unit 4
How many sperm are produced in the testes each day?
60 million
Which of the following occurs during the gastric phase of gastric secretion?
All of these take place in the gastric phase.
Increased blood osmolarity stimulates hypothalamic osmoreceptors. This triggers the posterior pituitary to release which of the following?
Antidiuretic hormone
Which of the following is a function of the bacterial flora?
Bacteria synthesize vitamin C, Bacteria produce most of our intestinal gas, and Bacteria secrete extra mucus to lubricate the intestinal walls for defecation.
How does sucrose change the configuration of sucrase?
By binding to the active site
Which of the following statements is/are true regarding the regulation of digestive secretions?
CCK is released in response to a low pH in the duodenum, Secretin induces gallbladder contraction, and Cholecystokinin is released by the gallbladder.
If fertilization does not occur, the corpus luteum becomes a...
Corpus albicans
What is the erectile column of the penis that passes along the ventral side and encloses the penile urethra?
Corpus spongiosum
What is the mechanical and chemical breakdown of food called?
Digestion
Which of the following inhibits the secretion of the gastric glands?
Duodenal pH of less than two
What are the segments of the small intestine in the order through which food passes?
Duodenum, jejunum, ileum
As long as there is chyme in the duodenum, it will continue to stimulate gastric secretion. True or False?
False
Chemical digestion is a series of chemical reactions that break large chunks of food into proteins, carbohydrates, and fats. True or False?
False
Chromosome duplication occurs between meiosis I and meiosis II. Group starts True or False?
False
Meiosis II of spermatogenesis results in the formation of secondary spermatocytes. True or False?
False
The medulla oblongata controls gastric secretion by utilizing the parasympathetic branch of the nervous system and the endocrine system. True or False?
False
When glucose stores are low during exercise, energy can be liberated from adipocytes via lipogenesis. True or False?
False
In which direction do the persistaltic contractions of the stomach's smooth muscle move contents?
From the fundic region to the pyloris
Which of the following hormones does not inhibit gastric gland secretions?
Gastrin
Which of the following is a feature that the stomach and the small intestine have in common?
Goblet cells
Which hormone prevents degeneration of the corpus luteum?
Human chorionic gonadotropin
Gonadotropic releasing hormone is released by the...
Hypothalamus
Which cells produce testosterone?
Interstitial cells
Which of the following is true regarding the fate of a spermatid?
It differentiates into a sperm cell.
Which of the following is true regarding a spermatogonium?
It divides by mitosis to produce a spermatogonium and a primary spermatocyte.
When does a mature oocyte complete meiosis I?
Just prior to ovulation
Each ovary is attached to the uterus by the __________ ligament and is held in place by the ______________ ligament.
Ovarian; suspensory
The internal organs of the female reproductive system include the...
Ovaries, uterine tubes, uterus, and vagina
Which organ is located behind the greater curvature of the stomach and acts as both an endocrine and exocrine gland?
Pancreas
Which of the following enzymes is produced by the stomach?
Pepsin
Decreasing levels of ____________ lead to sloughing, or shedding, of the endometrial lining.
Progesterone
Which two hormones influence the endometrium to thicken and prepare for implantation?
Progesterone and estrogen
During spermatogenesis, which of the following cells is the first to become haploid?
Secondary spermatocyte
Which of the following does not stimulate the secretion of HCl in the stomach?
Secretin
Which of the following is a correct sequence of cells in spermatogenesis?
Spermatogonium -> primary spermatocyte -> secondary spermatocyte
Which of the following statements is true regarding sucrase?
Sucrase breaks sucrose into glucose and fructose.
Which region of the uterine tube is the normal site of fertilization?
The ampulla
Which of the following statements is true regarding the neural control of defecation?
The intrinsic defecation reflex is voluntary, The internal anal sphincter is under voluntary control.
Which of the following is found in the cortex of the ovary?
The ovarian follicles
Which of the following statements is true regarding the functional anatomy of the ovary?
The ovary is divided into to a superficial medulla and a deep cortex and The ovarian follicles are each surrounded by the tunica albuginea.
Oogenesis is...
The production of immature oocytes in the ovary
Cholecystokinin, which is produced in the small intestine, inhibits gastric secretions in the stomach. True or False?
True
Distention of the stomach activates a direct stimulatory effect on the gastric glands. True or False?
True
During spermatogenesis, spermatids differentiate into spermatozoa via a process called spermiogenesis. True or False?
True
Even though ammonia is very toxic to cells, it is a normal by-product of the deamination of an amino acid. True or False?
True
Gastrin functions to increase the production of HCl in the stomach. True or False?
True
Secretin is released from the duodenum in response to acidic chyme. True or False?
True
The development of the breasts during pregnancy is due to the growth and extensive branching of mammary glands and ducts. True or False?
True
The primary spermatocytes and the spermatogonia each contain 46 chromosomes. True or False?
True
The secondary oocyte is haploid. True or False?
True
The spermatids and the secondary spermatocytes each contain 23 chromosomes. True or False?
True
The uterus serves as the site of implantation for the embryo, supports the developing embryo, and contracts during birth to expel the fetus. True or False?
True
What stimulates the secondary oocyte to complete meiosis II?
When a sperm cell penetrates the oocyte membrane
What is the correct sequence of embryonic stages?
Zygote, morula, blastocyst, embryoblast
The mechanism of labor contractions is an example of __________.
a positive feedback loop
Which of the following are present in puberty in females?
appearance of facial hair and menopause
In humans, when do the secondary sexual characteristics first appear?
at puberty
The extracellular fluid compartment includes what fluids?
blood plasma, Pleural and pericardial fluid, and cytoplasm
Gastric secretion begins during the __________ phase and ends during the __________ phase.
cephalic; intestinal
Which duct(s) of the male reproductive system passes through the prostate gland?
ejaculatory ducts
The network of nerves that regulate digestive motility, secretion, and blood flow is called the __________ system.
enteric nervous
Crossing-over occurs in meiosis I and meiosis II. True or false?
false
The blood, lymph, tissue fluid, and transcellular fluid are all examples of which of the following?
fluid compartments
The hormone __________ stimulates the secretion of the enzyme __________ in the stomach.
gastrin; pepsinogen
Which part of the penis has the external urethral orifice?
glans
The four daughter cells produced in meiosis _________.
have one of each pair of chromosomes found in the parent cell
Secretin is released from the duodenum in response to _________.
hydrochloric acid in chyme
Where is gonadotropin-releasing hormone produced?
hypothalamus
How often can a sucrase molecule be used to hydrolyze sucrose?
many times
A primary spermatocyte divides by way of __________ to produce __________.
meiosis; two secondary spermatocytes
if a woman has gone a year or more without having had her period, she is said to have gone through __________.
menopause
What is the term used to describe the amount of energy liberated in the body per unit of time?
metabolic rate
Where is sucrase found in the human body?
microvilli of the small intestine
A cross-over in meiosis is an exchange of genetic material between __________.
non-sister chromatids of homologous chromosomes
An ingested chemical that is used for growth, repair, or maintenance of the body is called a(n) __________.
nutrient
Stimulation from the __________ nervous system via the __________ nerve causes the secretion of HCl in the stomach.
parasympathetic; vagus
Which male accessory structure is inferior to the urinary bladder and surrounds the superior portion of the male urethra?
prostate
Which of the following is an accessory reproductive gland in the male?
prostate
Which of the following anatomical structures is/are part of the tract within which sperm travels from the testis to outside of the body?
seminal vesicle and Bulbourethral gland
Spermatogenesis occurs in the __________.
seminiferous tubules
What is the process of sperm production called?
spermatogenesis
What do interstitial endocrine cells produce?
testosterone