Unit 4 Psychology- ACCESS

The ___________ heuristic is a mental shortcut that helps us make a decision based on how easy it is to bring something to mind. 1) availability 2) simplicity 3) representativeness 4) basic-rate

1) availability

The most primitive units of thought are 1) images 2) sounds 3) words 4) a prototype

1) images

A more abstract unit of thought is _________, which is a sound, an object, or a design that represents an object or quality. 1) an image 2) a prototype 3) a symbol 4) a rule

1) an image

Boys who mature early 1) are more self-confident 2) tend to withdraw and rebel 3) do not do as well in early childhood 4) tend to be followers instead of leaders

1) are more self-confident

This theory of motivation states that innate tendencies determine behavior but are also generally connected to psychological reasons. 1) biological 2) cognitive 3) psychosocial Incorrect Response 4) humanistic

1) biological

During the _______ stage of cognitive development (described by Jean Piaget), children learn to coordinate their senses with their motor activities. 1) sensorimotor 2) preoperational 3) concrete operational 4) formal operational

1) sensorimotor

________ is described as changing and reorganizing the information stored in memory to create new or transformed information. 1) Language 2) Thinking 3) Regeneration 4) Motivation

2) Thinking

The biological event in which a woman's production of sex hormones is sharply reduced. 1) Generativity 2) menopause 3) menarche 4) weight loss

2) menopause

The smallest unit of sound in the human language such as consonants and vowels are _____. 1) concepts 2) phonemes 3) morphemes 4) syntax

2) phonemes

An infant's response in turning toward the source of touching that occurs anywhere around his mouth is called the _______ reflex. 1) Moro 2) rooting 3) Palmer/grasping 4) feeding

2) rooting

At birth, the length of most infants is 1) 12 to 16 inches 2) 20 to 24 inches 3) 16 to 22 inches 4) less than 12 inches

3) 16 to 22 inches

____________ is a condition that destroys a person's ability to think, remember, relate to others, and provide self-care. 1) ageism 2) arthritis 3) Alzheimer's 4) heart disease

3) Alzheimer's

Which of the following is known for challenging Kohlberg's theory stating that it was biased to males? 1) Rose Turner 2) Jean Piaget 3) Carol Gilligan 4) Erik Erikson

3) Carol Gilligan

All of the following are true of Sigmund Freud's theory of childhood development EXCEPT 1) It was one of the first theories of childhood development 2) Freud described children as going through five stages of sexual development 3) He believed that children went through three levels of development 4) Each stage focused on sexual activity and the pleasure received from a particular area of the body.

3) He believed that children went through three levels of development

The Psychoanalytic development theory proposed by ________________ stressed the importance of childhood events and experiences. 1) Jean Piaget 2) Erik Erikson 3) Sigmund Freud 4) Lawrence Kohlberg

3) Sigmund Freud

All of the following are true of Erik Erikson's theory of psychosocial development EXCEPT 1) He believed that humans go through eight stages during a normal lifetime 2) Each stage has a specific task that needs to be accomplished 3) The basic idea of his theory is that we are always building schema or mental maps 4) He believed that there is a consequence or danger if the task is not accomplished

3) The basic idea of his theory is that we are always building schema or mental maps

In the cognitive theory for motivational behavior all of the following are true EXCEPT 1) They look at what it is inside and outside of us that energizes us to move 2) They look at extrinsic motivators or external rewards. 3) They believe we are driven to reduce internal drives to maintain homeostasis 4) They look at intrinsic motivators which are personally fulfilling

3) They believe we are driven to reduce internal drives to maintain homeostasis

Just before puberty, children experience 1) a period of storm and stress 2) menarche and spermarche 3) a rapid increase in height and weight 4) the development of pubic hair

3) a rapid increase in height and weight

Sign language and speaking are both forms of __________________. 1) communication 2) language 3) both a and b 4) neither a or b

3) both a and b

The difference between an algorithm and a heuristic is that algorithms are _________ and heuristics are ____________. 1) rules of thumb, fixed procedures 2) mathematical formulas, fixed procedures 3) fixed procedures, short cuts 4) rules of thumb, experimental strategies

3) fixed procedures, short cuts

The _________ heuristic is a mental shortcut that helps us make a decision by comparing information to our mental prototypes. 1) simplicity 2) basic-rate 3) representativeness 4) availability

3) representativeness

Language rules that govern how words can be combined to form meaningful phrases and sentences are called 1) morphemes 2) semantics 3) syntax 4) phonemes

3) syntax

Research on motivation and emotion focusses on ______ people behave as they do. 1) when 2) how 3) why 4) none of the above

3) why

All of the following are true of Lawrence Kohlberg's theory of moral development EXCEPT 1) He believed that children went through 3 levels of development 2) He believed that the three levels of development had six stages 3) He believed that children went through all six stages and did not skip any of them 4) It was one of the first theories of childhood development

4) It was one of the first theories of childhood development

A person's behavior usually develops as a result of 1) attitudes only 2) heredity only 3) environment only 4) both heredity and environment

4) both heredity and environment

A person biting their finger nails, a dog with his head cocked to the side, a guy with his fists up ready to fight are all examples of _____________. 1) curiosity 2) competency 3) expectancy value 4) situational cues

4) situational cues