Unit 5

35. A young man has been diagnosed with type 2 diabetes and has been prescribed glyburide. Which statement suggests that the nurse should perform further health education?

"I'll plan to take my glyburide each night before I go to bed."

14. The nurse is discussing diabetes with a group of individuals who are at risk for the disease. Which statement by a participant indicates an understanding of the role of insulin in the disease?

"Insulin assists glucose molecules to enter the cells of muscle and fat tissues."

9. A client newly diagnosed with Cushing's disease asks how ketoconazole works. What is the nurse's best response?

"It controls cortisol secretions."

16. A nurse is providing health education to a client who will be discharged home with a prescription for hydrocortisone. What instruction should the nurse convey to the client?

"Make sure that you take this medication with food."

19. A 59-year-old man with type 2 diabetes is prescribed metformin. When the client returns to the clinic, he reports that he has lost 8 pounds in a month. How should the nurse respond?

"Please continue taking the medication and monitoring your weight. This is an expected outcome of this drug therapy."

6. A client has hypertension and wants to take a nasal decongestant for cold symptoms. Which statement by the nurse indicates the effect of nasal decongestant medications on hypertension?

"The administration of a nasal decongestant will increase blood pressure due to vasoconstriction of blood vessels."

11. A client with type 1 diabetes has been prescribed 12 units of regular insulin and 34 units of NPH insulin in the morning. How should the nurse explain why two different types of insulin are required to control the client's blood glucose?

"The different onsets and peaks of the two types provide better overall glucose control."

13. A client asks the nurse about using dextromethorphan to relieve a cough. What type of cough would the nurse explain is best treated with the drug?

A dry, nonproductive cough

3. A client with chronic bronchial asthma is prescribed montelukast. What will the nurse instruct the client to avoid taking?

Aspirin

34. An adult client has asked the nurse to recommend an OTC cold remedy. Before making a recommendation, the nurse should implement which intervention?

Assess the client for health problems that may contraindicate the use of a particular remedy.

38. A client is experiencing an acute asthmatic attack. Which agent would be most effective?

Beta-2 selective adrenergic agonist

28. A client diagnosed with hypothyroidism admits knowing the term "thyroid gland" but not knowing its function. The nurse should explain the fact that thyroid hormone is responsible for which action?

Controlling the rate of cell metabolism throughout the body

32. A nurse is caring for a patient with hypothyroidism. The nurse would know that the effects of hypothyroidism include:

Decreased cardiac output

4. A 45-year-old female client is being seen in the health care provider's office for a dry, hacking cough that is keeping her up at night. The provider prescribes dextromethorphan for the cough. Which statement is true about dextromethorphan?

Dextromethorphan works in the medulla to suppress the cough reflex.

5. A nurse is describing the action of a prescribed antihistamine to a client. The nurse is describing which medication, by explaining that the drug elicits its antihistamine effects by nonselectively binding to central and peripheral H1 receptors?

Diphenhydramine

33. The pharmacology instructor is discussing the adverse effects of diphenhydramine. Which is not one of these effects?

Excessive salivation

22. A man is brought to the emergency department. He is nonresponsive, and his blood glucose level is 32 mg/dL. Which would the nurse expect to be ordered?

Glucagon

29. Which is the best indicator of overall diabetic control?

Glycosylated hemoglobin levels

2. A client presents at the clinic with a dry, nonproductive cough. The client is diagnosed with bronchitis, and it is determined that they will need help thinning sputum so that the cough can become productive. What does the nurse expect will be prescribed for the client?

Guaifenesin

21. The nurse is preparing to administer 20 units of NPH insulin to a client. Before administering the medication, the nurse should implement which intervention?

Have a colleague confirm the dosage.

20. The nurse is preparing to administer a scheduled dose of levothyroxine to a client. What assessment should the nurse perform prior to giving the drug?

Heart rate

8. A client who has been prescribed metformin is scheduled to undergo diagnostic testing with the administration of parenteral radiographic contrast media containing iodine. What fact should direct the nurse's plan of care for this client?

Metformin should be discontinued at least 48 hours before and after diagnostic tests that use contrast medias.

18. A female client calls the pediatrician's office for a suggestion regarding the best over-the-counter cough and cold medicine for her 6-month-old child. The pediatrician advises against the medication for what reason?

Misuse could result in overdose.

30. A client with cystic fibrosis may use which type of medication to reduce the viscosity of respiratory secretions?

Mucolytic

17. The nurse is caring for a client who is seeking care for a chronic condition. The nurse is aware that the FDA has issued a black box warning regarding the use of thyroid hormones for the treatment of what condition?

Obesity

37. A patient with hypothyroidism is at increased risk for respiratory depression and myxedema coma if given what category of drugs?

Opioid analgesics

10. A 25-year-old female client is diagnosed with hypothyroidism. She is admitted to the hospital for acute gallbladder disease and subsequent surgical intervention. When planning postoperative opioid pain management, the nurse must take into account the fact that the client is at greater risk for what condition, secondary to the client's hypothyroidism diagnosis?

Respiratory depression

7. The nurse is providing client education prior to administering propylthiouracil. During teaching, the nurse should inform the client about the need for what form of follow-up?

Routine liver function testing

26. The nurse is evaluating the education of a client that uses albuterol for an acute asthma attack. The nurse knows that the lesson has been effective when the client states that albuterol is which of the following types of medication?

SABA

31. A client has been prescribed alendronate. Which instruction should the nurse give the client regarding administration?

Take the medication on an empty stomach.

39. Which condition must be met in order for glyburide treatment to be effective?

The client must have functioning pancreatic beta cells.

12. Which patient should not start hydrocortisone therapy as ordered at 8 a.m.?

The patient with sepsis

36. Why are inhaled steroids used to treat asthma and COPD?

They act locally to decrease release of inflammatory mediators

1. A male client is concerned because ever since he began his antiasthma medication, his GERD symptoms are worse. The nurse explains that his symptoms are worse because his asthma medications have what effect?

They relax the gastresophageal sphincter.

27. The nurse is providing education to a client who is taking calcium for the treatment of osteopenia. What is the rationale for the nurse suggesting that the client limit whole grains in the diet?

Whole grains are known to interfere with calcium absorption.

24. A client has just been admitted for an overdose of pseudoephedrine. The nurse's assessment of the client should prioritize what system?

cardiovascular. 25. When describing the effects of second-generation antihistamines, which would the nurse address as being decreased? <Sedation

23. A client's current condition requires rapid reduction of blood sugar levels. Which type of insulin will have the most rapid onset of action?

insulin lispro

14. A hospital client's current medication administration record specifies oral administration of propylthiouracil (PTU) every 8 hours. What sign or symptom may have originally prompted the care provider to prescribe this drug?

persistent tachycardia

15. A client has been diagnosed with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The client has been prescribed bronchodilators by nebulizer for home use. The nurse should teach the client to:

sit in a fully upright position when administering the medication.