Unit 4 Study Guide American Imperialism

How does Darwinism apply to imperialism?

- Josiah Strong believed that American civilization was superior to others and that it was an American's duty to diffuse its benefits.

Yellow Journalism

- Journalism that is based upon sensationalism and crude exaggeration. Partially true.

Open Door Notes

- John Hay circulated letters among all the powers called Open Door Notes, requesting that all nations agree to free trade in China.

Commodore Matthew Perry

- "Opened" Japan in 1854, which made trade with Asia a reality earning millions for American merchants and manufactures. Naval Commander.

What was the main idea of Alfred Mahan's book The Influence of Sea Power Upon History?

- Alfred Thayer Mayan wrote an influential thesis declaring that throughout history, those that controlled the world. Acquiring naval bases at strategic points around the world was imperative.

Explain how the Sino-Japanese War lead to the adoption of America's "Open-Door Policy?"

- America was afraid of losing trade with China. Other nations wanted to open free trade.

Against

- Anti-Imperialists about War freeing Cuba not annexing the Philippines.

For Imperialism.

- Expansion and business interests.

Clayton-Bulwer Treaty

- Fearing that either side would build an isthmian canal and use it for national advantage, the United States and Great Britain agreed in the 1850 that neither side would build such a canal.

Describe two examples of America annexing territories during the 20th Century.

- Hawaii, Guam, Puerto Rico, American Samoa.

General William Shafter

- He led the invading force uneventfully need Santiago in Cuba. Major General. Medal of Honor.

Why did they rebel against many Americans?

- In 1900, foreign occupation of China resulted in disaster. A group of Chinese nationalists called the Fists of Righteous Harmony attacked Western property. They continued to wreak havoc until a multinational force invaded to stop the uprising.

Describe the Platt Amendment.

- In the Platt Amendment of 1901, Cuba was forbidden from entering any treaty that might endanger their independence. In addition, to prevent European gunboats from landing on Cuban shores, Cuba was prohibited from incurring a large debt. If any of these conditions were violated, Cuba agreed to permit American troops to land to restore order.

What Territory were acquired by the United States as a result of the war?

- Philippines, Guam, Puerto Rico.

What were the four causes of American Imperialism?

- Political, Economic, Religious, Ethnocentric.

What were some of the geographic issues regarding building the Panama Canal in Panama?

- Rivers, Mountains, and Swamps.

John Hay

- Secretary of State during 1900 and feared that if these nations established trade practices that excluded other nations, American trade would suffer. American statesman.

What were some of the names used to mock his decision?

- Seward's Folly, Seward's Ice Box, Polar Bear Garden, Russian America, and Frozen Wasteland.

Who was Queen Liliuokalani?

- She was the Queen of Hawaii and tried to restore Hawaiian control.

What was the White Man's Burden? What fueled this idea? EXPLAIN.

- Short story or poem. Wanted to take over the Philippines. American way was the best way.

Why would the United States have interest in Hawaii?

- Sugar Trade, Europe Missionaries, Strategic Positioning.

Battle of San Juan Hill

- Supported by two African American regiments, the Rough Riders charged up San Juan Hill and helped Shafter bottle the Spanish forces in Santiago harbor.

Describe the events of the Spanish American Wad on the Pacific?

- The Battle of Manila Bay.

Hay-Bunau-Varilla Treaty

- The Colombians we're powerless to stop the uprising. The United States became the first nation in the world to recognize the new government. The Treaty awarded a 10-mile strip of land to the United States, and the last hurdle was cleared.

Who received most of the glory on the Cuban front of the Spanish American War?

- The Rough Riders and Theodore Roosevelt.

Depuy De Lome

- The Spanish Minister who had written a stinging letter about President William McKinley to a personal friend.

What event was credited with causing America to declare war on Spain?

- The sinking of the USS Maine caused the United States of America to do this.

What did the Teller Amendment establish?

- This Amendment promised that America would Annex the precious islands. This established that America was interested in Cuban independence rather than American colonization.

What was the McKinley Tariff?

- This Tariff raised import rates on foreign sugar.

Define annexation.

- This Word is defined as append or add as an extra or subordinate part.

Admiral George Dewey

- Under orders from Assistant Secretary of the Navy, Theodore Roosevelt, to annihilate the Spanish Pacific fleet at the Battle of Manila Bay.

What was unique about the death toll for Americans during the Spanish American War?

- War lasted ten weeks and resulted in 400 deaths. Insurrection lasted three years and claimed 4000 American lives.

General Valeriano Weyler

- Was a Spanish general and colonial administrator who serve as the Governor General of the Philippines and Cuba.

What was Seward's Folly?

- When William Seward proposed the purchase of Alaska in 1867, his peers thought he had gone mad. Russian America, as it was called, was a vast frozen waste land surely not worth 7.2 million American dollars.

Sphere of Influence

- quasi-colonies. Power somewhere else. a country or area in which another country has power to affect developments although it has no formal authority.

Imperialism

- when powerful natioms exert their control over foreign territories. Contries power or influence or expansion.

Why was it the United States and not the French who complete the Canal?

Ferdinand de Lesseps, the same engineer who designed the Suez Canal, had organized a French attempt in Panama in the 1870s. Disease and financial problems left a partially built canal behind. The United States was economically, influentially, and intellectual capable of overcoming the dilemma.

Why were some Americans worried about fighting a war with Spain?

The United States Army was understaffed, under equipped, and undertrained.

Who were the "Boxers?"

These men were known as this in the West. These were a group of Chinese nationalists called the Fists of Righteous Harmony. They attacked Western property.

What were some components of Roosevelt's Big Stick Diplomacy?

To Roosevelt, the big stick was the new American navy. By remaining firm in resolve and possessing the naval might to back its interests, the United States could simultaneously defend its territory and avoid war.