unit 2 test chemistry
Which is an intensive property of a substance? density volume length mass
a
Which state of matter is characterized by ionized particles, no definite shape or volume, and good electrical conductivity? gas liquid plasma solid
c
Which device involves the use of plasma in technology? arc welder diesel engine incandescent lightbulb battery-operated flashlight
d
The table below shows the freezing points of four substances. Substance Freezing point (°C) Benzene 5.5 Water 0 Butane -138 Nitrogen -210 The substances are placed in separate containers at room temperature, and each container is gradually cooled. Which of these substances will solidify before the temperature reaches 0°C? benzene water butane nitrogen
a
Which process is a chemical change? burning a match boiling water melting ice breaking glass
a
Which reason best explains why plasmas are good conductors of electricity? They have mobile charged particles. They are at extremely high temperatures. They are made up of particles in fixed positions. They have slow-moving nuclei that carry electricity.
a
Which is an example of a plasma that occurs in nature? a burning tree the radiant sun a melting candle an electric current
b
Which list includes only physical properties? density, reactivity, and conductivity boiling point, conductivity, and color color, odor, and flammability flammability, reactivity, and ductility
b
Which is an aspect of the kinetic-molecular theory and can be used to explain the behavior of plasmas? Particle spacing can allow a very high density. Particle kinetic energy is independent of temperature. Particles vibrate quickly in stationary positions. Particles exchange energy through elastic collisions.
d
Which is the best example of immiscible liquids? two polar liquids that have high surface tensions a polar liquid and a nonpolar liquid that have low surface tensions two nonpolar liquids that can dissolve into one another a polar liquid and a nonpolar liquid that do not dissolve into one another
d
Which of these is an example of a physical change? a banana ripening in the air hydrogen burning in the air zinc reacting with an acid liquid water turning into vapor
d
Which procedure could a student use to examine an intensive property of a rectangular block of wood? Find the mass. Record the length. Measure the volume. Determine the density.
d
A geochemist examines a piece of metal that he found in the soil. He performs tests to identify the metal from its density, electrical conductivity, and melting point. Which statement best describes his investigation? He is determining physical properties that are sufficient to identify the metal. He is determining chemical properties that are sufficient to identify the metal. He is determining physical properties that are insufficient to identify the metal. He is determining chemical properties that are insufficient to identify the metal.
a
Which of these is an example of a physical change? sugar dissolving in warm water iron rusting in the presence of moist air wood burning in the presence of oxygen baking soda reacting with acid to form a gas
a
Which statement describes an intensive property of matter? It is the same for every sample of a single substance. It depends on how a substance was formed. It is the same for every sample of every substance. It depends on the amount of substance present.
a
A student is using a copper strip and a strong chlorine solution in her experiment. Which of these is a chemical property of one of her materials? density of the copper strip reactivity of the copper strip odor of the chlorine solution color of the chlorine solution
b
Malia was able to make a paperclip float on the surface of water. What will most likely happen to the paperclip if a drop of dishwashing detergent is added near it? Soap is a surfactant that increases the intermolecular forces of water allowing the paperclip to continue to float. Soap makes the water less viscous making the paperclip sink. Soap is a surfactant that disrupts the intermolecular forces of water making the paperclip sink. Soap makes the water more viscous allowing the paperclip to continue to float.
b
Water's molar mass is 18.01 g/mol. The molar mass of glycerol is 92.09 g/mol. At 25°C, glycerol is more viscous than water. Which substance has the stronger intermolecular attraction? glycerol because it has a larger molar mass glycerol because it is more viscous and has a larger molar mass water because it has a lower molar mass water because it is less viscous and has a lower molar mass
b
What are thermal plasmas? plasmas that have particles that collide infrequently plasmas that reach a temperature equal to their surroundings plasmas that do not reach thermal equilibrium plasmas that have only a few particles ionized at any given moment
b
Which molecules would most likely cause a liquid to have the lowest viscosity? large, polar molecules small, nonpolar molecules small, polar molecules large, nonpolar molecules
b
Which of the following best identifies where long-range order would be found? in amorphous solids in crystalline solids in thermal plasmas in nonthermal plasmas
b
A substance is tested in a lab. It is found to maintain a unique shape and is a good conductor of electricity. If it is made up of electrons, protons, and neutrons, what state of matter is this substance most likely to be? gas liquid plasma solid
c
Glycerol boils at a higher temperature than water. What does this indicate about the attractive forces of glycerol? They are nonexistent. They are the same as those in water. They are stronger than those in water. They are weaker than those in water.
c
Which statement best explains why heating a liquid affects its viscosity? The molecules move faster at higher temperatures and overcome attractions more easily. The molecules move faster at higher temperatures, and the attractions between them increase. The molecules move slower at higher temperatures and overcome attractions more easily. The molecules move slower at higher temperatures, and the attractions between them decrease.
c
Substance X has a fixed volume, and the attraction between its particles is strong. Substance Y has widely spread out particles and can be compressed. What can most likely be concluded about these substances? Substance X is a crystal, and substance Y is a liquid. Substance X is a gas, and substance Y is a plasma. Substance X is a plasma, and substance Y is a crystal. Substance X is a solid, and substance Y is a plasma.
d