Unit 5 Final

Based on the passage and historical context, which of the following best explains Peter the Great's motivations for visiting England and Holland?

He wished to expand Russian trade in Asia

While Napoleon was often praised for implementing his Napoleon Code and a meritocracy in the army, the domestic issue that he was most often criticized for was which of the following?

Curtailment (limiting) of common rights

Napoleon instituted the Continental System to accomplish which of the following?

Defeat England through economic war

Other European states reacted to the Portuguese establishment of a trading-post empire by?

Developing rival colonies and overseas trading networks

The method of inquiry elucidated by Francis Bacon in the passage is known as

Empiricism

By the 1800s, the method of empirical reasoning reflected in the passage had undergone which of the following changes?

It had become a core principle of European culture

Which of the following best describes the role of "What is the Third Estate" in the French Revolution?

It was a catalyst that helped get the people of France ready to revolt against their king

Napoleon's entry from 1802 indicates that his conquest of most Europe was due in part to which of the following?

Napoleon's fear that if he did not continue to win military victories, he would lose power

The conflict between the inductive and deductive methods can most clearly be seen in the differences between

Newton and Descartes

Voltaire's discussion of Peter the Great's acceptance of Newtonian physics is best understood as a critique of which of the following?

The efforts of religious and secular authorities to suppress scientific development

The Portuguese slave trade described in the passage led most directly to which of the following?

The establishment of a European - dominated system of plantation agriculture

The events referred to in the song led most directly to which of the following?

The formalization of a constitutional monarchy in France

Which of the following events marked the effect end of Spain's ability to act as a champion of Catholicism in Europe?

The outcome of the Thirty Years' War

A historian could best use Herberle's discussion of the comet as evidence for which of the following features of early modern intellectual life?

The persistence of a traditional view of the world as governed by supernatural forces

The image demonstrates which of the following regarding scientific advances in early modern Europe?

They used information obtained through dissection to reconceptualize the body as an integrated system

Which of the following best explains the point of view towards Peter the Great that Voltaire expresses in the passage?

Voltaire admired rulers who governed through principles of enlightened absolutism

The conflict that Herberle describes in his chronicle resulted in which of the following?

Weakening of the Holy Roman Empire in the strengthening of smaller sovereign states within its boundaries

The long-term economic effect in Europe of the establishment of trading networks and colonies such as the one described in the passage was

a shift in the center of economic power from the Mediterranean to the Atlantic states

The French government issued the decree primarily in response to?

domestic unrest and foreign aggression against radical Revolutionary government

The poissardes and other participants in the events described in the song were motivated most strongly by which of the following?

An economic crisis brought about by food savings

The Dutch tulip-bulb 1636-1637 described in the excerpt was based primarily upon which of the following conditions?

An economically successful middle class that could afford to speculate

Voltaire's mockery of the notion of one true religion in the second paragraph of the passage is most directly influenced by which of the following?

Europeans' deeper awareness of the world's cultural diversity, gained through scientific exploration and travelers' accounts

Descartes' understanding of the human body, as shown in the image, is most similar to which of the following?

Newton's notion of a mechanistic universe

Which of the following is best supported by the passage?

Owning and reading Protestant religious literature was illegal in Spain

How did Philip II's religious policies illustrated in the passage compare to the policies pursued by other fifteenth and sixteenth century European monarchs?

Philip's policies controlling religious beliefs and practices were similar to the policies of most other monarchs at the time

The supremacy of Antwerp, the commercial center of southern Holland, was ended by which of the following events?

Phillip 2's invasion of the country, which was meant to put down the Dutch Revolt and restore Catholicism

The ability of someone of Herberle's social status in seventeenth-century Germany to read and write was most likely the result of which of the following?

Protestant reformation's emphasis on an individual study of the Bible

The events described in the passage best illustrate which of the following aspects of the religious conflicts in Europe in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries?

Protestants made effective use of the increased availability of printing technology to spread their ideas.

The ideas expressed in the passage best illustrate which of the following about Enlightenment intellectuals?

Some of them believed that the discoveries of new science warranted new approaches to social and cultural issues

The participation of women such as the poissardes led to which of the following during the early phases of the French Revolution?

Temporary improvements in women's legal status

At the beginning of the seventeenth century, the Netherlands was controlled by the Spanish branch of which powerful dynasty?

The Habsburgs

The assertion made by Sieyes above - that the Third Estate is everything - is best supported by which of the following?

The Third Estate included over 95 percent of the population of France

The earliest scientists were reacting against the Aristotelian method of studying the natural world. What did the Aristotelian method NOT include?

The collection and analysis of a wide range of information

The reform of the French Revolution that was most consistent from the revolution onward was which of the following?

The hereditary privileges of the nobility were abolished.

The licensing of trade described in the passage is an example of which of the following state policies?

The implementation of mercantilism to promote

Countries in the coalitions that opposed Revolutionary and napoleonic France were most eager to adopt which provision of the decree?

most eager to adopt the creation of nationally based mass conscript armies

In subsequent years, the French government used the institutions created by the decree to?

start nationalist uprisings in countries outside of France

In addition to being informed by general principles, Voltaire's concern with promoting religious toleration was primarily relevant to supporters of the Enlightenment in eighteenth-century France because

the revocation of the Edict of Nantes by King Louis XIV in 1685 had led to the persecution of members of the Protestant minority

The events alluded to in the last two sentences of Source 2 are most directly related to which of the following?

the unification of Germany