unit 4 apush test
Which of the following amendments gave all men, regardless of color, the right to vote? A - 15th B - 14th C - 13th D - 16th
A - 15th
Southern whites responded to the end of slavery by enacting A - Black Codes B- the Civil Rights Act of 1866 C - the Freedman's Bureau D - the Ordinance of Nullification
A - Black Codes
Which of the following pairs identified with the Radical Republicans? A - Charles Sumner and Thaddeus Stevens B - Lyman Trumbell and Nathan Bedford Forrest C - James M. Pike and Hiram Revels D - President Lincoln and Andrew Johnson
A - Charles Sumner and Thaddeus Stevens
Which of the following statements describes the Freedmen's Bureau, which originated in 1865? A - It was a welfare agency created by Congress to help ex-slaves adjust to freedom and secure their basic civil rights. B - Created by private citizens, the agency provided aid to former slaves. C - Founded by ex-Confederate states, the organization helped rebuild the South. D - It was originally proposed in Lincoln's Ten Percent Plan, which Congress defeated.
A - It was a welfare agency created by Congress to help ex-slaves adjust to freedom and secure their basic civil rights.
The Supreme Court's decision in the Dred Scott case in 1857 effectively repealed the A - Missouri Compromise B - Fugitive Slave Act C - Ostend Manifesto D - Wilmot Proviso E - Eleventh Amendment to the Constitution
A - Missouri Compromise
Which of the following developments was most directly connected to the collapse of the Whig Party in United States politics during the 1850s? A - The escalation of tensions between proslavery and antislavery factions B - Abraham Lincoln's debates with Stephen Douglas over popular sovereignty C - The rejection of Manifest Destiny by a growing percentage of American people D - Disagreement over the constitutionality of federal internal improvements funding
A - The escalation of tensions between proslavery and antislavery factions
Which of the following best describes the position on slavery of most northerners during the sectional crises of the 1850s? A - They were willing to accept slavery where it existed but opposed further expansion to the territories. B - They were active supporters of complete abolition. C - They favored continued importation of slaves from Africa. D - They advocated expansion of the slave system to provide cheap labor for northern factories. E - They advocated complete social and political equality for all races in the United States.
A - They were willing to accept slavery where it existed but opposed further expansion to the territories.
The Civil Rights Act of 1866 A - asserted that all former slaves would receive equal protection under the law. B - declared freedmen to be citizens and gave them full access to the courts. C - required freedmen, like immigrants, to wait five years for U.S. citizenship. D - guaranteed suffrage for all adult freedmen.
A - asserted that all former slaves would receive equal protection under the law.
Americans who lined up behind the free-soil cause in the late 1840s A - declared that slavery threatened American republicanism by undermining family farms. B - called for the immediate abolition of the sinful institution of slavery. C - argued that Texas should be returned to Mexico to halt the spread of slavery. D - demanded that Texas be the final slave state admitted to the Union.
A - declared that slavery threatened American republicanism by undermining family farms.
Of the following, the most threatening problem for the Union from 1861 through 1863 was A - possible British recognition of the Confederacy B - Spanish intervention in Santo Domingo C - French objections to the Union blockade D - British insistence on the abolition of slavery E - British objections to the Union position on "continuous voyage"
A - possible British recognition of the Confederacy
What did the Wilmot Proviso attempt to do? A - prohibit slavery in any territory the US acquired from Mexico B - Permit slavery in any new state or territory where the voters wished to allow it C - prohibit slavery in any territory ever acquired by the US D - protect existing slavery in the South and legislate its end by 1900
A - prohibit slavery in any territory the US acquired from Mexico
Which of the following achievements of the "carpetbag" governments survived the "Redeemer" administrations? A - Participation by both Whites and African Americans in local government B - Establishment of a public school system C - Election of African American majorities to state legislatures D - Establishment of a vigorous Republican Party in the South E - Opening of public facilities to African Americans
B - Establishment of a public school system
Nativist fears were directed mostly at which of the following groups in early and mid-nineteenth-century America? A - Freed blacks B - Irish immigrants C - Women D - Native Americans
B - Irish immigrants
Which of the following statements describes the historical significance of Harriet Beecher Stowe's 1852 novel Uncle Tom's Cabin? A - The book did not sell well until after the Civil War had begun, but it eventually made Stowe a rich woman. B - It sparked an unprecedented discussion about race and slavery in the United States and abroad. C - The novel was made into an emotionally charged stage play that was banned throughout the North and South. D - It portrayed slaves as good-natured but unintelligent and unable to care for themselves.
B - It sparked an unprecedented discussion about race and slavery in the United States and abroad.
Which of the following describes Lincoln's Ten Percent Plan, which he announced in December 1863? A - Lincoln created the plan to appeal to southern Democrats, many of whom had served with Lincoln in Congress. B - It specified that a state could return to the Union when 10 percent of its voters took an oath of loyalty to the Union. C - The plan declared that a state could reorganize its government when 50 percent of its voters took an oath of loyalty to the Union. D - The plan offered general amnesty to all Confederate citizens who agreed to comply with federal laws.
B - It specified that a state could return to the Union when 10 percent of its voters took an oath of loyalty to the Union.
Which of the following statement about the Dred Scott decision is correct? A - It recognized the power of Congress to prohibit slavery in the territories, but refused on technical grounds to free Scott. B - It stated that Black people were not citizens of the United States. C - It upheld the constitutionality of the Missouri Compromise. D - It upheld the principle of popular sovereignty. E - It freed Scott, but not other slaves in circumstances similar to Scott's.
B - It stated that Black people were not citizens of the United States.
Which of the following principles was established by the Dred Scott decision? A - Congress could abolish slavery at will. B - National legislation could not limit the spread of slavery in the territories. C - The rights of all people are protected by the Constitution. D - Slaves residing in a free state automatically became free. E - Through squatter sovereignty, a territory had the sole right to determine the status of slavery within its territorial limits.
B - National legislation could not limit the spread of slavery in the territories.
"No roads marked the way to the traveler in California then: but, guided by the sun and well-known mountain peaks, we proceeded on our journey. . . . Some forty or fifty men were at work with the cradle machines, and were averaging about eight ounces [of gold] per day to the man. But a few moments passed before I was knee deep in water, with my wash-basin full of dirt, plunging it about endeavoring to separate the dirt from the gold. After washing some fifty pans of dirt, I found I had realized about four bits' worth of gold. Reader, do you know how [one] feels when the gold fever heat has suddenly fallen to about zero? I do. . . . The Indians who were working for Capts. Sutter and Weber gave them leading information, so that they were enabled to know the direction in which new discoveries were to be made. . . . "The morals of the miners of '48 should here be noticed. No person worked on Sunday at digging for gold. . . . We had ministers of the gospel amongst us, but they never preached. Religion had been forgotten, even by its ministers, and instead of their pointing out the narrow way which leads to eternal happiness . . . they might have been seen, with pick-axe and pan, traveling untrodden [untraveled] ways in search of . . . treasure . . . or drinking good health and prosperity with friends." James H. Carson, describing life in the early California gold fields, 1848 Which of the following developments most directly led to the activities described in the excerpt? A - A prohibition on the northern extent of slavery in territories west of the Mississippi River B - The acquisition of significant territory following the Mexican-American War C - The vetoing of the rechartering of the Second Bank of the United States D - The completion of the first transcontinental railroad to the Pacific Ocean
B - The acquisition of significant territory following the Mexican-American War
The passage of the Kansas-Nebraska Act was intended to resolve debates about which of the following issues in the 1850s? A - The increase in immigration B - The expansion of slavery C - The fate of the Second Party system D - The growth of low-wage factory labor
B - The expansion of slavery
Which of the following states the principle of "popular sovereignty?" A - Congress has the right to decide where slavery shall and shall not exist. B - The settlers in a given territory have the sole right to decide whether or not slavery will be permitted there. C - Individual citizens can decide for themselves whether or not to hold slaves. D - The American people shall decide where slavery will exist through a national plebiscite. E - Individual states have the right to reject congressional decisions pertaining to slavery.
B - The settlers in a given territory have the sole right to decide whether or not slavery will be permitted there.
"No roads marked the way to the traveler in California then: but, guided by the sun and well-known mountain peaks, we proceeded on our journey. . . . Some forty or fifty men were at work with the cradle machines, and were averaging about eight ounces [of gold] per day to the man. But a few moments passed before I was knee deep in water, with my wash-basin full of dirt, plunging it about endeavoring to separate the dirt from the gold. After washing some fifty pans of dirt, I found I had realized about four bits' worth of gold. Reader, do you know how [one] feels when the gold fever heat has suddenly fallen to about zero? I do. . . . The Indians who were working for Capts. Sutter and Weber gave them leading information, so that they were enabled to know the direction in which new discoveries were to be made. . . . "The morals of the miners of '48 should here be noticed. No person worked on Sunday at digging for gold. . . . We had ministers of the gospel amongst us, but they never preached. Religion had been forgotten, even by its ministers, and instead of their pointing out the narrow way which leads to eternal happiness . . . they might have been seen, with pick-axe and pan, traveling untrodden [untraveled] ways in search of . . . treasure . . . or drinking good health and prosperity with friends." James H. Carson, describing life in the early California gold fields, 1848 The excerpt best reflects the development of which of the following? A - The emergence of an abolitionist movement in the western territories B - The widely held belief that the United States had a right to expand westward C - The increasing importance of cotton exports to the United States economy D - The debates about Native Americans and Mexican nationals dispossessed of land in California
B - The widely held belief that the United States had a right to expand westward
The Battle of Antietam, September 17, 1862, is considered pivotal to the outcome of the Civil War because it A - represented the Union's deepest thrust into southern territory B - forestalled the possibility of European intervention C - resulted in the border states joining the Confederacy D - marked the first use of Black troops by the Union army E - confirmed George McClellan's status as the leading Union general
B - forestalled the possibility of European intervention
In adopting the Fourteenth Amendment, Congress was primarily concerned with A - protecting the powers of the southern state governments established under Andrew Johnson B - protecting legislation guaranteeing civil rights to former slaves C - ending slavery D - guaranteeing all citizens the right to vote E - establishing the Freedmen's Bureau
B - protecting legislation guaranteeing civil rights to former slaves
Which of the following was a consequence of the shift to sharecropping and the crop lien system in the late nineteenth-century South? A - A major redistribution of land ownership B - A diversification of crops C - A cycle of debt and depression for Southern tenant farmers D - A rise in cotton yields per acre from antebellum production levels E - The termination of the control exerted by White landowners of former slaves
C - A cycle of debt and depression for Southern tenant farmers
Who won the 1860 presidential election? A - John Buchanan B - Franklin Pierce C - Abraham Lincoln D - Stephen Douglas
C - Abraham Lincoln
John Brown's 1859 raid on what town further exacerbated the growing divide in the United States on the slavery issue? A - Pottawatomie, Kansas B - Gettysburg, Pennsylvania C - Harper's Ferry, (West) Virginia D - Nashville, Tennessee
C - Harper's Ferry, (West) Virginia
Which of the following supplied the largest number of immigrants to the United States during the first half of the nineteenth century? A - England B - Africa C - Ireland D - The German states E - The Netherlands
C - Ireland
Prior to the Civil War, a transformation occurred in the workforce of the New England textile mills as New England farm girls were replaced by A - French-Canadian immigrants B - freed African Americans from the South C - Irish immigrants D - German immigrants E - Italian immigrants
C - Irish immigrants
The first attempt to apply the doctrine of popular sovereignty in determining the status of slavery occurred in A - Texas B - California C - Kansas D - Missouri E - Oregon
C - Kansas
Which of the following policies was implemented as part of the Compromise of 1850? A - Abolition of slavery in Washington, D.C. B - Popular sovereignty in Kansas and Nebraska C - Passage of a new Fugitive Slave Act D - Admittance of California as a slave state
C - Passage of a new Fugitive Slave Act
"No roads marked the way to the traveler in California then: but, guided by the sun and well-known mountain peaks, we proceeded on our journey. . . . Some forty or fifty men were at work with the cradle machines, and were averaging about eight ounces [of gold] per day to the man. But a few moments passed before I was knee deep in water, with my wash-basin full of dirt, plunging it about endeavoring to separate the dirt from the gold. After washing some fifty pans of dirt, I found I had realized about four bits' worth of gold. Reader, do you know how [one] feels when the gold fever heat has suddenly fallen to about zero? I do. . . . The Indians who were working for Capts. Sutter and Weber gave them leading information, so that they were enabled to know the direction in which new discoveries were to be made. . . . "The morals of the miners of '48 should here be noticed. No person worked on Sunday at digging for gold. . . . We had ministers of the gospel amongst us, but they never preached. Religion had been forgotten, even by its ministers, and instead of their pointing out the narrow way which leads to eternal happiness . . . they might have been seen, with pick-axe and pan, traveling untrodden [untraveled] ways in search of . . . treasure . . . or drinking good health and prosperity with friends." James H. Carson, describing life in the early California gold fields, 1848 Which of the following developments resulted most directly from the gold rush described in the excerpt? A - An anti-Catholic movement arose in western mining communities. B - Plantation agriculture spread from the South to the Pacific coast. C - People from America, Europe, and Asia migrated to the region. D - The West Coast became a major industrial center for the United States.
C - People from America, Europe, and Asia migrated to the region.
The Fourteenth Amendment emerged from which of the following contexts? A - Abolitionists' fears that African Americans would be barred from voting B - Expectations that formerly enslaved people would run for political office C - Republican concerns that African Americans would be denied citizenship rights D - Former Confederate leaders' support for multiple new amendments to the Constitution
C - Republican concerns that African Americans would be denied citizenship rights
Which of the following groups would most likely have supported secession from the United States after the 1860 presidential election? A - Northern abolitionists B - Members of the Free Soil Party C - Southern Democrats D - Northern Democrats
C - Southern Democrats
According to the Constitution, which branch of government is responsible for readmitting states that have seceded from the Union? A - the legislative branch B - the executive branch C - The Constitution did not address this question. D - the judicial branch
C - The Constitution did not address this question.
The 1854 Kansas-Nebraska Act led to which of the following outcomes? A - President Pierce signed the Ostend Manifesto. B - The Kansas and Nebraska territories were admitted as free states. C - The Missouri Compromise of 1820 was repealed. D - Stephen Douglas's political career ended.
C - The Missouri Compromise of 1820 was repealed.
Which of the following best describes the situation of freedom in the decade following the Civil War? A - Each was given 40 acres of land and a mule by the Union government. B - All were immediately granted political equality by the Emancipation Proclamation. C - The majority entered sharecropping arrangements with former masters or other nearby planters. D - They were required to pass a literacy test before being granted United States citizenship. E - They supported the passage of Black codes to ensure their economic and political rights.
C - The majority entered sharecropping arrangements with former masters or other nearby planters.
Which of the following was a serious constitutional question after the Civil War? A - The restoration of the power of the federal judiciary B - The legality of the national banking system C - The political and legal status of the former Confederate states D - The relationship between the United States and Britain E - The proposed annexation of Columbia
C - The political and legal status of the former Confederate states
All of the following led Congress to impose Radical Reconstruction measured EXCEPT the A - enactment of Black Codes by southern legislatures B - outbreak of race riots in New Orleans and Memphis C - massive exodus of former slaves from the South D - election of former Confederates to Congress E - response of southern legislatures to the Fourteenth Amendment
C - massive exodus of former slaves from the South
In 1861 the North went to war with the South primarily to A - liberate the slaves B - prevent European powers from meddling in American affairs C - preserve the Union D - average political defeats and insults inflicted by the South E - forestall a Southern invasion of the North
C - preserve the Union
Reconstruction ended in 1877 because A - the northern government had achieved all it had planned. B - the Democratic Party lost its political base in the South. C - the North lost interest in the cause. D - African American government leaders in the South were incompetent.
C - the North lost interest in the cause
The Compromise of 1850 did which of the following? A - Admitted Texas to the Union as a slave state. B - Admitted California to the Union under the principles of popular sovereignty. C - Prohibited slavery in the District of Columbia. D - Enacted a stringent fugitive slave law. E - Adjusted the Texas-Mexico boundary.
D - Enacted a stringent fugitive slave law.
Which of the following statements about African American soldiers during the Civil War is correct? A - They were primarily engaged in military campaigns west of the Mississippi. B - They were limited to noncombat duty. C - They were barred form receiving awards for valor in combat. D - For most of the war, they were paid less than White soldiers of equal rank. E - For most of the war, they were led by African American officers.
D - For most of the war, they were paid less than White soldiers of equal rank.
The Republican party originated in the mid-1850's as a sectional party committed to which of the following? A - Opposition to the further extension of slavery into the territories B - Immediate emancipation of the slaves C - Repeal of Whig economic policies D - Restriction of immigration E - Acknowledgement of popular sovereignty as the basis for organizing federal territories
D - Restriction of immigration
Why did Congressional Reconstruction end in 1877? A - The freed slaves had been successfully integrated into Southern society. B - The treaty ending the Civil War had set such a time limit. C - Most of the politically active Black people had left the South for Northern cities. D - The Republican and Democratic parties effected a compromise agreement after the 1876 presidential election. E - The United States needed the troops stationed in the South to confront the French in Mexico.
D - The Republican and Democratic parties effected a compromise agreement after the 1876 presidential election.
The industrial resources of the North during the Civil War most likely accounted for which of the following? A - The Southern reliance on cotton production and export, along with the system of enslaved labor B - The Confederate strategy that focused on the western theater of operations during the war C - The willingness of African Americans to fight for the Union cause in the conflict D - The disadvantage of the Confederacy in access to arms, munitions, and other supplies
D - The disadvantage of the Confederacy in access to arms, munitions, and other supplies
Which of the following developments most directly related to the increased sectional strife immediately prior to the election of 1860? A - The addition of territory to the United States through the annexation of California B - The rise of nativist political groups in Northern urban areas C - The differing viewpoints over the use of the tariff to protect domestic industry D - The legal ruling that denied African Americans rights of citizenship
D - The legal ruling that denied African Americans rights of citizenship
Which of the following aided the new Republican Party to win the presidency in 1860? A - The Republican victory in the states of New Jersey and Missouri B - The broad Republican appeal in the slaveholding South C - Republican candidate John C. Breckinridge's personal appeal D - The split in the Democratic Party into northern and southern factions
D - The split in the Democratic Party into northern and southern factions
Why did President Johnson veto the Freedmen's Bureau law and Civil Rights Act in 1866? A - Johnson did not get along with the Radical Republicans. B - He sought revenge against the Radical Republicans for opposing his Reconstruction plan. C - He believed they violated the core tenets of the Republican Party. D - These two pieces of legislation posed too great a challenge to his deeply racist views.
D - These two pieces of legislation posed too great a challenge to his deeply racist views.
The Black Codes passed in a number of southern states after the Civil War were intended to A - close public schools to the children of former slaves B - promote the return of former slaves to Africa C - enable Black citizens to vote in federal elections D - place limits on the socioeconomic opportunities open to Black people E - further the integration of southern society
D - place limits on the socioeconomic opportunities open to Black people
What 1858 event catapulted Abraham Lincoln to national prominence? A - the Dred Scott decision B - the raid on Harper's Ferry C - The Kansas Nebraska Act D - the debates with Senator Stephen Douglas
D - the debates with Senator Stephen Douglas
Which of the following was LEAST involved in the struggle for women's rights? A - Elizabeth Cady Stanton B - Alice Paul C - Lucretia Mott D - Carrie Chapman Catt E - Dorothea Dix
E - Dorothea Dix
Which of the following provisions of the Compromise of 1850 provoked the most controversy in the 1850's? A - The admission of California as a free state B -The establishment of the principle of popular sovereignty in the Mexican cession C - The ban on the slave trade in the District of Columbia D - The continued protection of slavery in the District of Columbia E - The strengthened Fugitive Slave Law
E - The strengthened Fugitive Slave Law
The primary objective of the founders of the Know-Nothing party was the A- abolition of slavery B - establishment of free public schools C - improvement of factory working conditions D - prohibition of communitarian experiments E - restriction of the rights of immigrants
E - restriction of the rights of immigrants
When the Emancipation Proclamation was issued at the beginning of 1863, its immediate effect was to A - end the Civil War B - abolish slavery C - free slaves held in the border sates D - alienate Britain and France E - strengthen the moral cause of the Union
E - strengthen the moral cause of the Union