Unit 3 quizzes combined

Selecting participants for qualitative research is associated with which one of the following?

who can help answer the question

Comparing the literature review to a systematic review, which statement applies to the systematic review?

includes 10 to 50 pages

Which of the following techniques shows that the qualitative researcher was concerned with trustworthiness during data analysis?

clarification of research bias

The _____ step of a systematic review includes having reviewers agree whether to use the study.

eligibility

Select the true statement.

A test can be reliable, but not valid

Systematic review and meta-analysis have distinct differences. Which of the following describes a systematic review and not a meta-analysis?

research terms of at least two extract independently

The internal validity of an experimental design is concerned with what question?

Did the independent variable really produce a change in the dependent variable?

A qualitative research technique involves interviews of small numbers of participants in a group setting. These groups are called

focus groups

A major difference in the purpose of a meta-analysis and a review of literature for a research paper is that the meta-analysis uses the literature

for empirical and theoretical conclusions

Reliability of a measure may be established by

giving the test to the same people on two different occasions and correlating the two sets of scores

_____ is the number of people that have a disease at a point in time; ______ is the number of new cases or deaths within a specified period of time

prevalence; incidence

Before conducting the literature search for a systematic review, which of the following should be determined?

what will be included (e.g., theses, dissertations, English-only journals)

For scores from a test to have good content validity, which of the following statements must be true?

The test adequately samples what was covered in the course and the percentage of points for each topic area reflects the amount of emphasis given that topic

In meta-analysis of 100 studies that compared boys' and girls' knowledge of AIDS, an average ES of 0.50 was found. This number represents

a difference of 0.50 standard deviation units

How the qualitative researcher deals with changes determines the _____ of the data

dependability

Select the term below most closely associated with "will the results apply to other populations?"

external validity

Select the term below most closely associated with "the correlation could be explained by a variable that was not controlled."

extraneous variable

Which pair is most similar?

analytical narrative and analytical memoing

Which of the following best distinguishes meta-analysis?

calculation of a standard metric for statistical analysis

A type of study that matches individuals with and without disease on factors such as age and ethnicity is the

case-control study

Distribution is a component of epidemiology research. Distribution is associated with all the following except

characteristics associated with change

A study is designed to determine whether the addition of programmed instruction will produce greater achievement scores than the traditional lecture-discussion method. Participants are randomly assigned to two instructional groups. Both groups are tested at the end of the experimental period. What statistical test is indicated?

t test

Which of the following is not a criterion for cause and effect:

the condition is necessary but not sufficient to produce the effect

Reliability is defined as

the consistency/reproducibility of the test

A _______-score is a standardized score with the formula: (x - Mean)/SD

Z

A study design uses, for example, two groups of people representing a disease-fee population who are then classified as exercisers and non-exercisers. After a period of time, the mortality rates of each group are compared. The design is called

a cohort study

In a research study in which the treatment involved quite intense physical training, 40% of the participants in the treatment group dropped out as compared with 5% of the control group. This threat to internal validity is called

experimental mortality

It is common when looking at a distribution to encounter extreme or unusual scores that could have a misleading effect on the results. These extreme scores are termed

outliers

A friend has a membership at a fitness club and can bring a guest. He invited several friends and one says, "Ok, I will try it even though I have never been to a club or done fitness but I have nothing else to do." What is the best descriptor for the friend's behavior?

physical activity

_____ is the administration of a false treatment

placebo

Validity is defined as

the degree to which a test or instrument measures what it purports to measure

Logical validity is also called

face validity

______ is when, in qualitative research, the investigator shares conclusions with the participants and asks for feedback

member checking

The descriptive, analytical narratives that are a trademark of qualitative research are also called

narrative vignettes

The first solid evidence that low levels of physical activity increased the risk of heart disease and overall mortality was established in which decade?

1980s

The accuracy with which a 12-minute run estimates maximal oxygen consumption in a group of male high school seniors represents

concurrent validity

The degree to which instruments (like questionnaires) successfully assess abstractions such as "sportsmanship" or "happiness" is called

construct validity

Just before the posttest, students in the control group were shown a film in another class that related directly to the subject matter being studied in the treatment group. This represents what kind of threat to internal validity?

history

An important advantage of the qualitative method is that

it is more likely than other methods to lead to new insights about the problem

In the article titled "Associations of Light, Moderate, and Vigorous Intensity Physical Activity With Longevity: The Harvard Alumni Heath Study" (Lee & Paffenbarger, 2000), which of the following is an outcome?

mortality

A double-blind experiment is one in which

neither the researcher nor the participants know which participants receive the experimental treatment

The one characteristic of true experimental designs that pre experimental and quasi-experimental designs do not have is

random assignment to groups

If a thermometer measured the temperature in an oven as 400 degrees five days in a row when the temperature was actually 337 degrees, this measuring instrument would be considered

reliable but not valid

Determinants of disease are often called

risk factors

The interpretation of data in qualitative research always involves some form of

sorting and categorizing

The fact that a meta-analysis quantifies finding from many studies is a frequently mentioned advantage. Another strong advantage of the meta-analysis over the normal review paper is

the description of the coding of study characteristics and the criteria for excluding studies

The major weakness of epidemiological studies is

the inability to experimentally establish cause and effect

Using independent sources of data to support a conclusion is called _____ in qualitative research

triangulation

How does a systematic review reduce bias?

using two or more reviewers

The length of time of a given session of activity is called

duration