored tiles.
Which was an achievement of the Roman Empire? banning the use of coins conquering the world starting a civil service posting the Twelve Tablets
starting a civil service
The Hellenistic Age began in Greece with the birth of Alexander the Great. the death of Alexander the Great. the start of the Peloponnesian War. the end of the Peloponnesian War.
the death of Alexander the Great.
Spartan life mainly focused on education. the military. culture. citizenship.
the military
Early Christians were persecuted for their beliefs. Which belief in particular made others suspicious of Christians? their refusal to worship Roman gods their belief in the afterlife their belief that Jesus was the son of God their acceptance of Judaism
their refusal to worship Roman gods
The Peloponnesian War lasted for almost ten years. twenty years. thirty years. forty years.
thirty years.
As inflation increased and the Roman Empire experienced greater political instability, what occurred? demands for democracy calls to divide the empire violent unrest removal of mercenaries from the army
violent unrest
After Alexander the Great invaded Egypt, the Egyptians welcomed him and crowned him pharaoh. cut off his troops and drove him out of Africa. worked to assassinate him and take back control. embraced a new leader to undermine his authority.
welcomed him and crowned him pharaoh.
One of the geographical advantages of early Rome was the ocean that completely surrounded it. were the hills and mountains that protected it. were the friendly territories located on all sides. was the tropical weather that helped plants grow.
were the hills and mountains that protected it.
The total area of Alexander III's empire stretched from Greece to the Indus River. Macedonia to the Black Sea. Macedonia to the Persian Gulf. Greece to the Mediterranean Sea.
Greece to the Indus River.
How was Julius Caesar killed? He died in battle leading troops. He was assassinated by senators. He lost a duel against a rival. He was poisoned by his soldiers.
He was assassinated by senators.
The Hellenistic Age came to an end around 300 BCE. 100 BCE. 30 BCE. 10 BCE.
30 BCE
When did Alexander the Great take the throne? 536 BCE 436 BCE 336 BCE 236 BCE
336 BCE
Democracy developed in Athens around 1,000 BCE. 500 BCE. 100 BCE. 50 BCE.
500 BCE.
Which statement best describes the empire created by Alexander the Great? Alexander conquered most of Eastern Europe, claiming territory as far north as the Baltic Sea. Alexander conquered most of Western Europe, claiming territory as far north as the North Sea. Alexander conquered most of the Mediterranean region, including parts of Africa, and advanced into Northern Europe. Alexander conquered most of the Mediterranean region, including parts of Africa, and advanced into Southern Asia.
Alexander conquered most of the Mediterranean region, including parts of Africa, and advanced into Southern Asia.
Which characteristic of government describes Athens, not Sparta? Two kings led during wartime. Only about 8 percent were citizens. Most power rested with the council. All citizens could debate any issue.
All citizens could debate any issue.
Why was Persia ultimately unsuccessful in conquering Greece? Persia had fewer soldiers than Greece to fight its battles. Athens and Sparta were unbeatable when the two were united. Persia's distance from Greece worked to its disadvantage. Persia's leadership did not match the well-trained Greeks' leadership.
Athens and Sparta were unbeatable when the two were united.
The most significant difference between Athens and Sparta was that Athens worshipped many gods, while Sparta worshipped one. Athens had a strong army, while Sparta had a strong navy. Athens focused on citizenship, while Sparta focused on the military. Athens gave women no rights, while Sparta allowed them in the military.
Athens focused on citizenship, while Sparta focused on the military.
Which statement best describes Athens's military? Both men and women served in the military. Though they served, women did not lead. Athens had a large and capable navy. Athens had a large and capable army.
Athens had a large and capable navy.
After he gained control of the Roman Empire, Constantine moved the capital to Byzantium and renamed it Constantinople. Rome and renamed it Constantinople. created a second capital in Byzantium. created a second capital in Constantinople.
Byzantium and renamed it Constantinople.
What conclusion can be drawn about the people of Athens based on the chart? Only men were allowed to become citizens. Only about half the population were citizens. Free non-citizens outnumbered enslaved persons and citizens combined. Compared to the whole population, a small number could vote.
Compared to the whole population, a small number could vote.
Who was the first Christian Roman emperor? Constantine Pontius Pilate Diocletian Herod
Constantine
Which describes a difference in the rule of Constantine and Diocletian? Constantine appeased foreign invaders by giving them land, while Diocletian went on the offensive to stop the attacks. Constantine divided the empire into western and eastern halves, while Diocletian further split the country into four regions. Constantine divided the empire and shared emperor duties, while Diocletian reunited the empire and served as sole ruler. Constantine reunited the empire and served as sole ruler, while Diocletian divided the empire and shared emperor duties.
Constantine reunited the empire and served as sole ruler, while Diocletian divided the empire and shared emperor duties.
After the fall of the Western Roman Empire, what filled the void left by the disintegration of the political structure? Dark Ages. Enlightenment. Golden Age. Renaissance.
Dark Ages.
What was one consequence of Roman expansion beginning in 300 BCE? Soldiers became less loyal to their generals. Plebeians lost their influence in government. Economic problems began to increase. Rome was no longer a center of trade.
Economic problems began to increase.
The Hellenistic civilization included a blend of Greek culture with Egyptian, Indian, and Persian influences. Egyptian, Persian, and Roman influences. English, Egyptian, and Roman influences. English, Indian, and Persian influences.
Egyptian, Indian, and Persian influences.
Which of the following had the greatest influence on early Roman culture? Christianity Egyptian practices Greek civilization Judaism
Greek civilization
Roman religion was adapted from the Carthaginians. Egyptians. Greeks. Germans.
Greeks.
Rome was strongly influenced by the culture of the Sumerians. Germans. Greeks. Assyrians.
Greeks.
It is believed that Paul was a martyr. Which answer best describes what this means? He accepted persecution rather than deny his beliefs. He sacrificed his life to spread Christianity. He died rather than deny his beliefs. He devoted himself to Christianity.
He died rather than deny his beliefs.
According to the Bible, what made the circumstances of Jesus's death unique? He was baptized at death. He was resurrected three days later. He was crucified on a wooden cross. He was given the first Christian burial.
He was resurrected three days later.
Which statement best describes the Roman language of Latin? Latin is understood today by doctors and scientists. Latin is the basis for many modern languages. Latin is an older form of modern-day English. Latin is considered to be a forgotten language.
Latin is the basis for many modern languages.
What long-term political factors led to the collapse of the Roman Empire? People began to take more interest in government affairs. People began to feel that government service was a burden. People increased support of the army under the threat of invasion. People increased support of emperors under the threat of invasion.
People began to feel that government service was a burden.
During Alexander the Great's reign, Darius III was the king of Athens. Persia. Rome. Sparta.
Persia
What is the best conclusion based on the map? The Persian Empire was the largest in the world. Persia would have to attack Athens and Sparta by land. Persia was a tiny country compared to the size of its empire. Athens and Sparta were Persia's next target in growing its empire.
Persia was a tiny country compared to the size of its empire.
Who was the Roman governor that ordered Jesus's trial and execution? Constantine Pontius Pilate Julius Caesar Herod
Pontius Pilate
What is the best title for this graph? Population Statistics for the Largest Cities of the World Population Comparison of Ancient Rome to US Cities Population Statistics for the Citizens of Ancient Rome Population Comparison of the Smallest Cities in the World
Population Comparison of Ancient Rome to US Cities
The factor that most contributed to the development of Roman civilization was Rome's language. Rome's geography. Rome's isolation from the world. Rome's foundation myth.
Rome's geography.
What was the significance of the Battle of Marathon? The Persians defeated the Athenians and took over all of ancient Greece. The Persians conquered the Athenians but were soon stopped by the Spartans. The Athenians conquered the Persians and overthrew King Darius I. The Athenians defeated the Persians and halted an invasion by King Darius I.
The Athenians defeated the Persians and halted an invasion by King Darius I.
What became of the Eastern Roman Empire after the collapse of the Western Roman Empire? The Eastern Roman Empire fell to foreign invaders too. The Eastern Roman Empire became the Byzantine Empire. The Eastern Roman Empire dissolved into small kingdoms. The Eastern Roman Empire tried to recapture the west.
The Eastern Roman Empire became the Byzantine Empire.
What was the lasting effect of the Roman Catholic Church becoming the official church of the Roman Empire? The pope continues to have the power of a king, but on a global scale. The Roman Catholic Church still largely influences European governments. The Roman Catholic Church dominated European society for one thousand years. Other religions and beliefs were never able to emerge across Europe.
The Roman Catholic Church dominated European society for one thousand years.
Which statement correctly describes the Socratic method? The Socratic method used questions to find the truth. The Socratic method used logic to make arguments. The Socratic method was a statement about ethics. The Socratic method was a statement about medicine.
The Socratic method used questions to find the truth.
Which statement best describes the Battle of Thermopylae? Three hundred Athenians famously fought to the death. The Spartans evacuated, and the Persians burned their city. The Greek navy defeated King Darius I at sea, ending the threat. The Spartans worked to stop a second Persian invasion of Greece.
The Spartans worked to stop a second Persian invasion of Greece.
What occurred in Rome after emperors minted more coins to raise money? The new coins were rejected by the officials. The new coins were rejected by the people. The new coins lost value because of inflation. The new coins lost value because of bartering.
The new coins lost value because of inflation.
Early Christianity is described as being a sect of Judaism. What is a sect? a branch of a larger religious group a religion that opposes the beliefs of another. a fundamentalist branch within a larger religious group a Christian group that operates within another religion
a branch of a larger religious group
Which best describes an ancient Greek tragedy? a play about human emotions with a sad hero a play with very satirical themes or tones a novel with a very sad or serious story a novel with a lot of action and suspense
a play about human emotions with a sad hero
During the Golden Age of Athens, a tribute was a soldier in the military. a tax paid to the empire. a city-state under Athens' rule. a leader in the government
a tax paid to the empire.
The Hellenistic Age was characterized by advancements in science and culture in the final era of ancient Greece. military campaigns that helped create one of the largest empires in history. a war between two powerful Greek city-states that lasted almost thirty years. a huge empire led by Rome that stretched from Europe into Africa and Asia.
advancements in science and culture in the final era of ancient Greece.f
The Athenian political system included an assembly. a legislature. a judicial branch. an executive branch.
an assembly.
This is a photograph of a Roman insula. aqueduct. bridge. coliseum.
aqueduct
Spartan soldiers helped save retreating members of the Greek army at the Battle of Marathon. at the Battle of Thermopylae. against a force of three hundred Persian troops. against the strength of the Athenian navy.
at the Battle of Thermopylae.
This map shows Alexander III's empire before he defeated Darius III. after he defeated Darius III. before he invaded Rome. after he invaded Rome.
before he defeated Darius III.
Jesus's disciples and followers spread the message of Christianity by writing the Old Testament. by co-opting Roman gods as a means of converting Romans. by influencing every religious leader in the Jewish faith. by traveling to speak to people across the Roman Empire.
by traveling to speak to people across the Roman Empire.
In Europe, the foreign invaders were primarily Germanic tribes and Huns. Where did the Huns originate? central Asia modern-day Hungary the British Isles Persia
central Asia
An Athenian education focused on preparation for the military. citizenship. homemaking. the clergy.
citizenship
One way Diocletian brought short-term order to Rome involved giving half of the empire to Germanic tribes. executing enemies who spoke against the empire. dividing the empire into eastern and western regions. implementing a new monetary system in the empire.
dividing the empire into eastern and western regions.
Athens placed the greatest emphasis on government. education. religion. culture.
education
Athens led a group of city-states following the end of the Persian Wars. end of the Delian League. fall of Peloponnesus. fall of Sparta.
end of the Persian Wars.
Like Rome, the United States has two houses in the legislative branch. eight praetors in the judicial branch. a list of laws called the Twelve Tables. an assembly of plebeians and soldiers.
two houses in the legislative branch.
Euclid was an ancient Greek scholar who wrote a geometry textbook that was used for nearly 2,000 years. calculated the value of the infinite number known as pi. computed the circumference of planet Earth. developed military tactics that still apply today.
wrote a geometry textbook that was used for nearly 2,000 years.