unit 4

which is true of a resting state neuron?

The cells inside charge is negative

an individual with damage to wernickes area would most likely have difficulty

comprehending a spoken request for information

Martin fell off his skateboard and badly bruised his elbow. He immediately began rubbing the area around the bruise until the pain subsided. This method of reducing pain can be explained by which of the following?

gate-control theory

visual activity is best in the:

fovea

The perceived pitch (hertz) of a tone is largely determined by its

frequency

which of the following theories most accurately explains pitch perceptions?

frequency and place only

difficulty in typing smoothing on a keyboard would most likely result from damage to the

cerebellum

It can be assumed that an individual described as a supertaster:

is very sensitive to hot peppers

in normal distribution, which of the following statements is true about the area that falls between one standard deviation above and one standard deviation below?

it contains the middle 68% of the distribution

which of the following statements best describes the effects of alcohol on humans?

it depresses the central nervous system

using cell phones while driving increases number of accidents because use of the phone requires:

selective attention

a student who scored at the mode would have how many points

5

which of the following is the median score

6

activation of the parasympathetic nervous system results in which of the following?

a decrease in heart rate

Which of the following supports the opponent-process theory of color vision?

afterimages

which of the following correctly pairs subdivisions within the major divisions of the human nervous system?

autonomic...sympathetic and parasympathetic

the area labeled x in the diagram above denotes which of the following structures?

axon terminals

which letter indicates the synaptic cleft

d

a person with damage to a Broca's area most likely demonstrates which of the following symptoms?

difficulty with speech production

in the figure about where does the neurotransmitter dopamine have its effect

e

most glands in the human body are part of which system

endocrine

In extreme cases, surgically severing the corpus callosum is a treatment for which of the following conditions?

epilepsy

A child's sex is genetically determined by the

father

the reversible figure to the left illustrates the Gestalt organizing principle of:

figure-ground

consistent with the concept of neural plasticity, neurons in mammals have been found to change the way they function as a result of repeated stimulation by doing which of the following?

growing new dendritic spines (nerve endings reach out to other cells)

Latisha noticed that in the early evening she begins to have difficulty seeing the vibrant colors in her artwork. Which of the following best explains her difficulty?

her cones detect color poorly in dim light

when people consume large amounts of alcohol, they are often unable to recall what they did and said while they were drinking. this occurs because alcohol interferes with the brains ability to form new memories in the

hippocampus

david hubel & torsten wiesels research of responses of the brain to visual stimuli allowed

many cortical cells respond most strongly to specific visual information

a particular group of brain cells seems to provide a basis for observational learning. researchers call these specialized cells

mirror neurons

In vision, transduction occurs within the

retina

the occipital lobe of the human brain contains the centers for

vision

metabolic activity in different areas of the brain can be best visualized by means of

PET scan

All summer Thomas hears the sound of the ice-cream truck approaching before his brother Oscar hears it. Thomas probably has which of the following?

a lower absolute threshold for hearing than Oscar

reuptake of a neurotransmitter refers to

absorption of the neurotransmitter into the terminal buttons of the sending neuron

photo receptors relay visual information to the brain through which of the following cells

bipolar and ganglion

in the figure above where do serotonin reuptake inhibitors have their initial effect

c

which letter indicates the "postsynaptic membrane"

c

which of the following psychoactive drugs increases nervous system activity (an agonist)

cocaine

People who are color blind most likely have deficiencies in their

cones

prediction _____ as causation is to ______

correlation; experimentation

Ana injured her eye in an accident and has to wear a patch over the eye while it heals. Which of the following cues would she best be able to use to make judgements about the distance objects are from her?

linear perspective

the results of stanely milgrams studies on obedience suggest that

most people will obey perceived authority figures' instructions to harm others

Gestalt psychology is concerned primarily with understanding which of the following?

perception

Which gland of the endocrine system controls activity of other glands?

pituitary

which of the following is required for a psychological experiment?

precise operational definitions

In the morning. Jorge watched a cartoon about a sarcastic rabbit. Later, in his psychology class, he viewed the image below and readily identified it as a rabbit instead of a duck. which of the following best explains this phenomenon?

priming

dr.williams is a therapist who believes that his clients depression is caused by internalized anger and other intrapychic conflicts. of which psychological perspective is dr. williams most likely a proponent

psychoanalytic

significant damage to which of the following parts of the brain will most likely cause a person to fall into a deep coma from which the person will be unable to awaken

reticular formation

which of the following is the correct path a neural impulse will follow through different layers of the retina?

rods & cones, bipolar cells, ganglion, optic nerve

on his first day of work at the bakery. brad was nearly overwhelmed by the sweet odor of the baked goods. However, by lunchtime, he did not even notice the smell. this is an example of

sensory adaptation

When Rosa has a cold, she cannot taste the flavor of her pizza. Which of the following psychological terms describes Rosa's inability to taste?

sensory interaaction

a research psychologist generalizes from a particular sample to an entire population. This is an example of

statistical inference

what is the correct chronological order of the following perspectives of psychology, from past to present.

structuralism, psychoanalysis, behaviorism, humanism

Which of the following statements is supported by the research on homosexuality?

studies of twins have shown a genetic predisposition to homosexuality

Tina is reading an important letter when she accidentally splashes water on the paper. The water has smudged a few words, but she is still able to understand what the letter says. This can be explained by

top-down processing

Scott lost his vision at a young age. When he was much older, he received a corneal transplant that allowed him to see again. After so many years of not being able to see, he had a very difficult time interpreting visual information such as faces and expressions. His visual problems most likely came from processing difficulties in the

visual cortex

research finds that in general, the higher an incoming college student scores in a given test, the higher the students gpa will be. which of the following best describes this relationship?

a positive correlation

Stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system frequently results in which of the following:

acceleration of heart and breathing rates and dilation (widening) of pupils

a tumor that destroys the ventromedial hypothalamus is likely to produce which:

frequent eating and obesity

Which school of psychology focused on the adaptive nature of thinking and how our consciousness evolves to meet our needs?

functionalist

the ability to see a cube in the diagram above is best explained by which option

gestalt principles of closure and continuity

after an electrode implanted in a cats brain stimulates the cats amygdala, the cat will most likely do which of the following?

immediately withdraw in fear

Mary participates in an exercise program because she experiences an increase in energy and feelings of well-being at the end of each exercise session. The best explanation for Marys perseverance is that exercise:

increases her level of endorphins

Juana accidentally touch a hot iron. She immediately drew back her hand. Which of the following is true about the withdrawal of her hand?

it was initiated in the spinal cord

when viewed from the window of a moving train, nearby objects seem to turn/pass by more quickly than do more distant objects. This cue for depth perception is called

motion parallax

After staring at a green, black and orange "American Flag" for about a minute, an individual will see a red, white, and blue flag afterimage. Which of the following explains this phenomenon?

opponent-processes theory

which of the following is used to reduce the effects of "confounding" variables in experiments

random assignment

which of the following is the correct sequence of the neural chain of events sets in motion by an environmental stimulus

receptors, afferent neurons, inter neurons, efferent neurons, effectors

as you watch a friend walk away from you, your retinal image of your friend gets smaller. Despite this, you do not perceive him to be shrinking. This is an example of

size constancy

in right handed individuals which of the following abilities is predominantly a function of the right brain?

spatial reasoning

research has shown that a major reason for poor performance while multitasking is that while multitasking, people

switch their attention rapidly from task to task, so they miss critical information associated with a task that is not receiving their attention

The results of a correlational study involving university student volunteers in a psychology laboratory might not apply to the general population because

the sample is not randomly chosen and therefore may not be a representative sample

operational definitions are used for which of the following reasons?

they enable researchers to replicate studies by precisely describing variables and their use