Unit 4 Test
What is the International Monetary Fund (IMF)? A) A specialized agency of the United Nations designed to promote international monetary cooperation B) A specialized agency of the United Nations that makes loans to poorer nations for economic development C) A scholarship for international students D) A scholarship for American students that wish to study abroad E) None of the above
A) A specialized agency of the United Nations designed to promote international monetary cooperation
What is one of the ideas proposed for Social Security reform? A) Allow people to invest part of their money in the stock market B) Invest all funds in the Stock Market C) Replace Social Security with a national lottery D) Lower the eligibility age significantly E) None of the above
A) Allow people to invest part of their money in the stock market
How is a surplus defined? A) An excess of government revenues over government expenditures B) An excess of government expenditures over revenues C) A total amount of money that the national government owes to lenders D) A fiscal budget E) A monetary budget
A) An excess of government revenues over government expenditures
The president is the single most important individual in doing which of the following? A) Constructing a national budget B) The appropriations process C) The authorization process D) Constructing federal salary schedules E) None of the above
A) Constructing a national budget
For what is the Bureau of International Information Programs (IIP) responsible? A) Directing overseas information programs B) The routine daily functions of foreign policy C) Formulating military policy D) Maintaining the armed forces E) All of the above
A) Directing overseas information programs
Which of the following is a key element of taxing and spending? A) Fiscal policy B) Monetary policy C) Regulatory policy D) Recession policy E) None of the above
A) Fiscal policy
_____________________ was enacted in the hope that the legislation would force Congress and the president to reduce the deficit. A) Gramm-Rudman-Hollings B) The Tax Reform Act of 1986 C) The National Budget Act of 1989 D) The Deficit Control Act of 1987 E) None of the above
A) Gramm-Rudman-Hollings
Getting an issue on the policy agenda of government is the ___________ step in the process of making policy. A) first B) final C) third D) fourth E) None of the above
A) first
Decisions to create new agencies (or abolish existing ones) or to initiate new programs (or terminate current ones) are ____________ rather than incremental. A) fundamental B) incidental C) rational D) comprehensive E) capital
A) fundamental
Medicare payments to hospitals to fund health care for the elderly is an example of ________________ spending because eligible individuals automatically and regularly receive benefits without specific congressional authorizing action from one year to the next. A) mandatory B) compensatory C) discretionary D) compulsory E) None of the above
A) mandatory
According to your textbook, Congress is poorly equipped to conduct foreign policy for the following three reasons: A) parochialism, organizational weakness, and lack of information B) isolationism, internationalism, and idealism C) idealism, realism, and isolationism D) presidentialism, congressionalism, and judicism E) None of the above
A) parochialism, organizational weakness, and lack of information
The Secretary of State reports directly to the _____. A) president B) CIA C) Congress D) Department of State E) None of the above
A) president
Crisis, technological change, changes in the economy, strong leaders, the mass media or changes in social values ________. A) put problems on the agenda B) provide policy formulation C) ensure policy adoption D) implement policy E) None of the above
A) put problems on the agenda
Ultimately, the Environmental Protection Agency's work is comprised of the following: _____________management, or estimating the degree of environmental risk a pollutant or ecosystem change poses, and _______________ assessment, or making decisions that try to reduce or contain the identified risk. A) risk B) task C) fiscal D) program E) poverty
A) risk
What was the Marshall Plan? A) A multimillion-dollar American program begun after World War I for the economic rehabilitation of Western Europe B) A multibillion-dollar American program begun after World War II for the economic rehabilitation of Western Europe C) A policy proclaimed that the United States would oppose the expansion of communism anywhere in the world D) A policy stipulating that the United States will support its allies with economic and military aid but that the allies should provide the bulk of the manpower for their own defense E) None of the above
B) A multibillion-dollar American program begun after World War II for the economic rehabilitation of Western Europe
What is the World Bank? A) A specialized agency of the United Nations designed to promote international monetary cooperation B) A specialized agency of the United Nations that makes loans to poorer nations for economic development C) A bank for all persons, regardless of national origin D) The biggest bank in the world E) None of the above
B) A specialized agency of the United Nations that makes loans to poorer nations for economic development
Although an issue can get on the policy agenda and various policy strategies can be debated and discussed, nothing happens until institutions of government initiates which of the following policy actions? A) Propose a policy B) Adopt a policy C) Consider a policy D) Formulate a policy E) Debate a policy
B) Adopt a policy
What is the purpose of the Joint Chiefs of Staff? A) Gathering information and coordinate foreign intelligence operations B) Advising the president and Secretary of Defense on important military questions C) Formulating military policy D) Maintaining the armed forces E) None of the above
B) Advising the president and Secretary of Defense on important military questions
According to your textbook, which is the group with the highest proportion of their population in poverty since 1959? A) Whites B) African Americans C) Hispanics D) Children under 18 E) Those 65 and older
B) African Americans
Which organization coordinates economic assistance programs? A) Office of International Programs B) Agency for International Development C) World Bank D) Secretary of Economics E) None of the above
B) Agency for International Development
All of the following are functions of The Department of State except which one? A) Routine daily functions of foreign policy B) Formulating military policy and maintaining the armed forces C) Maintaining diplomatic relations with over 180 countries D) Operating over 250 embassies, consulates, and other posts around the world E) Representing the United States abroad
B) Formulating military policy and maintaining the armed forces
The New Deal did which of the following? A) Spanned the first two terms of President Franklin D. Roosevelt B) Spanned the first two terms of Dwight D. Eisenhower C) Established a pervasive and active role for the national government D) A & C E) B & C
D) A & C
The Welfare Reform Act did which of the following? A) Placed work and training requirements on TANF B) Fundamentally altered welfare C) Provided many additional benefits for those on welfare D) A and B E) A and C
D) A and B
What is the purpose of the Intermediate Nuclear Forces Treaty (INF)? A) It banned an entire category of nuclear weapons (missiles with ranges between 3,000 and 3,400 miles). B) It provided for intrusive on-site inspection procedures. C) It allowed only the United States and Soviet Union to have nuclear arms. D) A and B only E) B and C only
D) A and B only
What are some of the areas on which government spends money? A) Social entitlements B) Foreign aid C) Interest of debt D) All of the above E) None of the above
D) All of the above
What does idealism as an approach to foreign policy advocate? A) Nature is basically good. B) War and other forms of conflict are not the normal condition of mankind. C) The goal of American foreign policy should be to promote the principles of universal peace, human rights, and democracy. D) All of the above E) None of the above
D) All of the above
Which of the following is a common domestic policy debate question? A) What should government do? B) Who should gain from the benefits of government action? C) Who should pay the costs? D) All of the above E) None of the above
D) All of the above
What does isolationism as an approach to foreign policy advocate? A) America should be a beacon light of liberty for all humanity. B) America should not attempt to impose its way of life on other societies. C) America would only be contaminated by its involvement in the power struggles of the world. D) All of the above. E) None of the above.
D) All of the above.
Why are some countries referred to as "developing nations"? A) Their standard of living lags far behind that of the industrialized states. B) They cannot gain an economic foothold. C) They cannot maintain political stability in the world. D) All of the above. E) None of the above.
D) All of the above.
Authorization and appropriation are two separate budget steps that _________________ must take before any federal money can actually be spent. A) the president B) the Federal Reserve Board C) the Director of the OMB D) Congress E) None of the above
D) Congress
Which of the following factors affect the agenda of government? I. Threats of war II. Changes in technology III. The evolution of social values A) I only B) I and III only C) I and II only D) I, II, and III E) None of the above
D) I, II, and III
What kind of spending is mandatory spending? A) It is entirely for disadvantaged youth. B) It requires specific congressional authorization each year. C) It is the same as discretionary spending. D) It is automatic without specific congressional authorization from one year to the next. E) None of the above
D) It is automatic without specific congressional authorization from one year to the next.
Unlike social insurance, beneficiaries of ______________ programs do not pay money into the programs before they receive benefits. A) Medicare B) Medicaid C) Unemployment Compensation D) Means-tested E) Social Security
D) Means-tested
All except which of the following are examples of Congress's ability to limit presidential authority. A) Limiting U.S. arms sales B) Limiting intervention in Angola C) Continuing the bombing of Cambodia and Laos during the Vietnam War D) Negotiating with foreign powers E) Sending troops into combat for longer than sixty days
D) Negotiating with foreign powers
Established for U.S government budget and accounting purposes, the fiscal year is a twelve-month period beginning each year on _____________ and ending on __________________ the following calendar year. A) January 1st; January 1st B) February 1st; January 31st C) June 1st; May 31st D) October 1st; September 30th E) December 1st; November 31st
D) October 1st; September 30th
The ______ directs overseas information programs? A) Agency for International Development B) World Bank C) Secretary of Economics D) Office of International Programs E) None of the above
D) Office of International Programs
The federal budgetary process includes, in order, the following: A) Agency expenditure of funds, congressional response, presidential proposal B) Congressional response, presidential proposal, agency expenditure of funds C) Presidential proposal, agency expenditure of funds, congressional response D) Presidential proposal, congressional response, agency expenditure of funds E) None of the above
D) Presidential proposal, congressional response, agency expenditure of funds
Although most policies are not evaluated formally, they are often appraised informally during which process? A) Implementation B) Agenda setting C) National government D) Incrementalism E) None of the above
A) Implementation
Which word refers to the belief that America should not involve itself in the quarrels of Europe and Asia and that America should pursue a policy of military nonintervention? A) Isolationism B) Internationalism C) Incrementalism D) Extranationalism E) None of the above
A) Isolationism
The Cold War saw military conflict in the form of the _____. A) Korean War B) Iraq War C) Japan Conflict D) Asian Conflict E) None of the above
A) Korean War
Which policy determines how much money should circulate in the economy and what the cost of borrowing money, or interest rate, should be? A) Monetary policy B) Fiscal policy C) Social policy D) Regulatory policy E) None of the above
A) Monetary policy
_______________ represents the cost that government must pay the public for the use of borrowed money to cover budget deficits. A) Net interest B) Total interest C) Aggregate interest D) Annual percentage rate E) Adjustable percentage rate
A) Net interest
Which office is the agency in the Executive Office of the President that provides the president with budgetary information and advice and is responsible for compiling the president's annual budget proposal to Congress? A) Office of Management and Budget B) Office of Executive and Budget C) Agency of Management and Budget D) Agency of Executive and Budget E) Fiscal Budget and Monetary Policy Agency
A) Office of Management and Budget
Which of the following is the correct order of stages in the policy process according to your textbook? A) Policy problem on agenda, policy formulation, policy adoption, policy implementation, policy evaluation B) Policy evaluation, policy implementation, policy adoption, policy formulation, policy problem on the agenda C) Policy formulation, policy adoption, policy problem on the agenda, policy evaluation, policy implementation D) Policy implementation, policy formulation, policy adoption, policy evaluation, policy problem on the agenda E) None of the above
A) Policy problem on agenda, policy formulation, policy adoption, policy implementation, policy evaluation
Some Americans believe the government should restrict the flow of foreign goods into the United States. To what does this refer? A) Protectionism B) Laissez-faire C) Free trade D) Reciprocity E) None of the above
A) Protectionism
What is it called when governments choose to do or not to do something? A) Public policy B) Political process C) Procedural policy D) What the public wants E) None of the above
A) Public policy
According to your textbook, what are the two approaches to how public policy are made? A) Rational comprehensive and incrementalism B) Irrational comprehensive and instrumentalism C) Regulatory and irregulatory D) Domestic and foreign E) Public and private
A) Rational comprehensive and incrementalism
If legal spending limits are exceeded, what orders does the president issue to make the required cuts? A) Sequestration B) Single-sided C) Fiscal D) Legislative E) None of the above
A) Sequestration
Which is the largest single category of social welfare spending? A) Social insurance programs B) Education C) Veterans' programs D) Public aid E) Housing
A) Social insurance programs
Like a huge check processor, the national government takes money from taxpayers or borrows it and disburses cash or in-kind benefits, such as food stamps, to millions of people who qualify because of old age, disability, unemployment, or poverty. According to your textbook, these are examples of which of the following? A) Social welfare B) Foreign and defense policies C) Regulation D) Elitism E) Capitalism
A) Social welfare
What is Social Darwinism's basic theory? A) States and individuals must struggle for survival. B) The strong must help the weak. C) God helps those that help themselves. D) Humans evolved from apes. E) None of the above
A) States and individuals must struggle for survival.
Which of the following is an example of the bureaucratic model of policymaking? A) The bureaucracies themselves offer commitment and expertise in order to inform the process. B) The bureaucracies rely on the advice of other states to offer expertise in order to inform the process. C) The ruling bureaucracy makes the decisions that inform the process. D) The best bureaucracy in each state makes the decisions that inform the process. E) None of the above
A) The bureaucracies themselves offer commitment and expertise in order to inform the process.
The Joint Chiefs of Staff consist of all except which one of the following persons? A) The chief of the National Guard B) The chief of staff of the Army C) The chief of staff of the Air Force D) The chief of Naval operations E) The commandant of the Marine Corps
A) The chief of the National Guard
What is the basic problem of the Social Security program? A) There are more demands and less money. B) The foreign and military policies are so expensive. C) People live far longer than before. D) Medical costs are rising. E) None of the above
A) There are more demands and less money.
All except which of the following programs were enacted after 1963? A) Unemployment Compensation B) Medicaid C) Food stamps/SNAP D) Supplemental Security Income E) Medicare
A) Unemployment Compensation
In the original Social Security Act of 1935, which of the following were insured? A) Workers in commerce and industry B) Self-employed farmers C) Military personnel D) The President E) All of the above
A) Workers in commerce and industry
The policy strategies designed to reach the fundamental causes of poverty and enable individuals to get out of poverty and lead productive, self- sufficient lives are _____. A) curative strategies B) alleviative strategies C) social welfare programs D) means-tested programs E) poverty thresholds
A) curative strategies
The budget for the Federal Bureau of Investigation is an example of ____________ spending because Congress can change FBI budget amounts from one year to the next. A) domestic discretionary B) federal discretionary C) foreign discretionary D) local discretionary E) nondiscretionary
A) domestic discretionary
From the early 1940s through the early 1970s, national defense was the government number one expenditure. However, since the early 1970s which of the following has surpassed all other government spending combined? A) Physical Resources B) Human Resources C) Net Interests D) Other Functions E) Education
B) Human Resources
In reality, what is policy debate really about? A) Agenda B) Ideas C) Benefits D) Science E) Technology
B) Ideas
According to your text, which of the following statements about incrementalism is invalid? A) Incrementalism poses lower information demands. B) Incrementalism poses unrealistic demands on people making policy decisions. C) Incrementalism holds that a capacity to achieve agreement among contesting interests defines good public policy. D) Incrementalism has been criticized for being too conservative in its implications. E) Incrementalism neglects some interest in the search for appropriate purposes of government.
B) Incrementalism poses unrealistic demands on people making policy decisions.
According to your textbook, what are the two main groups involved in the policy formulation stage of the policy process? A) The courts and the president B) Interest groups and elected officials C) Voters and the armed forces D) Teachers and students E) None of the above
B) Interest groups and elected officials
_____ refers to the foreign policy perspective that concludes that America's interests in peace abroad and liberty at home requires America's permanent involvement in world affairs. A) Isolationism B) Internationalism C) Incrementalism D) Extra-nationalism E) None of the above
B) Internationalism
Which of the following is involved in formulating policy proposals? A) It comes prior to the demand to "do something about it." B) It involves a policy strategy. C) It is one stage of policymaking that does not involve public debate. D) It takes place in the final stages of policymaking. E) None of the above
B) It involves a policy strategy.
The policy proclaimed in 1969 that stipulated the U.S. will support its allies with economic and military aid is the _____. A) Truman Doctrine B) Nixon Doctrine C) Ford Doctrine D) Kennedy Doctrine E) None of the above
B) Nixon Doctrine
The decision to mandate that welfare recipients go to school or complete a specified number of community service hours per week is an example of what? A) Policy agenda B) Policy strategy C) Policy adoption D) Policy implementation E) None of the above
B) Policy strategy
The Progressive Era was known for all except which one of the following? A) Direct primaries B) Public health insurance programs C) Restriction on corporations D) Improved public services E) Protection of consumers against unsafe products
B) Public health insurance programs
Often considered a governmental tool that shapes sectors of the economy, which are considered a special category of policy? A) Legal rights B) Regulation C) Social welfare D) Promotion of science E) Systems
B) Regulation
The military-industrial complex includes all except which one of the following ? A) The Pentagon B) The Supreme Court C) Major corporations whose profits depend on large defense contracts D) Members of Congress whose states and districts include these contractors or military installations E) Unions whose members depend on defense work
B) The Supreme Court
Which of the following is true of the issues on the policy agenda? A) They are static. B) They are always changing. C) They do not include money as a public resource. D) They are independent of the times. E) None of the above
B) They are always changing.
Although an issue can get on the policy agenda and various policy stages can be debated, nothing happens until policy ___________ of a proposal by institutions of government. A) implementation B) adoption C) creation D) evaluation E) None of the above
B) adoption
The policy strategies that are designed to make poverty more bearable for individuals, rather than designed to attack poverty by reaching its fundamental causes, are _____. A) curative strategies B) alleviative strategies C) social welfare programs D) means-tested programs E) poverty thresholds
B) alleviative strategies
Legislative action taken by Congress that allows spending to proceed at the previous year's level when Congress has not met the deadline for reaching agreement on appropriations for the next fiscal year is called ______. A) continuing refutation B) continuing resolution C) recurring resolution D) recurring continuation E) fiscal reform
B) continuing resolution
The _______ is the sum of deficits of prior years. A) interest rate B) debt C) government surplus D) total amount of government revenues E) None of the above
B) debt
Noncash benefits, such as medical care services, that the needy receive from some social welfare programs are referred to as _________ benefits. A) means-tested B) in-kind C) in-jest D) curative E) alleviative
B) in-kind
The total package of Social Security called "OASDI" is a combination of the following insurance programs: A) ombudsman, senators, and diplomats' insurance B) old age, survivors', and disability insurance C) organizations, states, and demographics insurance D) orphanages, safe houses, and dormitory insurance E) None of the above
B) old age, survivors', and disability insurance
An economic slump is characterized as a ___________ when the slump is relatively minor and short-lived and a ____________ when it is serious and sustained. A) depression; recession B) recession; depression C) progression; congression D) incision; revision E) decision; incision
B) recession; depression
Congress _________________ budget deadlines. A) usually makes B) regularly misses C) has never made D) has never missed E) None of the above
B) regularly misses
Programs that provide cash or services to the aged, the disabled, and the unemployed, regardless of income level are classified _____. A) Social Security programs B) social insurance programs C) economic welfare programs D) poverty assistance programs E) None of the above
B) social insurance programs
The steps in the budgeting process for each fiscal year take two and a half years to complete. If the end of the fiscal year does not complete appropriation action, Congress enacts __________ appropriations. A) permanent B) temporary C) mandatory D) discretionary E) compensatory
B) temporary
The failure of the United States and _____________ to agree on the disposition of Germany resulted in the creation of two German states. A) The United Kingdom B) the Soviet Union C) Germany D) Japan E) Italy
B) the Soviet Union
Poverty analysts call the individuals isolated from the rest of society and for whom poverty is a continuing way of life the _______. A) bottomclass B) underclass C) overclass D) middleclass E) head of the class
B) underclass
Domestic policy is a category of policy that is comprised of policy decisions on matters affecting individuals ______. A) abroad B) within a political system C) within a family D) within a marriage E) None of the above
B) within a political system
Realism, as an approach to foreign policy, advocates all except which of the following? A) Accept conflict as a permanent part of international politics. B) Believe that foreign policy can, at best, limit conflict, not eliminate it. C) Assume that war and other forms of conflict are not the normal condition of mankind. D) Believe that peace and national self-interest are best assured by constructing a stable balance of power. E) Support a policy of limits.
C) Assume that war and other forms of conflict are not the normal condition of mankind.
Congress made fundamental changes in Gramm-Rudman-Hollings and tried a new approach to the deficit in which of the following? A) Tax Reform Act of 1988 B) Tax Reform Act of 1986 C) Budget Enforcement Act of 1990 D) National Budget Act of 1989 E) None of the above
C) Budget Enforcement Act of 1990
According to your textbook, which are the two interpretations of who makes public policy? A) Systems and models B) Free market and fixed market capitalism models C) Elitism and pluralism D) Rational and irrational approaches E) Public and social policy
C) Elitism and pluralism
For what is the Department of Defense responsible? A) Directing overseas information programs B) The routine daily functions of foreign policy C) Formulating military policy and maintaining the armed forces D) Gathering information and coordinating foreign intelligence operations in the federal government E) Coordinating economic assistance programs
C) Formulating military policy and maintaining the armed forces
Which of the following is not true about public policy? A) Debates over procedures and rules are really debates over policy. B) Public policy results mirror conflicts in demands. C) Government action affects all citizens in exactly the same way. D) Even policies that protect some "common" good are differential in their consequences. E) None of the above
C) Government action affects all citizens in exactly the same way.
What is the importance of the Budget Enforcement Act of 1990? A) It mandated progressively higher annual cuts in the deficit to achieve a balanced budget. B) It provided Congress with budgetary expertise. C) It fundamentally changed budget deficit reduction efforts from the focus on deficit targets to a focus on ceilings or caps on specific categories of spending. D) It changed congressional budget procedures by creating budget committees. E) It allowed spending to proceed at the previous year's level.
C) It fundamentally changed budget deficit reduction efforts from the focus on deficit targets to a focus on ceilings or caps on specific categories of spending.
What is incrementalism? A) It is the same as the countervailing theory. B) It is inclined toward large shifts in policy. C) It holds that present decisions are only marginally different from past decisions. D) It requires higher information demands than the rational-comprehensive model. E) None of the above
C) It holds that present decisions are only marginally different from past decisions.
Which concept believes the government should leave the economy alone? A) Protectionism B) Keynesian economics C) Laissez-faire economics D) Marxian economics E) None of the above
C) Laissez-faire economics
Do rehabilitation programs (employment training, special counseling, etc.) reduce, in fact, the likelihood that individuals released from prison will commit crimes again? According to your textbook, this is an example of the type of question asked during what? A) Policy implementation B) Policy agenda C) Policy evaluation D) Policy setting E) Policy understanding
C) Policy evaluation
To which of the following does the act of determining whether a formally adopted and implemented policy ameliorated or solved a public problem referr? A) Policy questioning B) Policy answering C) Policy evaluation D) Policy determination E) Policy understanding
C) Policy evaluation
What does the policy agenda represent? A) The schedule of events for traveling legislators B) The calendar of the election cycle C) Public issues that engage the attention of elected officials D) Public issues that engage the attention of the voters E) None of the above
C) Public issues that engage the attention of elected officials
All except which of the following government administrators report to the Secretary of Defense secretary? A) Secretary of the Army B) Secretary of the Navy C) Secretary of State D) Inspector General E) Secretary of the Air Force
C) Secretary of State
Which of the following is the heart of Keynesian economics? A) Since supply will always outweigh demand, the government should use its fiscal policy to bring the two into balance B) Since supply will always underweigh demand, the government should use its fiscal policy to bring the two into balance. C) Since supply and demand will not automatically balance, the government should use its fiscal policy to bring the two into balance. D) Monetary policy, rather than fiscal policy, is the best way to control the level of demand for goods and services. E) None of the above
C) Since supply and demand will not automatically balance, the government should use its fiscal policy to bring the two into balance.
_____ concerns have played an important role in recent debates over whether to reduce the deficit by taxing the rich. The argument put forth against taxing the rich is that they are more likely to invest their money. A) Monetarist B) Keynesian C) Supply-side D) Socialist E) None of the above
C) Supply-side
All of the following are true about line-item veto except which one? A) It is a power through which a chief executive reacting to a bill passed by the legislature may accept some items in the bill while also rejecting other items in the same bill. B) Most state governors have this power. C) The president has this power. D) It gives the power to approve some items in an appropriations bill and reject others. E) None of the above
C) The president has this power.
Why are certain welfare programs referred to as "means-tested programs?" A) They have been tested by mean people. B) They have been tested by those with means. C) They provide cash or benefits to individuals who qualify by having little or no income. D) They provide cash or benefits to individuals who qualify by have too many children. E) None of the above
C) They provide cash or benefits to individuals who qualify by having little or no income.
Issues such as the Arab oil embargo of the 1970s and the mortgage crisis of the 2000s were added quickly to the policy agenda because of which of the following? A) Oil companies make a lot of money. B) Mortgage companies make a lot of money. C) They were public issues that engaged the attention of elected officials. D) They were public issues that engaged oil and mortgage companies. E) None of the above
C) They were public issues that engaged the attention of elected officials.
This policy proclaimed that the United States would oppose the expansion of communism anywhere in the world. A) Marshall Plan B) Truman Plan C) Truman Doctrine D) Roosevelt Doctrine E) Soviet Doctrine
C) Truman Doctrine
A local non-profit organization that provides a safe place for adolescent girls after school is closing because it can no longer solidify funding from local fundraising initiatives. As a result, the organization's program director, Stacey, loses her job. We know that Stacey is now eligible for which program? A) Social Security B) Medicaid C) Unemployment compensation D) Welfare reform E) Supplemental nutrition
C) Unemployment compensation
During which of the following conflicts did the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) begin conducting covert political activities? A) Cold war B) Vietnam Conflict C) WW II D) WW I E) None of the above
C) WW II
Which of these agencies of the United Nations makes loans to poorer nations for economic development? A) United Bank B) National Bank C) World Bank D) Economic Bank E) None of the above
C) World Bank
Congress can limit the president's authority to conduct _____. A) internal investigations B) inquests C) arms sales D) preliminary budget hearings E) None of the above
C) arms sales
A planned statement of expenditure that includes specific categories of spending is a _____. A) deficit B) surplus C) budget D) debt E) recession
C) budget
The president relies largely on the Office of Management and Budget to make ______. A) monetary policy B) social policy C) fiscal policy D) budgetary policy E) None of the above
C) fiscal policy
The effort of protecting of United States soil, particularly from foreign or terrorist attack, is ______. A) foreign defense spending B) the military complex C) homeland security D) houseland security E) the CIA
C) homeland security
The process through which policies, once established, are changed piecemeal over time is ______. A) capitalism B) socialism C) incrementalism D) individualism E) antidisestablishmentarianism
C) incrementalism
The Federal Reserve System is the key institution for the implementation of ______. A) regulatory policy B) fiscal policy C) monetary policy D) social policy E) None of the above
C) monetary policy
Programs, such as Social Security and Medicaid, whereby eligible individuals receive benefits according to law are called _____. A) social mediums B) social imperatives C) social entitlements D) social studies E) socialism
C) social entitlements
Governmental programs such as social insurance and poverty programs that are directed specifically toward promoting the well-being of individuals and families are referred to as _____. A) economic progress B) economic policy C) social welfare D) social warfare E) class warfare
C) social welfare
The running total of deficits over the years is considered _____. A) a surplus B) the deficit C) the national debt D) monetary policy E) None of the above
C) the national debt
Basic research, new innovations, and changing public expectations have drawn the national government into efforts to achieve certain public policy goals with the help of knowledge and expertise. Of what is this an example? A) Regulation B) Economic policies C) Protection of legal and constitutional rights D) Promotion of science and technology E) Welfare
D) Promotion of science and technology
All except which one of the following are examples of social entitlement programs? A) Social Security B) Medicare C) Medicaid D) Public Education E) Unemployment Compensation
D) Public Education
Government often places limits on interest rates of mortgages and credit cards. Of what is this an example? A) Social welfare B) Protection of legal rights C) Protection of constitutional rights D) Regulation E) Defense policies
D) Regulation
n this model, policymaking is the product of an interlocking relationship between institutions of government and its surrounding social, economic, and political environment. A) Quantum model B) Quintus model C) Sanctions model D) Systems model E) Process model
D) Systems model
All except which of the following nations was a founding member of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) in 1949? A) The United States B) Britain C) France D) The Soviet Union E) Italy
D) The Soviet Union
The change in social welfare policy is the most significant policy change over the past century in terms of which of the following? A) The amount of time spent developing it B) The number of employees C) The number of constitutional challenges it has faced D) The amount of money spent E) None of the above
D) The amount of money spent
For most government programs, Congress must take two separate steps before money can actually be spent. The first step is program ______________, or the congressional decision to create (or continue) a program and the agency administering it. The second step is program ______________, the congressional decision to fund an authorized program with a specific sum of money. A) funding; creation B) financing; ideation C) appropriation; authorization D) authorization; appropriation E) limiting; delimiting
D) authorization; appropriation
Evaluation is the __________ step in the process of making policy. A) first B) second C) third D) final E) None of the above
D) final
The definition of poverty that holds that individuals with less, regardless of their absolute income level will feel poor or deprived relative to those who have more is _____. A) poverty B) poverty threshold C) relative depreciation D) relative deprivation E) social welfare
D) relative deprivation
The income level differentiated by family size, annually adjusted for inflation, and below which government defines individuals as being poor is _____. A) relative deprivation B) relative poverty C) the working poor D) the poverty threshold E) the poverty welfare
D) the poverty threshold
According to your textbook, which of the following are practical limits on Congressional power in the field of foreign policy? A) Congress cannot forge a coherent foreign policy. B) Congress cannot negotiate with foreign powers. C) Congress cannot respond quickly to international crises. D) Congress cannot conduct the day-to-day business of foreign relations. E) All of the above
E) All of the above
Economic policy refers to the decisions a government makes that affect which of the following? A) Production, distribution, and consumption of goods B) Provision of services C) Flow of income D) The accumulation of wealth E) All of the above
E) All of the above
TANF is defined as what? A) It was part of the Social Security Act of 1935. B) It provides cash assistance to needy children and an adult relative. C) It is administered by the states. D) The monthly payments vary by state. E) All of the above
E) All of the above
The courts, presidents, and members of Congress vied to protect the legal and constitutional rights of which of the following groups? A) Ethnic minorities B) Americans with disabilities C) Criminals D) Christians E) All of the above
E) All of the above
The invasions of Grenada (1983) and Panama (1989) were designed to oust dictatorships and install friendly democratic governments that _______. A) found broad public support B) were brief C) involved relatively few troops D) resulted in minor casualties E) All of the above
E) All of the above
What is the job of the Congressional Budget Office? A) It has the responsibility of providing Congress with needed information about the budget. B) It supplies analytical expertise to sharpen budgetary choices for Congress. C) It places limits on the president's impoundment powers. D) It created budget committees in both the House and Senate. E) All of the above
E) All of the above
Which of the following are components of the Rational Comprehensive Approach to how public policy is made? A) Decision makers should identify problems. B) Decision makers should rank the values they wish to achieve. C) Decision makers should consider various policy alternatives that can attain defined values. D) Decision makers should select and implement policy strategy that can best achieve stated values with the highest benefit and lowest cost. E) All of the above
E) All of the above
Which of the following areas of government are involved in the policy adoption stage of the policy process? A) Bureaucracies B) Congress C) The president D) The courts E) All of the above
E) All of the above
Which of the following is a current issue for U.S. foreign and defense policy? A) The demands of Congress and the public B) The concerns of our allies C) The unpredictable social forces in the developing world D) The ever-present dangers of nuclear arms and other weapons of mass destruction E) All of the above
E) All of the above
Which of the following is true of the International Monetary Fund? A) It consists of 187 countries. B) It has resources of $325 billion. C) It seeks to achieve its economic objectives through increased international trade. D) It makes funds available to nations experiencing debt crises. E) All of the above
E) All of the above
According to your textbook, Social Security benefits make up the largest share of income for which population? A) Ages 55-61 only B) Ages 62-64 only C) Ages 65 and older only D) Ages 80 and older only E) Both C & D
E) Both C & D
Which of the following is not an example of policy adoption? A) Formal, authoritative decision to leave policy where it was before the debate began B) The proposal of revisions C) Debate D) Entertaining different officials in public hearings E) Translating ideas into action
E) Translating ideas into action
