Unit 3: Nutrition Essentials 3rd Edition
The Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL) for a nutrient is the ________. a) highest average amount that is unlikely to harm most people when consumed daily b) precise amount that has been proven to cure the nutrient's deficiency disorder in humans c) amount that meets the nutrient needs of 98% of the population d) minimum amount that can be tolerated on an empty stomach when consumed as a dietary supplement
a) highest average amount that is unlikely to harm most people when consumed daily
Most food guides classify products made from soybeans in the _____ group. a) protein foods b) nutrient-dense c) fruit and vegetable d) other foods
a) protein foods
According to 2015-2020 Dietary Guidelines for Americans, people should avoid eating _______ because the fish can be high in methylmercury. a) shark b) catfish c) sea bass d) carp
a) shark
According to MyPlate, 8-year-old Drew should consume 1½ cups of food equivalents from the fruit group daily. He loves raisins and other dried fruit. To meet the MyPlate recommended fruit intake, Drew would like to substitute some dried fruit for 1 cup of fruit. Based on this information, he should consume _____. a) ½ cup b) 1¼ cups c) ¾ cup d) 1 cup
b) 1¼ cups
According to the 2015-2020 Dietary Guidelines for Americans, healthy people should limit their sodium intake to less than _____ mg/day. a) 300 b) 2300 c) 1000 d) 4300
b) 2300
One day, Donnie ate snacks that included peanut butter on crackers, a bowl of chocolate pudding made with low-fat milk, a sugar-sweetened soft drink, and a hard-cooked egg. Which of these foods is a major source of empty calories in Americans' diets? a) Hard-cooked egg b) Soft drink c) Chocolate pudding d) Peanut butter
b) Soft drink
For people who are over 4 years of age, the Daily Value for added sugars is 50 g/day. According the Nutrition Facts panel, a serving of chocolate-flavored crackers supplies 5.0 g added sugars. Based on this information, a serving of these crackers provides _____%DV of added sugars. a) 5\ b) 20 c) 10 d) 15
c) 10
According to MyPlate, Felicia should consume 2 cups of food equivalents from the fruit group daily. Felicia loves grapefruit juice. How much 100% grapefruit juice should she consume to meet the MyPlate recommendation? a) 1½ cups b) ½ cup c) 2 cups d) 2½ cups
c) 2 cups
Three-year-old Amanda doesn't like to drink milk, but she'll eat American (processed) cheese. According to MyPlate, Amanda should consume the equivalent of 2 cups of dairy products daily. To meet this recommendation, Amanda can consume ______ ounces of American cheese daily. a) 2 b) 4 c) 2.5 d) 3.5
c) 2.5
Edmond wants to eat enough salad greens in one meal to equal 1½ cups of cooked vegetables. According to MyPlate recommendations, how much of the greens should he eat? a) 1½ cups b) ½ cup c) 3 cups d) 2 cups
c) 3 cups
Which of the following dietary supplements is an herbal product that is highly toxic and can damage the liver? a) Ginger b) Garlic c) Kava d) Echinacea
c) Kava
Which of the following dietary supplements is an herbal product that is highly toxic or contains cancer-causing material? a) Fish oil b) Garlic c) Pennyroyal d) Vitamin C
c) Pennyroyal
According to MyPlate, Erika should consume the equivalent of 3 cups of milk daily. She wants to substitute plain yogurt for 2 cups of milk. How much plain yogurt should she eat? a) Five cups b) Three cups c) Two cups d) Four cups
c) Two cups
Which of the following foods isn't in a major food group of MyPlate? a) Soy "mik" beverage b) Tofu c) Refined ready-to-eat cereal d) Butter
d) Butter
Kristan uses % DVs to help plan nutritious menus with various packaged foods. She should try to obtain at least 100% of the Daily Value for which of the following nutrients? a) Cholesterol b) Sodium c) Water d) Potassium
d) Potassium
While in college, Rachael gained several pounds of body fat. She wants to use the recommendations of the 2015-2020 Dietary Guidelines for Americans to achieve a healthy body weight. According to these guidelines, she should ________. a) eat grapefruit and other foods that increase the metabolic rate b) increase her intake of protein-rich foods c) consume fewer potassium-rich foods d) become more physically active
d) become more physically active
Some food guides classify dried beans and peas with ________. a) fruits b) oils c) dairy products d) seeds and nuts
d) seeds and nuts
In general, food guides don't group _____ with dairy foods. a) American cheese b) frozen yogurt c) ice cream d) unsalted butter
d) unsalted butter
Mickey wants to increase her intake of potassium without taking a dietary supplement. When she shops for food, she reads Nutrition Facts labels. Which of the following kinds of information will help her choose foods that are good sources of potassium? a) %DVs b) Country of origin information c) Organic food logo d) Structure/function claims
a) %DVs
According to MyPlate, Chloe should consume 2½ cups of foods from the vegetable group daily. She wants to substitute enough vegetable juice to equal 2 cups of cooked vegetables. Based on this information, Chloe should drink _____ of the juice. a) 2 cups b) 1½ cups c) 2½ cups d) ½ cup
a) 2 cups
Which of the following dietary supplements is an herbal product that is highly toxic or contains cancer-causing material? a) Comfrey b) Garlic c) Potassium d) Vitamin E
a) Comfrey
Which of the following menu items has ingredients that only represent three different MyPlate food groups? a) Cooked oatmeal cereal made with fat-free milk, dotted with butter, and topped with sliced peaches and fresh blueberries b) Tuna casserole made with canned tuna, cream, bread crumbs, mayonnaise, and cooked macaroni c) Toasted cheese sandwich made with Swiss cheese, mayonnaise, butter, and two slices of whole-wheat bread d) Fruit smoothie made with vanilla yogurt, orange juice, and a ripe banana
a) Cooked oatmeal cereal made with fat-free milk, dotted with butter, and topped with sliced peaches and fresh blueberries
Which of the following standards can help you compare nutrient contents of packaged foods to make more healthful choices? a) DVs b) ULs c) AIs d) RDAs
a) DVs
Which of the following statements is true? a) Daily Values are dietary standards developed for food labeling purposes. b) Daily Values are nutrient recommendations that are based on the EERs for adults. c) If you do not consume 100% of the Daily Values for nutrients, you have a high risk of developing nutritional deficiency disorders. d) Daily Values have been established for each nutrient.
a) Daily Values are dietary standards developed for food labeling purposes.
To establish a nutrient's RDA, nutrition scientists add a "margin of safety" amount to its _______. a) EAR b) UL c) AI d) %DV
a) EAR
Which of the following products is a popular dietary supplement among American adults? a) Fish oil b) Pennyroyal c) Kava d) Green tea extract
a) Fish oil
In the United States, which agency is responsible for regulating the kinds of information that can be displayed on food product labels? a) Food and Drug Administration b) Federal Trade Commission c) Federal Communications Commission d) Environmental Protection Agency
a) Food and Drug Administration
Tabitha is a 19-year-old African American who wants to follow recommendations of the 2015-2020 Dietary Guidelines for Americans. According to the guidelines, Tabitha should ________. a) take a dietary supplement that contains vitamin A daily b) limit her intake of added sugars to less than 10% of her total caloric intake c) reduce her sodium intake to 2500 mg/day d) drink at least two servings of alcohol daily
b) limit her intake of added sugars to less than 10% of her total caloric intake
A nutrient requirement is the ________. a) recommended amount of a nutrient that will prevent chronic diseases b) smallest amount of a nutrient that maintains a defined level of nutritional health c) highest amount of a nutrient that ensures optimal nutritional status without causing toxicity d) amount of a nutrient that the body needs to function along with a "margin of safety" amount
b) smallest amount of a nutrient that maintains a defined level of nutritional health
Brandon uses %DVs to help plan nutritious menus with various packaged foods. He should limit his daily intake of _____ to less than the Daily Value. a) calcium b) sodium c) fiber d) potassium
b) sodium
According to the Nutrition Facts panel on a package of frozen mango slices, a serving of fruit provides approximately 20% of the DV for potassium. The DV for potassium is 4700 mg. Approximately how many mg of potassium are in a serving of the mango slices? a) 235 b) 375 c) 940 d) 630
c) 940
Which of the following recommendations is an overarching guideline of the 2015-2020 Dietary Guidelines for Americans? a) Incorporate whole grains into meals. b) Focus on consuming more fish and seafood. c) Follow a healthy eating pattern across the life span. d) Reduce salt intake to 2300 mg per day.
c) Follow a healthy eating pattern across the life span.
Scientists conducted a study to determine how much vitamin E is toxic to adult humans. During the first two weeks of the study, members of the treatment group drank only a nutritionally complete formula diet that contained 30 mg of vitamin E/day (the adult RDA for the vitamin is 15 mg). At that point, all members reported feeling fine. Over the following weeks, the scientists gradually increased amounts of vitamin E in the formula and continued to monitor the participants' health. Within a few days of consuming a formula that supplied 1.1 g of vitamin E/day, 90% of the participants reported feeling ill, and they complained of bruising easily. Based on this information, the researchers concluded that the ________. a) UL for vitamin E was less than 1,100 mg/day b) EER for vitamin E was 1.1 g/day c) RDA for vitamin E is too low d) AI for vitamin E is between 1.0 and 1.1 mg/day
a) UL for vitamin E was less than 1,100 mg/day
A team of scientists extracts a chemical that they call "Zombia" from the leaves of a common house plant. One of the scientists would like to market Zombia as a dietary supplement because it makes people sleepy, when it's injected into them. Based on this information, Zombia ________. a) cannot be marketed as a dietary supplement because it's an injected substance b) can be marketed as a dietary supplement, but only if it's promoted as a conventional food item c) can be marketed as a dietary supplement because it's from a plant d) cannot be marketed as a dietary supplement because it's widely available in nature
a) cannot be marketed as a dietary supplement because it's an injected substance
The label on a bag of salt-free pretzels indicates that they are "low-fat." This means the pretzels provide _____ gram(s) of fat or less per serving. a) 5 b) 3 c) 7 d) 1
b) 3
The RDA for a nutrient meets about ______ of the population's need for the nutrient. a) 100-105% b) 97-98% c) 100% d) 50%
b) 97-98%
Which of the following statements about organic foods is true? a) According to the EPA, fertilizers made from refinery oil can be used to stimulate the growth of crops that are intended for sale as "organic." b) According to the results of studies, organically grown food crops aren't more nutritious than conventionally grown food crops. c) According to the FDA, free-range chickens (chickens allowed to roam around the farm) should be labeled as "organic" after the birds are processed for food. d) Under certain conditions, corn and soybean crops that are treated with synthetic pesticides and fertilizers can be labeled as "100% organic."
b) According to the results of studies, organically grown food crops aren't more nutritious than conventionally grown food crops.
Mattie wants to use organic farming methods. Which of the following steps can she take to grow organic produce and raise organic poultry on her farm? a) Give chicks a hormone that speeds up their growth rate. b) Harvest peaches from trees that have been sprayed with a pesticide made from flowers. c) Allow chicken to roam around the farm for at least 2 hours daily. d) Spread fertilizer made by a company that combines mineral elements obtained by refining oil.
b) Harvest peaches from trees that have been sprayed with a pesticide made from flowers.
Which of the following menu items has ingredients that only represent four different MyPlate food groups? a) Toasted cheese sandwich made with American cheese, Swiss cheese, mayonnaise, and two slices of buttered, whole-wheat bread b) Hot oatmeal cereal made with 2% milk and topped with sliced peaches, fresh raspberries, and chopped walnuts c) Stir-fry made with chicken, brown rice, green peas, broccoli, and onions d) Smoothie made with tofu, vanilla yogurt, orange juice, fresh strawberries, bananas, and peaches
b) Hot oatmeal cereal made with 2% milk and topped with sliced peaches, fresh raspberries, and chopped walnuts
Which of the following statements is true? a) Butter is classified as a full-fat dairy food. b) Olives may be grouped with oils. c) Most food guides classify milk in the protein foods group. d) Eggs are generally classified with milk products.
b) Olives may be grouped with oils.
Which of the following menu items has ingredients that only represent four different MyPlate food groups? a) Toasted cheese sandwich made with slices of American and cheddar cheese, mayonnaise, and two slices of buttered whole-wheat bread b) Sandwich made with salmon salad on a whole-grain bun, topped with tomato slices and a slice of processed cheese c) Hot cereal made with water and topped with raspberries, blueberries, chopped walnuts, and a sliced banana d) Smoothie made with vanilla yogurt, fat-free milk, orange juice, bananas, and fresh peaches
b) Sandwich made with salmon salad on a whole-grain bun, topped with tomato slices and a slice of processed cheese
Which of the following menu items has ingredients that represent all MyPlate food groups? a) Smoothie made with vanilla yogurt, low-fat milk, peanut butter, orange juice, and fresh baby spinach b) Spinach salad made with a hard-cooked egg, diced pears, cooked macaroni, and cheddar cheese c) Ready-to-eat cereal with strawberries, blueberries, banana, almond slices, and fat-free milk d) Sandwich made with Swiss cheese, cooked ham, mayonnaise, sliced tomato, and two slices of buttered whole-wheat bread
b) Spinach salad made with a hard-cooked egg, diced pears, cooked macaroni, and cheddar cheese
Which of the following statements is true? a) People who consume less than the Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL) for calcium have a higher than average risk of developing calcium toxicity. b) The Estimated Energy Requirement (EER) represents the average energy needs of a healthy person. c) People who consume 95% of the Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) for vitamin A regularly have a high risk of developing signs and symptoms of vitamin A deficiency.
b) The Estimated Energy Requirement (EER) represents the average energy needs of a healthy person.
Which of the following statements is true? a) By comparing the RDAs list on food labels, you can plan more nutritious meals. b) You can use AIs and RDAs to evaluate the nutritional adequacy of your diet. c) To achieve optimal nutritional health, you should strive to consume 300% of the RDA or AI for each nutrient. d) Your requirement for vitamin C is the same amount as the RDA for vitamin C.
b) You can use AIs and RDAs to evaluate the nutritional adequacy of your diet.
According to the 2015-2020 Dietary Guidelines for Americans, _____ should be consumed in amounts that are as low as possible. a) grilled meats b) cholesterol c) dietary supplements d) potassium
b) cholesterol
Which of the following statements is true? a) Daily Values are designed to help medical experts determine the nutritional adequacy of Americans' diets. b) To avoid developing iron deficiency, each day you need to consume foods that supply at least 100% of the RDA for iron. c) Most healthy people whose diets supply enough vitamin C to meet the RDA for the nutrient aren't at risk of developing the vitamin's deficiency disease. d) Registered dietitian nutritionists determine a population's nutrient intakes by relying on MyPlate recommendations.
c) Most healthy people whose diets supply enough vitamin C to meet the RDA for the nutrient aren't at risk of developing the vitamin's deficiency disease.
Which of the following statements about organic foods is true? a) According to the EPA, fertilizers made from refinery oil can be used to stimulate the growth of crops that are intended for sale as "organic." b) According to the FDA, chickens that weren't kept in cages while they were alive can be labeled as "organic" after the birds are processed for food. c) Products from crops that were treated with manufactured pesticides cannot be labeled as "organic." d) Milk from cows that were given a hormone to stimulate milk production can be sold as "organic."
c) Products from crops that were treated with manufactured pesticides cannot be labeled as "organic."
Today, the only food Meghan ate was 16 ounces of lemon-flavored yogurt, 8 ounces of cooked turkey, and 2 cups of ready-to-eat cereal. According to MyPlate, she ate nothing from the food group that includes ________. a) eggs b) soy "milk" beverage c) strawberries d) whole-grain pasta
c) strawberries
Which of the following menu items has ingredients that only represent two different MyPlate food groups? a) Tuna-noodle casserole made with canned tuna, bread crumbs, cheddar cheese, mayonnaise, and egg noodles b) Fruit smoothie made with vanilla yogurt, orange juice, fresh peaches, and fresh baby spinach c) Cheese sandwich made with American cheese, mayonnaise, slice of tomato, and 2 slices of whole-wheat bread d) Cooked oatmeal cereal made with water and served with 2 slices of whole-grain, buttered toast
d) Cooked oatmeal cereal made with water and served with 2 slices of whole-grain, buttered toast
A nutrition scientist wants to develop a nutritionally complete formula diet for adults who need to boost their nutrient intakes. Which of the following is a dietary standard that he's likely to use to develop the new formula? a) Dietary Guidelines b) MyPlate c) %DVs d) RDAs
d) RDAs
Which of the following statements is true? a) Most Americans should consume 50% of the EAR for each nutrient to avoid developing nutrient deficiency diseases. b) A person who meets the EER that's been determined for his or her particular racial and/or ethnic ancestry will gain at least two pounds/week. c) To avoid developing nutrient toxicity disorders, people should consume less than the ULs for nutrients. d) Registered dietitian nutritionists generally use Daily Values to evaluate the nutritional adequacy of diets.
d) Registered dietitian nutritionists generally use Daily Values to evaluate the nutritional adequacy of diets.
An Estimated Average Requirement (EAR) is the ________. a) range of intake for a particular nutrient that is not likely to cause toxicity or deficiency b) optimal amount of a nutrient that 100% of the population can safely consume daily c) minimum amount of a nutrient that prevents the nutrient's deficiency disease in 98% of the population d) amount of a nutrient that meets the needs of 50% of healthy people in a particular population
d) amount of a nutrient that meets the needs of 50% of healthy people in a particular population
Food guides usually classify mayonnaise with _____. a) spices b) peanut butter c) ice cream d) oils
d) oils
Trisha was a participant in a clinical study to determine how much vitamin C is required by young women. During the study, Trisha consumed only a formula diet that was nutritionally complete, except it did not contain vitamin C. Within a few weeks, she developed signs and symptoms of vitamin C deficiency. At that point, researchers gave 1 mg vitamin C to Trisha each day for a week, but her signs and symptoms of the deficiency remained. The next week, the scientists added 2 mg vitamin C to her daily diet, so that her formula contained 3 mg of the vitamin. By the end of that week, Trisha was still sick. Eventually, her formula supplied 10 mg vitamin C/day. Within a week of drinking this formula, Trisha reported feeling much better. Based on this information, the researchers concluded that the young woman ________. a) was consuming the AMDR for vitamin C, which for her, was between 2 and 10 mg b) suffered from vitamin C toxicity c) had an RDA of 10 mg for the vitamin, which included a margin of safety amount of 5 mg d) required about 10 mg vitamin C
d) required about 10 mg vitamin C
Hillary consumed 3 servings of an orange-flavored sugar-sweetened soft drink that provided 140 kcal/serving. According to MyPlate, these drinks should be classified as ________. a) carbohydrate-rich foods b) watery fluids c) fruit juices d) sources of empty calories
d) sources of empty calories