Unit 3 AP Psychology - Sensation and Perception

The direct link between a single cone and a single _________ preserves the fine details in the cone's message.* retina ganglion cell blind spot bipolar cell cochlea

bipolar cell

The Gestalt principle that refers to an individual's tendency to perceive an incomplete figure as whole is called* figure-ground motion parallax closure proximity shape constancy

closure

The basilar membrane is located in the* middle ear. auditory canal. semicircular canal. cochlea. feature detector.

cochlea

The ability to simultaneously recognize the color, shape, size, and speed of an oncoming automobile best illustrates* sensory interaction. kinesthesis. parallel processing. subliminal perception. blindsight.

parallel processing.

Damage to the temporal lobe area of the brain essential for facial recognition produces a loss of* perception. signal detection. transduction. accommodation. sensation.

perception

The receptor cells that convert light energy into neural signals are called* bipolar cells. ganglion cells. rods and cones. feature detectors. opponent processors.

rods and cones

The axons of ganglion cells converge to form* the basilar membrane. bipolar cells. the auditory nerve. the optic nerve. the olfactory epithelium.

the optic nerve.

The sequentially flashing Christmas tree lights appeared to generate pulsating waves of motion. This best illustrates* relative motion. retinal disparity. the phi phenomenon. frequency theory. perceptual adaptation.

the phi phenomenon.

Which of the following is most closely associated with hairlike receptors in the semicircular canals?* Body position Smell Hearing Pain Touch

Hearing

Which of the following explains reverse-color afterimages?* Young-Helmholtz trichromatic theory The blind spot Hering's opponent-process theory Feature detectors Parallel processing

Hering's opponent-process theory

Feature detectors are neurons that are turned on or off by specific features of visual stimuli like edges and movement. Where in the visual system are these feature detectors located?* Occipital cortex Retina Optic chiasm Lens Cornea

Occipital cortex

Which of the following is the correct path a neural impulse will follow through the different layers of the retina?* Ganglion cells, bipolar cells, rods and cones, optic nerve Bipolar cells, ganglion cells, rods and cones, optic nerve Optic nerve, ganglion cells, bipolar cells, optic nerve Rods and cones, ganglion cells, bipolar cells, optic nerve Rods and cones, bipolar cells, ganglion cells, optic nerve

Rods and cones, bipolar cells, ganglion cells, optic nerve

What occurs when experiences influence our interpretation of data?* Selective attention Transduction Bottom-up processing Top-down processing Signal detection theory

Top-down processing

Evidence that some cones are especially sensitive to red light, others to green light, and still others to blue light is most directly supportive of the __________ theory.* frequency Young-Helmholtz gate-control opponent-process signal detection

Young-Helmholtz

The change in the curvature of the lens that enables the eye to focus on objects at various distances is called* accommodation adaptation conduction convergence consonance

accommodation

Which of the following sensations does NOT require transduction* smell taste vision touch all require transduction

all require transduction

The rupture of an eardrum can lead to* sensorineural hearing loss. disruption of the vestibular system. felling disembodied. conduction hearing loss. change deafness.

conduction hearing loss.

Which of the following is the correct order of structures light passes through in the eye?* lens, cornea, pupil, retina, iris retina, lens, cornea, rods, cones cornea, iris, pupil, lens, retina pupil, optic nerve, retina, lens, rods pupil, cornea, retina, lens, optic nerve

cornea, iris, pupil, lens, retina

Sensation is to __________ as perception is to __________. encoding; detection detection; interpretation interpretation; organization organization; accommodation threshold; transduction

detection; interpretation

Some people are better then others at detecting slight variations in the tastes of various blends of coffee. This best illustrates the importance of* sensory adaptation. subliminal stimulation. difference threshold. parallel processing. the vestibular sense.

difference threshold.

Which process allows more light to reach the periphery of the retina?* accommodation of the lens. transduction of the blind spot. dilation of the pupil. sensory adaptation of feature detectors. focusing light effectively on the fovea.

dilation of the pupil.

Which of the following types of cells are located in the brain's occipital lobe?* rods and cones bipolar hair feature detectors cochlea

feature detectors

While attending a concert, Anthony finds that he can clearly recognize the melody coming from the lead violin above all the other instruments playing in the orchestra, even though the other instruments may be louder. Gestalt psychologists would explain Anthony's ability using the principle of* figure-ground closure simplicity constancy proximity

figure-ground

Visual information is processed by* feature detectors before it is processed by rods and cones. ganglion cells before it is processed by feature detectors. bipolar cells before it is processed by rods and cones. feature detectors before it is processed by bipolar cells. the optic nerve before it is processed by ganglion cells.

ganglion cells before it is processed by feature detectors.

The mechanical vibrations triggered by sound waves are transduced into neural impulses by* haircells. the eardrum. the oval window. the auditory cortex. the vestibular apparatus.

haircells

Dilation and constriction of the pupil are controlled by the* optic nerve. lens. retina. iris. cornea.

iris

Weber's law determines* absolute threshold. just-noticeable difference. focal length of the eye. level of subliminal messages. amplitude of sound waves.

just-noticeable difference.

The sense of smell is known as* subliminal stimulation. the vestibular sense. transduction. olfaction. the gustatory sense.

olfaction

In University of Utah driving-simulation experiments, students conversing on cell phones were slower to detect and respond to traffic signals. This best illustrates* retinal disparity. the phi phenomenon. gate-control theory. place theory. selective attention.

selective attention.

Balanced is influenced by the* cochlea basilar membrane eardrum auditory nerve semicircular canals

semicircular canals

Which theory can best explain why people respond differently to the same stimuli?* signal detection theory frequency theory opponent-process theory the Young-Helmholtz theory bottom-up theory

signal detection theory

The ability to pay attention to only one voice at a time is called* gestalt. change blindness. frequency. the cocktail party effect. sensory interaction.

the cocktail party effect.

The pitch of a sound is determined by what?* the frequency of the sound wave the amplitude of the sound wave the loudness of the sound wave the decibel level of the sound wave the vestibular level of the sound wave

the frequency of the sound wave

The semicircular canals are most directly relevant to* 2/2 hearing. kineshthesis. the vestibular sense. parallel processing. accommodation.

the vestibular sense.

The local fire department sounds the 12 o'clock whistle. The process by which your ears convert the sound waves from the siren into neural impulses is an example of* sensory adaptation. accommodation. parallel processing. transduction. sensory interaction.

transduction

The process of converting incoming physical energy into a neural code that can be processed is called* transduction sensory threshold sensory adaptation parallel processing transferred excitation

transduction

The cochlea is responsible for* protecting the surface of the eye. transforming vibrations into neural signals. transmitting vibrations received by the eardrum to the hammer, anvil, and stirrup. coordinating impulses from the rods and cones in the retina. sending messages to the brain about orientation of the head and body.

transforming vibrations into neural signals.

The feature detectors identified by Hubel and Wiesel respond to specific aspects of ________ stimulation.* vestibular visual auditory olfactory kinesthetic

visual

Light's __________ is the distance from one wave peak to the next. This dimension determines the __________ we experience.* hue; wavelength wavelength; hue hue; intensity wavelength; intensity intensity; wavelength

wavelength; hue

Gate-control theory refers to* which pain messages are perceived. interfering sound waves, causing some waves to be undetected. the gate at the optic chiasm controlling the destination hemisphere for visual information from each eye. how our minds choose to use either bottom-up or top-down processing. which sensory impulses are transmitted first from each sense.

which pain messages are perceived.