Unit 3 exam clicker questions

Which psychoanalyst believed that much of behavior is driven by efforts to conquer feelings of childhood inferiority?

Alfred Adler

Carlos is extremely self-conscious about his weight. Often, he starves himself for days and works-out 7 days a week for hours on end. Despite his behavior, he still feels fat (though he is considerably underweight). What disorder might Carlos be suffering from?

Anorexia nervosa

Which personality disorder is characterized by a lack of conscience for wrongdoing and may involve aggressive and ruthless acts?

Antisocial personality disorder

Monika is very sensitive to what others think of her and sometimes hesitant to create new relationships because of a fear of rejection, though she desires friendship. Which personality disorder might she be suffering from?

Avoidant personality disorder

Stressful life events like the loss of a job are most likely to increase one's risk of:

depression

The study of environmental influences on gene expression that occur without a DNA change is called (the):

epigenetics

The tendency for people who have first agreed to a small request to comply later with a larger request is called (the):

foot-in-the-door phenomenon

MaryAnn is about to try snowboarding for the first time. She has done well skiing before and believes she will perform exceptionally. MaryAnn has (a):

high self efficacy

Which of the following is TRUE regarding aggression?

high testosterone is linked to aggression

Compared with those who suffer no disorder, those with alcohol use disorder have a ________ risk of committing suicide. Compared with the general population, those who have been depressed have a ________ risk of committing suicide.

higher;higher

A psychological disorder is a syndrome marked by a clinically significant disturbance:

in a person's cognitive, emotion regulation, or behaviors

Cocaine may ________ symptoms of schizophrenia by ________ dopamine levels.

increase; increasing

Shaina just moved to a new country, and despite being a bit homesick, she loves that she can be herself and exercise her independence. Shaina would be defined as (a/an):

individualist

Kelly is a Republican and Carlos is a Democrat. Both believe that the members of their own political party are more fair-minded and trustworthy than members of any other party. This belief best illustrates:

ingroup bias

A hyperactive, wildly optimistic state in which dangerously poor judgment is common is called:

mania

The phenomenon that repeated exposure to novel stimuli will increase our liking of them is called (the):

mere exposure effect

When we are influenced because we desire to gain approval and avoid disapproval, it is called:

normative social influences

Which of the following statements about psychological disorders is TRUE?

one in four Americans suffers from a mental disorder in a given year

Tamarah claims to learn a lot from and really enjoy her psychology professor. Her friends believe this is more due to the fact that her psychology professor has a British accent, which Tamarah finds appealing. This is an example of (the):

peripheral route persuasion

The MMPI is an example of a(n):

personality inventory

We have a tendency to explain the behavior of strangers we have observed in only one type of situation in terms of ________ and to explain our own behavior in terms of ________.:

personality traits; situational constraints

Which refers to an unjustifiable attitude toward a group and its members?

prejudice

Which defense mechanism, currently referred to as the false consensus effect, is characterized by disguising one's own threatening impulses by attributing them to others?

projection

A controversial, rare disorder in which conscious awareness becomes separated from previous memories, thoughts, and feelings is called:

Dissociative disorder

Tanya unknowingly switches her thinking and behavior from that of an 18 year-old American female to a 5 year old-Cuban boy. Witnesses claim it's like observing two different people. Tanya may be suffering from:

Dissociative identity disorder

Which part of the personality structure strives to satisfy basic sexual and aggressive drives?

Id

Marcus has unpredictable episodes of anxiety where he can't breathe and feels like he's having a heart attack. Though these feelings are temporary, they fill him with dread and worry. Which disorder might Marcus be suffering from?

Panic disorder

Which of the following would be considered a projective test of personality?

Rorschach inkblot test

Psychoanalysis refers to the personality theory and therapeutic practices developed by:

Sigmund Freud

Which of the following is FALSE regarding suicide rates?

Suicide rates across the years have not changed

Kaylee is so afraid of snakes that she avoids most outdoor activities and even refuses to spend time in her own backyard alone. Kaylee appears to suffer from:

a specific phobia

Freud believed children progress through _____, which is when the id's pleasure-seeking energies are focused on distinct erogenous zones.

psychosexual stages

The interacting influences of behavior, internal cognition, and environment is called (the):

reciprocal determinism

The expectation that others will help, not hurt, those who have helped them is called (the):

reciprocity norm

The criticism most likely to be made regarding the use of antianxiety drugs as an ongoing treatment is that they may:

reduce symptoms without resolving underlying problems

Compulsive fretting and overthinking about problems and their causes are characteristic of:

rumination

Which of the following is a common symptom of a depressive disorder?

rumination

Which of the following explains why some individuals lashed out at innocent Arab-Americans following 9/11?

scapegoat theory

The center of personality is considered (the):

self

Helen has a happy marriage, a job where she feels secure, and a strong self-esteem; however, she still feels as though she has not yet fulfilled her full potential. According to Maslow, Helen is seeking:

self-actualization

Disparaging or belittling a despised outgroup provides people with a heightened sense of:

self-esteem

During football season, when a team loses, fans will believe that factors other than team performance (such as poor officiating) were responsible for the loss. This best illustrates:

self-serving bias

Jonathan brags about his amazing driving skills as inborn talent, yet discounts the accident he got into last week as the other driver's fault. This is an example of (the):

self-serving bias

Which refers to the finding that people in a group exert less effort when pooling their efforts towards attaining a common goal than when individually accountable?

social loafing

In comparing the major personality theories, which argues that our behavior in one situation is best predicted by considering our past behavior in similar situations?

social-cognitive

Clark's personality is both sociable/outgoing and easy going/carefree. Which of the Eysenck factors would characterize his traits?

stable; extraverted

If Helen incorrectly believes that all college students are lazy, this would be an example of (a)?

stereotype

The attitude of total acceptance toward another person is called (a):

unconditional positive regard

The theory that we explain someone's behaviors by crediting either the situation or the person's disposition is called (the):

attribution theory

The DSM-5 is most clearly designed to ________ psychological disorders.

classify

The discomfort we feel when our thoughts and behaviors are inconsistent is called:

cognitive dissonance

Naobi knows that she shouldn't smoke and that it's unhealthy. When her friends peer pressure her into trying a cigarette, she gives in but feels guilty. Later she rationalizes her behavior by stating it wasn't that bad. This is an example of (the):

cognitive dissonance theory

Which of the following involves a deep, affectionate attachment we feel for those with whom our lives are intertwined?

companionate love

Washing one's hands 100 times a day would be an example of (a/an):

compulsion

Luke suffers from acrophobia, a fear of high places. His therapist suggests that his reaction to heights is a generalization of the fear triggered by a childhood playground accident in which he fell off a jungle gym. The therapist's suggestion indicates that he believes Luke's fear results from:

conditioning

Robert arrives to class and sees everyone else has left their coats on. Thinking that maybe he has forgotten about a trip or something, Robert decides to leave his on too as he gets seated. This is an example of:

conformity

While pledging a sorority or a fraternity, what may occur during rush week?

-Deindividuation -Group polarization -Groupthink

Which of the following is a symptom of schizophrenia?

-Disturbed perceptions -Disorganized thinking and speech -Diminished and inappropriate emotions

What is true regarding suicide rates?

-There are racial differences in suicide rates. -Suicide risk increases with age. -National differences in suicide rates exist.

Which statement about companionate love is true?

Companionate love grows slowly throughout a relationship.

Which disorder is characterized by significant episodes of overeating, followed by distress, disgust, or guilt (without compensatory purging or fasting):

Binge-eating disorder

Harold notices that several of his family members suffer from psychological disorders. Which disorder should he be most concerned about, given heritability estimates?

Bipolar disorder

Which of the following statements regarding the Big Five personality dimensions is TRUE?

Brain structure is related to several Big Five traits

Altruism is best described as:

behaving unselfishly to enhance the welfare of others

Attitudes are ________ that guide behavior.

belief-based feelings

An increased liking for an unfamiliar stimulus following repeated experience with it is known as:

the mere exposure effect