Unit 4: The Progressive Movement

People who made society aware of injustices became known as

"muckrakers"

Notable Suffragists

-Elizabeth Cady Stanton -Susan B. Anthony -Carrie Chapman Catt

Carrie Chapman Catt

-National American Woman Suffrage Association

Susan B. Anthony

-National Women Suffrage Association -American Woman Suffrage Association

Elizabeth Cady Stanton

-Seneca Falls Convention for Women's Rights

What was also a target for Reform?

Big Business

The movement took the position that government should take a more active role in

solving the problems of society.

Direct primaries were introduced in many states, and elections could include

the initiative, referendum, and recall.

What were some popular progressive issues?

Child labor, worker safety, and women's rights

Department of Commerce and Labor

Deals made between the department and companies gave Roosevelt the ability to regulate big business without having to sacrifice economic efficiency by breaking up the trusts.

Despite the differences in perspective, how does the author's letter corroborate Document A? How does it corroborate Document C?

Despite the differences in perspective, the author's letter corroborates Document A by agreeing that there is less work for some American laboring men. Despite the differences in perspective, the author's letter corroborates Document C by agreeing that they are not yet educated and have not yet conformed to their laws. He claims that they will educate themselves and conform to the laws if they receive the same privileges as others, but he is still saying that they are neither educated nor assimilated.

Progressives worked to improve

the social welfare of the nation.

What evidence does this Ar Chong document provide about why Chinese immigration was restricted in 1882?

The evidence that this document provides about why Chinese immigration was restricted in 1882 was that the Chinese were neither educated nor assimilated and there were less jobs for American laboring men.

What was also popular during the Progressive Movement?

Government reforms

Where had Pixley been attorney general? How might this corroborate information in the timeline?

He was the former Attorney General of California. This confirms information in the timeline because during this time, there was an economic depression. Also, there were hate crimes against the Chinese in San Francisco in the following year, and after that it was ruled that the Chinese could not become citizens.

Pure Food and Drug Act

It prohibited the manufacture, sale, or shipment of impure or falsely labeled food and drugs.

Meat Inspection Act

It required federal inspection of meat sold through interstate commerce and required the Agriculture Department to set standards of cleanliness in meatpacking

Write a hypothesis for why Chinese immigration was restricted in 1882.

It was rooted in jobs. The Chinese Immigrants were brought over to help with the railroads, but the railroads were completed in 1869. They had to find other jobs and the Americans believed that the Chinese were taking their jobs. Chinese immigration was also restricted because of racism and hatred of outsiders.

Who was Jane Addams?

Jane Addams was a progressive social reformer and activist. She also established a settlement house called the Hull House in Chicago.

What other cause did Jane Addams support?

Jane Addams was active as a suffragist.

Theodore Roosevelt's Square Deal

Name of TD's programs of reform. Focused on busting trusts, gov't regulation of big biz, fair chance for labor, and environmental conservation

What evidence does this document provide about why Chinese immigration was restricted in 1882?

Nativism- "Our COUNTRY, OUR PEOPLE, GOD AND OUR NATIVE LAND" "We say We say in conclusion that the CHINAMAN takes labor from our country without the returning prosperity to our land the way the labor of our labor does to our glorious country."

Seventeenth Amendment

Permitted direct elections of senators

Where did Pixley give this testimony? What does this suggest about American voters' opinions about Chinese immigration?

Pixley gave this testimony at the Joint Committee of the two Houses of Congress on Chinese Immigration. They had a whole committee dedicated to Chinese immigration. This suggests that American voters' did the like Chinese immigration and were against them becoming citizens.

What also occurred during the Progressive Era?

Prohibition and reforms in child labor and health and safety occurred during the Progressive Era.

Eighteenth Amendment

Prohibition of alcohol

Federal Strike Mediation

Roosevelt intervened in a dispute between mine owners and the UMW (union), helped establish the federal government as an honest broker between powerful groups in society.

Trustbusting -use of Sherman Antitrust Act -Passage of Expedition Act

Roosevelt wanted to ensure that trusts did not abuse their power, so they did not hurt the public interest. His first target was J.P. Morgan's "Northern Securities". It regulates competition among enterprises.

What role did settlement houses play during the Progressive Era?

Settlement houses provided services, such as education, to newly arriving immigrants and the poor with the goal of assimilation into American culture. For example, Jane Addams's Hull House in Chicago.

Jacob Riis Photos

Showed that there were no separate rooms in the tenements of New York City. Multiple people had to sleep, cook, hang clothes, etc. all in the same small room. Pots and pans were stacked, hanging everywhere. Showed how the other half lived. It showed people who lived in the tenements of New York City, lived in tiny shacks that were falling apart..

Explain the meaning of the term "Social Gospel"?

Social Gospel refers to a movement of using Christian beliefs to bring about social reform.

What is Pixley's argument for ending Chinese immigration?

The Chinese will never become like the Americans; they will never be the same. They are aliens; they will never become American citizens. They are also uneducated and have no interest in improving this country.

Hepburn Act

The act was intended to strengthen the Interstate Commerce Commission (ICC) by giving it the power to set railroad

United States Forest Service

The department drew up regulations to control lumbering on federal lands. Roosevelt also added more than 100 million acres to the protected national forests and established five new national parks and 51 federal wildlife reservations.

How might the economic conditions described Doc B have influenced the opinion of the Pioneer Laundry Workers in Doc A?

The economic crisis would escalate the feelings of hostility towards Chinese workers.

What evidence does this Pixley document provide about why Chinese immigration was restricted in 1882?

The evidence that this document provides about why Chinese immigration was restricted in 1882 was that the American people felt like the Chinese could never become like them; they could never assimilate with the American people. They also felt like the Chinese were uneducated people that did not care about improving the country. They felt that the Chinese were aliens; they could not be citizens.

Why did members of the Pioneer Laundry Workers Assembly hold these views?

They are frustrated that their jobs are being taken by Chinese Immigrants. They feel that Chinese immigrants are taking away Americans' ability to provide for their wives and children. Businesses are being forced to cut the wages of Americans.

Newlands Reclamation Act

This act authorized the use of federal funds from public land sales to pay for irrigation and land development projects.

Who wrote the document? How was the author's perspective different than the authors of the other documents?

Wong Ar Chong wrote this document. Wong Ar Chong was a Chinese American tea merchant in Boston. His perspective was different from everyone else's of the other documents because he was the only Chinese author.

Does this document provide evidence about what led to the restriction of Chinese immigration in 1882? Why or why not?

Yes, Doc B provides evidence about the condition of the economy at the time. Money was scarce, so Americans are going to panic and be very stingy with their money and opportunities to get money (jobs). The economy was in a low place and they felt like having Chinese Immigrants in the country took away their jobs and opportunity.

Who is Ida Tarbell?

a famous journalist that exposed corruption at Standard Oil. (Muckraker)

What led to government reforms?

corrupt governments and corrupt elections

The Interstate Commerce Commission was created to

regulate railroads

Nineteenth Amendment (1920)

granted women the right to vote

The Progressive era was a time when

improvements to society were attempted by both citizens and politicians.

After the Civil War ended, women's rights groups focused on

obtaining the right to vote for women.

Suffragists

people who worked for women's right to vote