unit 4 practice

Which type of plate interaction occurs when plates move sideways past each other? Fault zone Divergent plate boundary Convergent plate boundary Transform plate boundary Volcanoes

transform plate boundary

which of the following plate boundaries are less likely to have volcanic activity?

transfrom

Which of the following atmospheric layers is the closest to the earth? Exosphere Thermosphere Troposphere Mesosphere Stratosphere

troposphere

rain shadow effect

warm moist air evaporates from ocean and travels inland (cools, condenses> clouds). cool air cannot hold as much moisture so clouds rain on ocean side of mountain. other side will be dry.

What are three things that can cause the physical weathering of rocks

water, ice wedging, and plant roots

what are ocean currents driven by

wind, tides, changes in water density, rotation of earth

what drives atmospheric circulation

interaction between the atmosphere and the ocean, this creating climate

warm air rises because

it is less dense

Which latitude shown on the diagram above experiences 24 hours of daylight on December 21

lowest point

Which of the following is an example of a metamorphic rock? Granite Basalt Sandstone Marble Limestone

marble

Frost wedging and unloading are examples of Biological Weathering Soil Erosion Chemical Weathering Mechanical Weathering Oxidation

mechanical weathering

tropic of cancer

northern hemisphere

one plate falls under another. What is this called

subduction zone

convergetn boundary

Convergent boundaries can result in the creation of mountains, island arcs, earthquakes, and volcanoes.

What are the two main categories of ocean currents

surface currents and deep ocean currents

The percentage of the soil's sand, silt, and clay is referred to as: Texture Minerals Horizons Relative particle size Soil type

texture

Which body of water has been significantly reduced in size due to water division? The Baltic Sea The Aral Sea Lake Huron The Mississippi River The Nile River

the aral sea

Water as deep as _______ is still affected by the wind at the Earth's surface

400 meters

A farm is experiencing extensive crop loss due to high rains causing overly saturated soils. Which of the following approaches would best help the farmer alleviate the problem

Amending the soil with sand to increase the permeability of the soil

divergent boundary

Divergent boundaries can result in seafloor spreading, rift valley, volcanoes, and earthquakes.

storm movement

Due to the coriolis effect, the storms in the southern hemisphere move counter clockwise and the storms in the north move clockwise.

Reasons that human populations historically have settled in floodplains include which of the following? I. The soil in floodplains is usually fertile. II. The terrain in floodplains tend to be flat. III. Floodplains are close to rivers for transportation

I, II, and III

Which of the following changes in eastern Pacific Ocean food webs is typically associated with La Niña events

Increased phytoplankton concentrations

What is some possible feedback of warmer sea surface temperatures?

It can possibly affect ecosystems and marine species because of warmer sea surface temperatures.

A team at a university in Pennsylvania has concerns about the health of streams in a watershed because of the various land uses in the area. There has been an increase in road repair work, and the area has many dairy farms. Which of the following would be most effective at preventing sediment runoff into the streams of the watershed

Maintain zones of grass at least 100m wide on the sides of streams in the area.

Corn is a crop that grows best in soil that drains well. Which of the following soils is best suited to grow corn

Sandy loam because it has large amounts of sand and less than 20% clay.

How are sea surface temperatures different around the globe

Sea surface temperatures are different around the world as the ocean absorbs more heat that cause temperatures to rise and ocean circulation patterns that move warm and cold water then change.

metamorphic rock formation

Sedimentary rocks can be squeezed under the surface of the earth using heat and pressure and have igneous turns into gneiss.

soil formation

Soils are formed when parent material is weathered, transported, and deposited.

soil horizons

Soils are generally categorized by horizons based on their composition and organic material.

soil characteristics

Soils can be eroded by wind or water. Protecting soils can protect water quality as soils effectively filter and clean water that moves through them.

What are some possible factors that may influence ocean temperatures throughout a given year

Some factors that may influence ocean temperatures are global wind patterns, rainfall, and ocean circulation.

where is the ozone layer

Stratosphere

An urban planner wants to design a city to be built within a watershed. Which of the following best describes why they should carefully consider the characteristics of the watershed before creating the city's overall design

Stromwater runoff related to sidewalks and streets will transition into the river so migration vegetation should be included in teh plan

Which of the following best describes why understanding a watershed and its boundaries is important in designing housing developments along a river

Surface water and stormwater runoff will drain downstream within the watershed boundaries, so it is important to understand the flow of water through the watershed.

(T/F) No-till farming and contour farming are two ways to practice soil conservation and decrease soil erosion

T

porosity

amount of water soil can hold

which of the following changes are most likely to occur in the central and eastern tropical Pacific during El Niño

The Peruvian current weakens, leading to warmer-than-average sea-surface temperatures.

convection in the mantle

The convection currents in the mantle are areas that heat up by decreasing the density and then it cools down and then it;s going to sink again.

What would happen to ocean currents if the earth didn't rotate

The ocean currents would move back and forth from the equator.

plates/ convection currents

The plates move the direction that the convection current flows. So if the plate moves to the left, then the convection current is forcing the plate into that direction as well.

unequal heating of earth

The unequal heating of earth's surface is caused by the tilt and orbit around the sun causes seasons. Away from the sun- winter and facing the sun-summer. We also get unequal heating on the planet because of the shape of the earth- sphere and the albedo of the earth - our reflectiveness.

In the desert regions of the southwestern United States, daily high and low temperatures will frequently fluctuate by 40°F (33°C) or more. Which statement below best explains the large variation in temperature

There are no bordering oceans or large bodies of water to provide a stabilizing humidity to the air.

tsunami formation

When an earthquake happens, subduction occurs on an oceanic plate. The plate is being pushed underneath and it wont release, but with built up pressure it will slip with a huge push up on the water above it with a vertical motion in the ocean which leads to giant tidal waves.

transform boundary

Transform boundaries can result in earthquakes. An earthquake occurs when stress overcomes a locked fault, releasing stored energy.

El Niño, a periodic warming of ocean surface waters, occurs in which of the following regions? *

Tropical East Pacific

Brown pelicans are fish-eating birds. As a result of an El Niño event, the population of brown pelicans in southern California declines. Which of the following best explains the relationship between the El Niño event and the population decline?

Warmer ocean temperatures can cause fish to move to colder water farther from pelican nest sites.

How would warmer ocean temperatures affect precipitation?

Warmer ocean temperatures would cause more heavy rainfall by an increase of atmospheric water vapor.

Which of the following is a primary cause of El Niño climate variations

Warmer surface waters in the Pacific Ocean

water holding capacity

Water holding capacity-the total amount of water soil can hold varies with different soil types. Water retention to land productivity and fertility of the soils.

Which of the following correctly lists the layers of the earth from the innermost layer to the outside layer? Solid inner core, liquid outer core, mantle, crust Liquid outer core, solid inner core, mantle, crust Solid inner core, liquid outer core, crust, mantle Crust, mantle, liquid outer core, solid inner core Liquid inner core, solid outer core, crust, mantle

a

mineral resource

a concentration of one or more minerals in the earth's crust that we can extract and process into raw materials and useful products at an affordable cost. Minerals take millions of years to form, making them nonrenewable.

mineral

a naturally occurring chemical element or inorganic compound that exists as a solid with a regularly internal arrangement of itm atoms or ions.

rock

a solid combination of one or more minerals found in the earth's crust

Which list shows the layers of the atmosphere in order, starting with the layer closest to earth? Stratosphere, Troposphere, Mesosphere, Thermosphere Troposphere, Stratosphere, Mesosphere, Thermosphere Stratosphere, Troposphere, Thermosphere, Mesosphere Troposphere, Thermosphere, Mesosphere, Stratosphere Mesosphere, Thermosphere, Troposphere, Stratosphere

b

Which of the following lists the correct order of increasing organic content in soil? Young soil, immature soil, mature soil Immature soil, young soil, mature soil Mature soil, immature soil, young soil Mature soil, young soil, immature soil Young soil, mature soil, immature soil

b

Which soil horizon is composed mainly of mineral material with very little organic matter? O horizon A horizon B horizon D horizon Zone of saturation

b horizon

Which soil horizon has very little organic matter and accumulates soluble metals and nutrients that are transported from other soil layers

c (largest layer)

el nino effects on western south america

causes deserts to bloom due to heavy rain

cyclone, southern hemisphere

clockwise

The primary cause of Earth's seasons is the *

constant tilt of Earth's rotational axis with respect to the plane of its orbit around the Sun

huricane in northern hemisphere

counter-clockwise

el nino effects on indonesia and australia

crop failures bc drought. forest fires for australia

granite

cyrstallization of magma

Most of the Earth's deserts are at approximately 30° latitude, north and south, because these latitudes are characterized by

descending dry air currents

An area beneath the ocean floor where tectonic plates move away from each other is known as.. a) Subduction Zone b) Seafloor Spreading c) Divergent Plate Boundary d) Convergent Plate Boundary e) Transform Fault Boundary

divergent boundary

(t/f) Deep-ocean currents mobilize only 10% of the Earth's water

false

increase content of nutrients

fertilizers

How quickly does the global conveyor belt move?

few cm per second

deposition

geological process in which sediments, soil and rocks are added to a landform or land mass. Wind, ice, water, and gravity transport previously weathered surface material, which, at the loss of enough kinetic energy in the fluid, is deposited, building up layers of sediment.

nitrogen

green leafy growth in plants (component in chlorophyll which is used in photosynthesis)

inversion layers

occurs when layers of air do not mic, bc they are different temps. and therefore densities. This can traip air pollution. Below are two of many ways this can occur.

Metamorphic rock

orms when an existing rock is subjected to high temperatures (which may cause it to melt partially), high pressures, chemically active fluids, or a combination of these agents. (Examples: slate and marble)

Which of the following layers of the earth is entirely liquid? Inner Core Outer Core Mantle Asthenosphere Lithosphere

outer core

phosphourus

plant genetics seed development and yield fruit development

from order of cell (N->S)

polar cell- ferrel cell- hadley cell- hadley cell- ferrel cell- polar cell

events that cause el nino and its effects on ocean circulation

pressure systems occur in indian ocean, indonesia, and australia (air pressure rises).---southeast trade winds are reversed/weekend which cause the warm water to travel to the east

two important roles of the atmosphere

protects life on earth by absorbing ultraviolet radioation and reduces temperature extremes between day and night

Select the choice that best fits each statement. The following question(s) refer to the data table below that shows the annual anchovy catch and average sea surface temperature off the coast of Peru from 1995 through 2001. The low anchovy catch in 1998 was most likely the result of

reduced ocean upwelling along the coast

Which type of rocks form when mud, sand, or gravel is compressed by overlying materials? Intrusive igneous rock Extrusive igneous rock Sedimentary rock Metamorphic rock Coal

sedimentary rock

The loss of some or all of a soil's ability to support plant growth is called Erosion Soil Degradation Physical Weathering Chemical Weathering Base Saturation

soil degradation

tropic of capricorn

southern hemisphere

Earthquakes may form when stress builds as two plates slide past each other. Which of the following plate boundaries is described here?

strike-slip

potassium

strong stems aids in early growth fights disease/bugs