Unit 5 World History Honors

Which statement best describes a consequence of Napoleon's failure to understand Russian geography?

A harsh winter cut off his army from needed supplies.

Tennis Court Oath

A promise by the representatives of the Third Estate to not leave Versailles until a new government was formed

According to Marx and Engels, establishing a society based on cooperation and equal distribution of wealth would require

A revolution

Who believed that governments should NOT interfere with a free market economy?

Adam Smith

Which statement represents a key idea directly associated with John Locke's Two Treatises of Government?

All people are born with the right to life, liberty, and property.

Karl Marx

Believed capitalism was an unfair system and that workers should rise up together to take control

Thomas Malthus

Believed population would eventually outstrip food production, resulting in a collapse of civilization

Adam Smith

Believed that an economy worked best when it was free from government intervention

Wealth of Nations

Book that is seen as the basis of modern capitalism

Communist Manifesto

Book that is seen as the basis of socialist theory

Speaker A: If the rate of population growth continues to exceed the growth in the food supply, there will not be enough food for all of the people. Speaker B: There are people who are wealthy and people who are poor. This is just how things are. Speaker C: History is the story of class struggle. Eventually, the working class will rise up and revolt against the wealthy. Speaker D: The government should do what is best for most of its people. Which speaker best represents the views of Karl Marx?

C

Galileo

Charged with heresy for supporting the idea of the heliocentric universe

Which sequence places these laws in the correct chronological order?

Code of Hammurabi Twelve Tables Justinian Code Napoleonic Code

Vienna

Congress (meeting) where European nations attempted to force a return to monarchies and old border

American Document Order

Declaration of Independence Articles of Confederation Constitution Bill of Rights

Isaac Newton

Developed laws of motion in the field of physics

Francis Bacon

Developed the use of scientific method

Diderot

Encyclopedia/spread the Enlightenment ideals

Salutary Neglect

England's policy of letting the colonies manage their own affairs, ended with the French and Indian War

"We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty, and the pursuit of Happiness . . . . The history of the present King of Great Britain [George III] is a history of repeated injuries . . . , all having in direct object the establishment of an absolute Tyranny over these States. To prove this, let Facts be submitted to a candid world. He has refused his Assent to Laws, the most wholesome and necessary for the public good . . . . He has called together legislative bodies at places unusual, uncomfortable, and distant from the depository of their public Records . . . . He has kept among us, in times of peace, Standing Armies without the consent of our legislatures . . . ." —Excerpt from the Declaration of Independence, July 4, 1776 Which of the following most likely inspired the first paragraph of the excerpt?

Enlightenment thinking

Which statement best describes the effects of the Industrial Revolution on families?

Family-based cottage industries were weakened.

Textiles

First industry to industrialize

Great Britain

First nation to industrialize

Throughout the Napoleonic Wars, France's greatest enemy was

Great Britain

• Irregular coastline • Abundant mineral resources • Large labor force • Investment capital Which country had these characteristics and used them to industrialize in the 1700s?

Great Britain

Elected

How Napoleon became emperor

Russia

Invasion of this nation led to the complete destruction of Napoleon's Grand Army due to scorched earth tactics

Watt's steam engine

Invention that powered engines in factories steam boats and locomotives

Declaration of Indepedence

Issued in 1776 and based on the ideas of John Locke

During the early 1770s, how did the British government respond to increasing American protests of British colonial policy?

It increased efforts to maintain order and enforce laws.

Before the French Revolution

Louis XVI

Which of these events related to the French Revolution occurred first?

Louis XVI called the Estates General into session.

Bourgeoisie

Marx's term for the class of people that owned the factors of production and took advantage of the working class

Proletariat

Marx's term for the working class

During the Reign of Terror

Maximilien Robespierre

Three field system

Medieval form of agriculture

coal

Mineral that made the Industrial Revolution possible

At the End of the French Revolution

Napoleon Bonaparte

Who became ruler of France as a result of the French Revolution?

Napoleon Bonaparte

Waterloo

Napoleon's final defeat in 1815, he died soon later

Napoleonic Code

Napoleon's longest lasting legacy

Continental System

Napoleon's plan to restrict European trade with Britain to force them to surrender

John Locke

Natural Rights/social contract

What influence did the Scientific Revolution have on the Enlightenment in Europe?

Natural laws were used to explain human affairs.

Trafalgar

Naval battle in 1805 where French hopes of invading Britain were destroyed

3rd Estate

Paid all the taxes in France

1st/2nd Estates

Paid none of the taxes but owned almost all the wealth

Jamestown

Permanent English settlement began in the British colonies

Bastille

Prison/Fortress stormed by Parisians, signaled the beginning of the French Revolution

Copernicus

Put forth the idea of the heliocentric universe

Which event is most closely associated with the French Revolution?

Reign of Terror

Enclosure

Replaced the medieval form of agriculture, forcing many peasants off the land and into factories

- Galileo used the telescope and challenged the teachings of the day. - Sir Isaac Newton discovered the laws of gravity. - Copernicus determined that the Sun is the center of the universe. Which period is most directly associated with these events?

Scientific Revolution

Which word best describes the ideas of the Enlightenment?

Secular

Montesquieu

Separation of powers

Vesalius

Studied cadavers and made drawing of anatomy

Factory system

System where large amounts of good were produced in one place using new inventions

Cottage industry

System where people made goods in their homes

During the 19th century, which change led to an increase in the use of child labor?

The development of the factory system

In which way did the ideas of the Enlightenment influence the French Revolution?

The divine right theory of kings was challenged.

Concert of Europe

The idea that European nations would work together to prevent major wars from breaking out

Francis Bacon held the belief that assumptions should be tested many times before they were accepted. How did his ideas change society during the Scientific Revolution?

They moved people away from the idea of faith to that of observable truths

Leuwenhoek

Used microscopes to be the first human to observe bacteria

... Nor is there liberty if the power of judging is not separate from legislative power and from executive power. If it were joined to legislative power, the power over the life and liberty of the citizens would be arbitrary, for the judge would be the legislator. If it were joined to executive power, the judge could have the force of an oppressor.... —Montesquieu, The Spirit of the Laws In this passage, Montesquieu is making reference to

a separation of powers

A primary source about the French Revolution is

an eyewitness account from a prisoner at the Bastille

Seventeenth-century rulers supported the development of scientific academies primarily because rulers

believed that academies offered valuable technical benefits and enhanced royal prestige

The scientific theories developed by Copernicus, Galileo, and Newton resulted in

challenges to the traditional teachings of the Catholic Church

. . . But the great security against a gradual concentration of the several powers in the same department, consists in giving to those who administer each department, the necessary constitutional means, and personal motives, to resist encroachments of the others. The provision for defence must in this, as in all other cases, be made commensurate [corresponding] to the danger of attack. Ambition must be made to counteract ambition. . . . — James Madison, The Federalist No. 51, 1788 In this passage, James Madison argues for the governing principle known as

checks and balances

Which pair of natural resources were used to change transportation and manufacturing in Great Britain during the Industrial Revolution?

coal and iron ore

One weakness of the Articles of Confederation was the inability of the central government to

collect adequate taxes from the states

Diligent reader, in this work, which has just been created and published, you have the motions of the fixed stars and planets, as these motions have been reconstituted [reconstructed] on the basis of ancient as well as recent observations, and have moreover been embellished by new and marvelous hypotheses. You also have most convenient tables, from which you will be able to compute those motions with the utmost ease for any time whatever. Therefore buy, read, and enjoy [this work]. Let no one untrained in geometry enter here. — Nicholas Copernicus of Toruń, Six Books on the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres In this passage, Copernicus states that he accomplished his work by

combining old and new observations

Jean-Jacques Rousseau and John Locke both agreed that a government should be based on the

consent of the governed

Which issue was a cause of the French Revolution?

demand of the Third Estate for more political power

Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen 1. Men are born and remain free and equal in rights. Social distinctions may be founded only upon the general good. 2. The aim of all political association is the preservation of the natural and imprescriptible [inalienable] rights of man. These rights are liberty, property, security, and resistance to oppression.... — French National Assembly, 1789 Declaration of the Rights of Woman and Female Citizen 1. Woman is born free and remains equal to man in rights. Social distinctions can only be founded on common service. 2. The aim of all political associations is to preserve the natural and inalienable rights of Woman and Man: these are the rights to liberty, ownership, safety and, above all, resistance to oppression.... — Olympe de Gouges, 1791 Based on these excerpts, which action would most likely be supported by Olympe de Gouges?

expanding the definition of equality.

In The Wealth of Nations (1776), Adam Smith strongly advocated a policy of

free trade and minimal government interference in the economy

European Enlightenment writers of the 17th and 18th centuries such as John Locke infl uenced America's colonial development by providing

ideas about self government and political rights

One way in which Robespierre and Napoleon are similar is that they both

increased their power due to the French Revolution

The French Revolution was a reaction to the

influence of and privileges granted to the First and Second Estates

Adam Smith

laissez faire economics/supply and demand/need for competition

Humanitarians

people who worked for and advocated for government intervention to correct the problems caused by industrialization

In colonial America, the Magna Carta, the English Bill of Rights, and the writings of John Locke contributed to the

political ideals and practices of the colonists

At the Congress of Vienna, one of the main goals was to

restore monarchs to pre-Napoleonic status

The French and Indian War (1754-1763) was a turning point in the relationship between American colonists and the British government because the war

resulted in British debt and attempts to tax colonists

Speaker A: If the rate of population growth continues to exceed the growth in the food supply, there will not be enough food for all of the people. Speaker B: There are people who are wealthy and people who are poor. This is just how things are. Speaker C: History is the story of class struggle. Eventually, the working class will rise up and revolt against the wealthy. Speaker D: The government should do what is best for most of its people. To which situation are these speakers most likely reacting?

rise of industrialization

In the 16th and 17th centuries, the heliocentric theory became the centerpiece for debate between

science and religion

Roussaeu

social contract

Causes of the Industrial Revolution - Plentiful natural resources - Stable government - Overseas market - ?

technological advances

Which of the following was one effect of the factory system?

the emergence of the middle class

What was a result of the Industrial Revolution in Europe?

the growth of the middle class

Which of the following was a negative result of the usage of cotton in the growth of the textile industry in Great Britain?

the spread of slavery in the southern United States

Which was an environmental effect of the process of early industrialization?

the widespread deforestation in Europe and North America

The Continental System restricted

trade with Great Britian

- Copernicus' heliocentric model of the universe - Newton's law of gravitation - Descartes' belief in truth through reason This set of ideas from the Scientific Revolution gave Europeans a new way to

view humankind's place in the universe

Mary Wollstonecraft

women's rights