Unit 5 Chem Test

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Explain why the elements in the "dip" (Group 3-12) only have 2 valence electrons

The elements in the dip only have 2 valence electrons because transitional metals may have subshells that aren't all the way filled. An atom could accept or lose electrons from an incomplete subshell if that makes a full subshell and then they behave like valence electrons.

Describe the properties of noble gases (make sure to explain how helium is different than the rest of its family.)

They are all odorless, colorless gases with a low chemical reactivity. They have a complete octet because they have all 8 possible electrons. Helium is different than the rest of the noble gases because it only have 2 valence electrons while the rest have 8. *inert- non-reactive - gases are only element with 3 stages.

member of the transition metal family

Zn

what classifies a "block" on the periodic table?

a block on the periodic table is a group of elements that have the same number of orbitals

atomic radius

a measure of the size of its atoms or the normal distance from the nucleus to the surrounding shell of the atom; estimated size of atom - going left to right the atomic size decreases -going from top to bottom the atomic size increases

anion

a negatively charged ion ( more electrons than protons) (gains electrons so is larger than parent atom)

cation

a positively charged ion (more protons than electrons) (loses electrons so is smaller than parent atom)

Identify the name given to the first group on the periodic table (group 1)

alkali metals

describe how elements in the same row are similar

all the elements in the same row are similar because they have the same number of electron shells. As you move to the right of the row, each element has one more proton and is less metallic than the previous one

identify the liquids on the periodic table

bromine, mercury, caesium, gallium, rubidium, francium

oxidation numbers

charge that the atom will have when it forms an ion

He was able to use his periodic table to predict ____________________ of the missing elements

chemical properties

Mendeleev was able to use his periodic table to predict___________ of the missing elements.

chemical properties

describe the trend for electron affinity as you go across the periodic table and as you go down the periodic table

electron affinity increases across the periodic table and can decrease when you go down the periodic table - pattern goes left to right except noble gases

the attraction an atom has for electrons is called

electronegativity

elements in the same row on the periodic table have the same number of

energy levels

a column on the periodic table is called a

family

Columns are called ___________ or ________________.

family or groups

elements in the Noble Gas family are considered stable because they have _________ valence levels

full (filled)

octet rule

goal of atoms to have 8 valence e- (except tiny atoms only need 2 e-) *makes them stable

identify all the gases on the periodic table

helium, argon, krypton, neon, kenon, radon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, florine, and chlorine

the second row of the f-block are known as the

inner transition metals

the amount of energy required to remove an electron from a neutral atom is called ___________

ionization energy

describe the trend for ionization energy as you go across the periodic table and as you go down the period table

ionization energy increases from left to right and decreases as you go down the periodic table

the first row of the f-block are known as the

lanthanides and actinides

A negative ion is (larger/smaller) than its parent atom

larger

Where are the most active metals located?

lower left

describe the trend for metallic character as you go from left to right across the periodic table and as you go down a group (from top to bottom)

metallic character decreases as you go from left to right across the periodic table and increase as you move down element groups in the periodic table

elements that have characteristics of both metals and nonmetals are called

metalloids

is a negative ion larger or smaller than their neutral atom

much larger than their neutral atom

Identify the name given to group 18 on the periodic table

noble gases

where are all of the metals on the periodic table located?

on bottom left

identify where each of the following blocks are on the periodic table

s-block-> the 1st columns on the left (group 1 and 2) p-block-> the right side of the table (groups 13 to 18) d-block-> the middle of the table (group 3 to 12) f-block-> at the bottom 2 rows of the periodic table

A positive ion is (larger/smaller) than its parent atom

smaller

is a positive ion larger or smaller than their neutral atom

smaller than their neutral atom

all of the rest of the elements on the periodic table are

solids

describe the properties of alkali metals

the alkali metals are shiny, soft, really reactive metals at standard temperature. They often lose their outermost electron and form catons.

How is this table arranged (current periodic table)?

the current table is arranged by increasing atomic numbers.

Describe how elements in the same column are similar

the elements in each group have the same number of electrons in the outer orbital. the electrons in each column all have the same number.

electron affinity

the energy change that occurs when an atom or ion gains an electron

ionization energy

the minimum amount of energy required to remove the most loosely bound electron of the neutral gas atom - going left to right the ionization energy increases - going top to bottom ionization energy decreases

ionic radius

the radius of a monatomic ion in an ionic crystal structure. It is the radius of an ion (anions or cation) estimated size of an ion

Groups 3-12 are called

transition metals

Where are the most active nonmetals located?

upper right

describe the properties of nonmetals

-dry brittle, poor conductors of heat/electricity -not magnetic -makes dull sound when they are hit -not very strong and has low density

forms 3+ ions when bonding

Al

what elements are considered metalloids

Boron, Silicon, Antimony, Tellurium, Germanium, Polonium, Arsenic

gas at room temp

Cl

gas at room temperature

Cl

who created the first periodic table?

Dimitri Mendeleev

Identify the name given to Group 17 on the periodic table

Halogens

group 17 is called

Halogens (halides)

_____________ discovered that each element has a unique atomic number and arranged the elements in order or increasing atomic number

Henry Mosley

electron distribution ending in s1

K

metal

K

member of the alkali metal family

Li

highest ionization energy

N

8 valence electrons

Ne

smallest atomic radius

Te

How is the extended periodic table different from the one we are used to seeing? Why don't we usually draw it this way?

The extended periodic table has theories of chemical elements beyond what is on the normal periodic table. The extended periodic table is a lot larger and we don't draw it this way due to uncertain and variability of the properties of elements passed 120.

Periodic Law

The law says that the properties of the element are periodic functions of their atomic numbers. This means that the chemical and physical properties of elements are periodic when their atomic weights are in order.

electronegativity

a chemical property which declares the propensity on an atom to attract an electron. The strength of an atom to hold onto its electrons when the atom is interacting with other atoms.

first group on periodic table

alkali metals

second group on periodic table

alkaline earth metals

_______________ is defined as one half the distance between nuclei of two like atoms

atomic radius

As you go down a group, the first ionization energy generally ( decreases/increases)

decreases

As you go from left to right across a period, the atomic size (decrease / increase) Why

decreases nuclear charge

As you travel down a group, the atomic size (decrease/increase) why

increase energy

As you go from left to right across a period, the first ionization energy generally (decreases/increase) Why

increase positive charge

describe the trend for atomic radius as you go from left to right across the periodic table and as you go down a group (from top to bottom)

increases as the group and energy level increase but it decreases as you move across the periodic table

describe the properties of metalloids

look like metals but behave like non-metals. they are shiny and brittle with pretty good conductivity. properties of both - top and bottom

the s and p-blocks together are called the

main group elements

where are the nonmetals located on the periodic table?

on the upper right of the periodic table

The _______________________ states that properties of elements repeat when arranged by increasing atomic number

periodic law

rows are called ________

periods

the d-block is known as the

transition elements

describe some characteristics of the transition elements:

-good conductors of heat/electricity - (malleable) be bent into shape/hammered easily -high melting points -ductile (drawn to wires) -multi valent levels -produce color in (aq) solution

Identify the name given to the 2nd group on the periodic table (group 2)

Alkaline Earth Metals

Describe the properties of Alkaline Earth Metals

All of the alkaline earth metals are shiny, silvery/white, and can be reactive metals when it is standard temp and pressure.

Group 13 is called

Boron Family

4 valence electrons

C

group 14 is called

Carbon Family

largest atomic radius

Cc

compare hydrogen to the alkali metals (similarities and differences)

Differences: -hydrogen is a very reactive gas -alkali metals are even more reactive -hydrogen is a non metals and can form ionic cation compounds while Alkali only can form ionic compounds Similarities: - both 1 valence e- - both gases - both form a cation when they rise an electron.

_____________ arranged th periodic table in order of increasing atomic mass

Dimitri Mendeleev

higher electronegativity

F

highest ionization energy

F

Which element has the highest electronegativity?

Fluorine

Describe the properties of Halogens

Form stable compounds with both metals and nonmetals. they are the most reactive non-metal elements. This is because they have 7 valence electrons and only needed for a full octet.

member of the noble gas family

He

How did Mendeleev organize his periodic table?

He arranged the periodic table in order of increasing atomic mass.

Who rearranged the periodic table?

Henry Mosley

liquid at room temperature

Hg

member of the Halogen family

I

Group 15 is called

Nitrogen Family

group 18 is called

Nobel gases

forms 2- ions when bonding

O

group 16 is called

Oxygen Family (chalogen)

3 energy levels

S

metalloid

Sb


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