Unit 4 - World War 1 QUESTIONS
Why did the United States reject the Treaty of Versailles (1919)?
Why did the United States reject the Treaty of Versailles (1919)?
Which countries were part of the Big Four?
The Big Four was made up of the United States, France, Great Britain, and Italy.
How did total war lead to rationing?
Total war led to rationing because governments around the world wanted to devote the maximum number of resources possible towards the fighting, and could achieve this by managing/rationing the resources themselves.
Turkey is an important ally. Give two reasons why the United States will not call it the Armenian "genocide?"
Turkey is an important ally to the U.S. because it is the largest Muslim country in Europe and serves as a gateway to the Middle East. By not calling it the Armenian "genocide" America seeks to not antagonize Turkey and thus reap the many benefits of having them as an ally.
What two internal factors contributed to Russia's struggles? What two external factors contributed to Russia's struggles?
Two internal factors that contributed to Russia's wartime struggles included their lack of industrialization (especially their lack of railroads, which made it difficult to mobilize troops, send supplies to the front lines, etc.) and extremely cold winters (which killed off more soldiers than the fighting itself). Two external factors that contributed to Russia's wartime difficulties included the fact that Ally supply lines to them were cut off in the north by German control of the Baltic Sea + aggressive German submarine warfare in the North sea, and in the south by the Ottomans that controlled the straits leading from the Mediterranean Sea to the Black Sea.
What is the significance of April 24, 1915 and the years that follow?
April 24, 1915 and the years that follow marked the period of time in which the Armenian genocide occurred.
Why was Archduke Franz Ferdinand and his wife Sophie assassinated on June 28, 1914?
Archduke Franz Ferdinand (the heir to the Austro-Hungarian throne) and his wife Sophie were assassinated on June 28, 1914 while visiting Sarajevo (the capital city of Bosnia and Herzegovina) by Gavrilo Princip (a Serbian man who was part of the terrorist organization the Black Hand) because he wished to strike against the Austrians and force them to secede their rule over Bosnia, after which Serbia would be able to take control of the country.
How and why was Archduke Franz Ferdinand's assassination the "spark" of the war?
Archduke Franz Ferdinand's assassination was the "spark" for WWI since it set off a chain reaction of events in which all of Europe declared war on each other, while calling upon old alliances, to fight one another on an unprecedented scale. It began with Austria-Hungary declaring war on Serbia, after which Russia began to mobilize, followed up with Germany declaring war on Russia and France within two days, and ending with Great Britain declaring war on Germany after they invaded Belgium.
Briefly describe three ways in which women contributed to the war effort.
During WWI women contributed to the war effort by taking on their husband's businesses and jobs while they fought on the front lines, assuming roles in factories to produce weapons, supplies, etc., and becoming front-line nurses to aid wounded soldiers.
How was Europe like a "powder keg" in the early 1900's and what are the main causes of WWI?
Europe was like a "powder keg" in the early 1900's since ideologies such as nationalism, militarism, and imperialism had swept over the continent and created hostilities among the Europeans as they competed against one another to be the "best." In addition, the Balkans trying to secure their independence from the Ottoman Empire created further instabilities in the continent as peace was becoming strained.
What are four new countries that were created after World War I?
Four new countries that were created after World War I included Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, and Finland.
Which four new independent countries were established from Russia?
Four new independent countries that were established from Russia include Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, and Finland.
According to the provisions of the Treaty of Versailles (1919), what are four ways in which Germany was punished?
Four ways Germany was punished according to the provisions of the Treaty of Versailles (1919) was by forcing them to return the Alsace-Lorraine territory to France, giving up all their oversea colonies, setting restrictions on their army size, and placing sole blame for the war on Germany by making them pay $33 billion in war reparations.
According to the provisions of the Treaty of Versailles (1919), what are five ways in which Germany was punished?
Germany was punished by being forced to return the Alsace-Lorraine territory to France, giving up all their oversea colonies, setting restrictions on their army size, prohibiting them from building/ buying submarines/airplanes, and placing sole blame for the war on Germany by making them pay $33 billion in war reparations.
Why were Great Britain and France hesitant to accept President Wilson's 14 Points?
Great Britain and France were hesitant to accept President Wilson's 14 Points because they were more concerned with national security (which the 14 Points weakened by trying to reduce global militaries) and punishing Germany for the entirety of WWI (which the 14 Points did not attend to at all).
What new "enemy" emerged and threatened both sides of the war?
Influenza. A disease that wiped out millions off soldiers and civilians
Explain the three German actions that led the United States to enter World War I
Naval blockade established around Britain + unrestricted submarine warfare, the sinking of the Lusitania, and the Zimmerman Telegram.
What is one way colonized people contributed to the war effort?
One way colonized peoples contributed to the war effort included them shipping raw materials/supplies to the front lines of battle.
Which # of the 14 points ended secret treaties?
Point #1.
Which # of the 14 Points established the League of Nations?
Point #14.
Which # of the points talked about "impartial adjustments of colonial claims and taking into consideration the people within such area?"
Point #5.
Why was Russia and Germany excluded from the League of Nations?
Russia was excluded from the League of Nations due to being in the grips of a civil war that led to the establishment of communism in the newly-formed USSR (and for leaving the war early), something the rest of the capitalist world did not approve of. Germany, on the other hand, was not represented in the League of Nations since they were blamed entirely for the war, and thus were not allowed to have a voice when it came to the reparations that had to be made.
Briefly explain the event that took place leading Germany and France to sign an armistice.
Russia's withdrawal from the war at last allowed Germany to send nearly all its forces to the Western Front. In March 1918, the Germans mounted one final, massive attack on the Allies in France. Crushing through everything in their path, the Germans were 40 miles away from Paris by late May of 1918. However, the Allies sensed that the enemy was weak/tired, and launched a counterattack with 140,00 fresh U.S. troops and 350 tanks in what would come to be known as the Second Battle of the Marne. Reinforced by an additional two millions American soldiers, the Central Powers began to crumble. First the Bulgarians and then the Ottoman Empire surrendered. Revolution spread through Austria-Hungary. In Germany, the public turned on the kaiser and forced him to resign, thus turning the country into a republic. A representative of the new German government met with French Commander Marshal Foch in a railway car near Paris. The two signed an armistice, and the war was over.
Explain what the Schlieffen Plan was and why it failed?
The Schlieffen Plan was a battle strategy Germany came up with early in WWI, and hoped that it would bring them a swift victory. The plan called for attacking and defeating France in the west and then rushing east to fight Russia. The Germans felt that they could carry out such a plan because Russia lagged behind the rest of Europe in its railroad system (lack of industrialization) and thus would take longer to supply its front lines/mobilize. Nonetheless, speed was vital to the Schlieffen Plan. German leaders knew they needed to win a quick victory over France. However, the Schlieffen Plan ultimately collapsed due to a German defeat at the Battle of the First Marne. As German forces were advancing on Paris, the Allies regrouped and counterattacked the enemy northeast of Paris (valley of the Marne River). When reinforcements became necessary, nearly 600 French taxi cabs ferried Allied troops in Paris to the front lines, which eventually allowed the Allies to defeat the Germans. Thus, a quick victory in the west for the Central Powers no longer seemed possible, and the Schlieffen Plan failed as a result.
In what year did the United States enter World War I?
The U.S. entered WWI in 1917
Why did Americans reject the treaty of Versailles?
The U.S. rejected the Treaty of Versailles (1919) because many Americans objected to the settlement and especially to Woodrow Wilson's League of Nations. Americans believed that the U.S.' best hope for peace was to stay out of European affairs.
Why did the United States enter World War I in 1917?
The United States entered WWI because of the naval blockade Germany had established around Britain, Germany's unrestricted submarine warfare, the sinking of the Lusitania, the Zimmerman Telegram, and the brotherly connection the U.S. shared with England (common history, same language, similar politics, business ties, etc.).
What was the guiding light for President Wilson's 14 Points peace plan? Why was this important for peace?
The guiding light behind Woodrow Wilson's 14 Points was that of self-determination, or that people should be allowed to decide for themselves under what government they wished to live in. This was important for peace because it would eliminate tension between people and the government since the society would accept living under a certain regime, and not oppose the policies it makes.
Who were the initial members of the Triple Alliance and Triple Entente?
The initial members of the Triple Alliance were Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy. The initial members of the Triple Entente were Great Britain, France, and Russia.
What years did World War I take place?
WWI took place between 1914 and 1918.