Unit 6 ap world history flash cards for test
Excerpt, Constitution of the Fanti Confederation, West Africa, 1871 Which of the following best describes the excerpt above?
A liberal nationalist response to colonialism
A historian researching the effects of Christian missionaries' activities on local social structures in late-nineteenth-century Africa would probably find which of the following sources most useful?
African accounts of converting to Christianity
Which of the following occurred in nineteenth-century Africa as a result of the end of the transatlantic slave trade?
An increased use of slave labor within Africa
Which of the following best characterizes Western imperialist expansion in the late nineteenth century? Responses
An unprecedented amount of territory colonized in a short period of time
Qing government commissioner Lin Zexu to Queen Victoria of Great Britain, 1839 In the passage above, Lin Zexu is asking that the British do which of the following? Responses
Ban the sale of opium by British merchants in China
INDENTURED AND POST-INDENTURED WORKERS FROM INDIA EMPLOYED ON SUGAR PLANTATIONS ON THE ISLAND OF TRINIDAD, BRITISH CARIBBEAN, 1854-1910. The table indicates that Indian labor migration to Trinidad in the mid- to late nineteenth century shared which of the following patterns with global migration processes in the same period?
Both Indian migration to Trinidad and global migration in general involved migrants who were mostly male.
Letter from a Kenyan medical officer to the British Committee on Nutrition in the Colonial Empire, 1937 Which of the following best summarizes the two plans for improving nutrition in Britain's colonies?
Both sources emphasize the need to enlist the cooperation of Africans in implementing colonial policies. Answer
Which of the following is a similarity between European and Asian immigrants to the Americas during the nineteenth century? Responses
Both were attracted by employment opportunities.
Karl Pearson, British mathematics professor, National Life from the Standpoint of Science, 1900 Based on the passage, the author would most likely have agreed with which of the following statements?
Britain had contributed to human progress by taking over new colonies in Africa.
Social Darwinism was used to justify which of the following during the nineteenth century? Responses
British colonization of India
The trade patterns shown on the map above depict
British imports of raw cotton and exports of finished cotton in the 1850s
The trade patterns shown on the map above depict Responses
British imports of raw materials and exports of finished goods during the nineteenth century
Joaquim Nabuco, Brazilian writer and political activist, Abolitionism, book published 1883 As illustrated by the passage, which of the following best explains the persistence of slavery in some parts of the Americas into the late nineteenth century?
Cash-crop plantation agriculture remained an important part of some nations' economies.
A historian researching international migration patterns of the nineteenth century would find which of the following sources most useful? Responses
Census records from New York and Buenos Aires detailing the birthplaces of individuals
Which of the following scientific concepts had the greatest role in providing a justification for imperialism in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries?
Charles Darwin's theory of evolution
Which of the following most accurately describes the interactions between China and Europe in the nineteenth century?
China effectively lost its economic independence to Europe as a result of military losses to European forces.
CHARLES GUSTAVE SPITZ, FRENCH PHOTOGRAPHER, CELEBRATING BASTILLE DAY* IN TAHITI,** PHOTOGRAPH TAKEN FOR PUBLICATION IN THE FRENCH PRESS, 1889. The photograph best supports which of the following inferences about French colonial rule in Tahiti in the 1880?
Colonial authorities attempted to impart a sense of French national identity to native Tahitians.
ANNUAL REVENUES AND EXPENDITURES OF THE AFRICAN FRENCH COLONY OF TOGO, 1938. The revenues section of the table can best be used to illustrate which of the following continuities between pre-1900 and post-1900 European imperialism?
Colonial powers sought to extract wealth and economic resources from the colonized peoples.
Brij Lal, Fijian historian of Indian ethnicity, article published in an academic journal, 2000 Which of the following nineteenth-century processes most directly contributed to the migration of Indian laborers to Fiji as described in the passage?
Colonial states in Asia and the Pacific relied on coerced labor to work on plantations.
The division of islands such as Borneo, New Guinea, and Timor on both maps best reflects which of the following? Responses
Conquest by and competition between colonial empires
A historian researching factors that contributed to the rise of industrial production in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries would find which of the following types of sources most helpful?
Data on migration of rural populations to urban areas
Henry Morton Stanley, Welsh-American journalist, explorer, and agent for King Leopold of Belgium's Congo Free State, The Congo and the Founding of Its Free State, book published in 1885 Based on the third paragraph, Stanley's vision of the future of the Congo River basin can best be seen as part of which of the following late-nineteenth-century developments? Responses
Economic imperialism
INFORMATION ON PROFITS AND RISKS OF VARIOUS INVESTMENT TYPES, PROVIDED BY ENGLISH COMMERCIAL BANKS AND OTHER PRIVATE LENDERS TO PROSPECTIVE INVESTORS, 1750 TO 1800. An increase in the number of overseas investment opportunities such as those shown in the table in the nineteenth century most strongly contributed to which of the following processes? Responses
Economic imperialism in Asia and Latin America, as Western individuals and businesses pressured their governments to protect their investments
Godfrey Uzoigwe, Nigerian historian, Britain and the Conquest of Africa, 1974 Which of the following best describes the author's main argument in the passage?
Economic motives explain much of the motivation for imperial expansion in Africa but cannot be entirely separated from other motives.
Which of the following facilitated European expansion in Asia in the nineteenth century? Responses
Europe's development of new military technologies
Aimé Césaire, Afro-Caribbean intellectual, Discourse on Colonialism, 1953 Césaire's statement above was most likely made in response to Responses
European colonizers' claim that their rule had improved life in the colonies
Which of the following resulted from Europe's expansion overseas in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries? Responses
European countries acquired colonies and dominated world trade.
A. Ivanov, Russian writer, A Century Since the Integration of the Crimea into Russia, book published in Russia in 1883 The expansion of the Russian Empire in the late eighteenth and nineteenth centuries is primarily explained in the context of which of the following global developments?
European states acquiring growing technological and military advantages over non-European societies to expand their power
PHOTOGRAPH OF A FRENCH SCHOOL IN ALGIERS, INCLUDED IN A FRENCH GOVERNMENT PUBLICATION SHOWING SCENES FROM COLONIAL ALGERIA, 1857. The photograph best illustrates which of the following aspects of European colonial policies in nineteenth-century Africa?
European states imposing their culture in an attempt to spread their values among colonial populations
Karl Pearson, British mathematics professor, National Life from the Standpoint of Science, 1900 In the late 1800s, attitudes such as the one expressed in the passage had contributed most directly to which of the following?
European states' competition to acquire overseas colonies
Karl Pearson, British mathematics professor, National Life from the Standpoint of Science, 1900 The founding of "the Australian nation," as alluded to in the passage, was part of which of the following processes?
European states' establishment of settler colonies
Henry Morton Stanley, Welsh-American journalist, explorer, and agent for King Leopold of Belgium's Congo Free State, The Congo and the Founding of Its Free State, book published in 1885 The commodities listed by Stanley in the second paragraph can best be understood in the context of
Europeans' need for resources to be used in industrial production
Which of the following facilitated the creation of European empires in Africa during the late nineteenth century?
Europeans' use of both warfare and diplomacy
"Extraterritoriality" can best be described as which of the following?
Exemption of foreigners from the laws of the country in which they live
ANNUAL REVENUES AND EXPENDITURES OF THE AFRICAN FRENCH COLONY OF TOGO, 1938. Which of the following pieces of data from the table most directly contradicts the claims of European imperial powers that colonies existed for the benefit of the colonized?
Expenditures on administrative salaries were far greater than what was spent on public works and infrastructure.
The developments depicted in Map 2 most directly emerged from which of the following developments in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries?
Government-sponsored industrialization as part of the Meiji reforms
Which of the following describes the major impact of the introduction of coffee growing in places like Kenya and El Salvador after 1880 ? Responses
Greater dependence on foreign markets by Africans and Latin Americans
Somali oral poem expressing a woman's perspective, circa 1960 Which of the following historical developments in the late nineteenth century and early twentieth century would have been most likely to undermine the author's vision of Nigerian society as expressed in Source 1 ?
Greater global integration resulted in the spread of ideas based on social equality.
Li Zhou, laborer from Guangzhou province in southern China, interview given to a reporter in the United States describing his journey to the United States in the 1860s Long-distance immigration to the Americas in the late nineteenth century most often contributed to which of the following processes?
Growing rates of urbanization as migrants predominantly settled in cities in the receiving societies
Ferdinando Martini, governor of the Italian colony of Eritrea, Concerning Africa, 1897 The author's statement that descendants of Italian emigrants "ended up forgetting the language of their fathers and forefathers" most directly refers to which of the following aspects of nineteenth-century migration? Responses
Immigrants often adopted the dominant culture of the state in receiving societies.
Josiah Strong, American Protestant clergyman, essay on Anglo-Saxons, 1891 The sentiments expressed in the quotation above are most supportive of which of the following concepts?
Imperialism
Which of the following was among the first results of the European Industrial Revolution in other parts of the world? Responses
Increased demand for commodities such as cotton and palm oil
Which of the following countries or regions led the world in the production of cotton cloth in 1700? Responses
India
CLOVE* PRICES IN SOUTHEAST ASIA AND IN AMSTERDAM, 1580-1850. Which of the following best explains why spices, such as cloves, became a LESS important component of colonial trade during the nineteenth century?
Industrialization increased the demand for manufactured goods relative to the demand for spices.
The photo above, showing skin-tone evaluation performed on an Indonesian inmate in a Dutch colonial prison in 1933, most clearly exemplifies which of the following?
Influence of scientific theories on race
Which of the following was a major unintended effect of the publication of Charles Darwin's 1859 work On the Origin of Species?
It became the basis of various theories asserting that Europeans were naturally superior to other peoples.
Between 1750 and 1900, which of the following industrializing states created an empire?
Japan
JAPANESE ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT 1890-1975. Which of the following was the most direct political consequence of Japan's attempts to sustain the economic trend shown in the table for the period 1930-1938 ? Responses
Japan engaged in imperial expansion to acquire access to raw materials.
Rabindranath Tagore, Indian poet and Nobel Prize in Literature recipient, excerpt from a speech given while on a tour of Japan, 1916 Which of the following developments in the late 1800s and early 1900s most directly challenges the author's argument regarding the role of Japan in Asia?
Japanese imperial expansion into Asian territories such as Taiwan and Korea
In the Japanese print above of the war between China and Japan (1894-1895), the artist suggests that the
Japanese showed their mastery of Western technology, dress and military bearing
In the mid-twentieth century, the presence of Chinese and Japanese populations in North America and of South Asian populations in the Caribbean and South Africa is best explained by which of the following?
Labor migrations during the nineteenth century
Which of the following best explains all of the migration movements shown on the map above? Responses
Labor shortages in plantation agriculture, the mineral extraction industry, and transportation projects
POPULATION TABLE FOR SELECTED STATES, 1800-2000. Which of the following likely contributed the most to the population changes shown in the table for Latin American states such as Argentina and Brazil in the period 1800-1900 ?
Large increases in immigration from Europe
Brij Lal, Fijian historian of Indian ethnicity, article published in an academic journal, 2000 Which of the following processes most directly contributed to the tensions in Fiji described in the first paragraph? Responses
Migrant groups often created relatively isolated ethnic enclaves, while receiving societies responded to them through ethnic prejudice.
Which of the following statements is true of global migration patterns during the nineteenth century?
Migrants increasingly relocated from rural areas to cities.
INDENTURED AND POST-INDENTURED WORKERS FROM INDIA EMPLOYED ON SUGAR PLANTATIONS ON THE ISLAND OF TRINIDAD, BRITISH CARIBBEAN, 1854-1910. The numbers in Column B are most likely a reflection of which trend that affected many migrants in the late nineteenth century? Responses
Migrants often lacked opportunities for economic and social advancement as a result of anti-immigrant prejudice and racism in the receiving societies.
Letter from an anonymous female reader to the Egyptian journal Al-Hilal, 1894 The letter's reference in the third paragraph to the claims of "our doctors and scientists" is best understood in the context of which of the following late nineteenth-century processes?
Physical differences between genders and racial groups were used to justify the denial of rights to women and non-Europeans.
PHOTOGRAPH OF A FRENCH SCHOOL IN ALGIERS, INCLUDED IN A FRENCH GOVERNMENT PUBLICATION SHOWING SCENES FROM COLONIAL ALGERIA, 1857. The rapid expansion of European empires in Africa in the late nineteenth century is best explained in the context of which of the following?
Political rivalries between European states encouraging diplomatic agreements that reserved colonies for European powers
Bholanath Chakravarti, Bengali religious scholar, lecture at a meeting of a Hindu reformist society, Kolkata, India, 1876 A historian analyzing the lecture would most likely argue that the audience of Chakravarti's lecture is significant because it shows the most direct contrast with which of the following developments in the nineteenth century? Responses
Religious movements often inspired rebellions against imperial rule.
Anna de São Jozé da Trindade, Afro-Brazilian woman, last will and testament, 1823 Which of the following was the most significant change in Latin American labor systems between the time the document was produced and 1900 ?
Slavery was abolished in all Latin American countries.
Karl Pearson, British mathematics professor, National Life from the Standpoint of Science, 1900 Pearson's argument in the passage is most clearly representative of which of the following ideologies?
Social Darwinism
The quotation above by an early-twentieth-century Chinese revolutionary illustrates the influence of
Social Darwinism
Yukichi Fukuzawa, Japanese intellectual, Commentary on the Current Problems, 1881 Based on the passage, it can be inferred that in the late nineteenth century international relations were increasingly perceived as being governed by
Social Darwinism and international power politics
PHOTOGRAPH OF A FRENCH SCHOOL IN ALGIERS, INCLUDED IN A FRENCH GOVERNMENT PUBLICATION SHOWING SCENES FROM COLONIAL ALGERIA, 1857. The ability of the French colonial government in Algeria to establish schools for the native Algerian population can best be seen as part of which of the following broader developments in European colonialism in the late nineteenth century? Responses
Some European states strengthened their control over their existing colonies.
Indians have been the victors in the battlefields of Burma, Egypt, China and the Sudan." In Poem 1, the sentiments regarding education and politics are best understood in the context of which of the following? Responses
The British failure to provide mass education in India, for fear that doing so would encourage resistance against imperial rule
AGOSTINO BRUNIAS, ITALIAN PAINTER, PAINTING SHOWING FREE WOMEN OF MIXED RACIAL ANCESTRY WITH THEIR CHILDREN AND SERVANTS IN DOMINICA, A BRITISH COLONY IN THE WEST INDIES, LATE EIGHTEENTH CENTURY. The artist's perspective on the subject of the painting was most likely influenced by which of the following? Responses
The Enlightenment
Based on an analysis of the Japanese currency used during the Meiji period (1868—1912) shown above, which of the following is the primary message conveyed by the engraving?
The Japanese government saw itself as a major Pacific power.
During the nineteenth century, which of the following engaged in a territorial expansion most similar to the one depicted in Map 1 ?
The United States
INDENTURED AND POST-INDENTURED WORKERS FROM INDIA EMPLOYED ON SUGAR PLANTATIONS ON THE ISLAND OF TRINIDAD, BRITISH CARIBBEAN, 1854-1910. Which of the following processes in the nineteenth century most directly created the economic needs filled by Indian indentured servants in the Caribbean?
The abolition of the trans-Atlantic slave trade and of slavery in British colonies
A SKETCH BY JAN BRANDES, DUTCH LUTHERAN MINISTER LIVING IN JAKARTA, INDONESIA, 1784. In the late nineteenth century, which of the following would most motivate the Dutch to continue to expand their presence in Indonesia?
The acquisition of natural resources for manufacturing
United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), statement about the "science of race," 1949 The declaration can best be understood as a rejection of which of the following ideals?
The belief that some groups of people are inherently superior to others
Indians have been the victors in the battlefields of Burma, Egypt, China and the Sudan." Which of the following best accounts for the circumstances of Indian workers alluded to in Poem 1 ?
The coerced migration of Indian indentured servants
Letter from a Kenyan medical officer to the British Committee on Nutrition in the Colonial Empire, 1937 The two passages best represent which of the following justifications for European imperialism?
The concept of the European mission to civilize colonized peoples
A. Ivanov, Russian writer, A Century Since the Integration of the Crimea into Russia, book published in Russia in 1883 In its description of the condition of the Crimean Tatars, the second paragraph most directly provides evidence of the influence of which of the following? Responses
The concept of the civilizing mission
During the nineteenth century, which of the following most directly motivated the major expansion of imperial territories in Southeast Asia as shown in Map 1 ?
The desire to extract resources and raw materials
Li Zhou, laborer from Guangzhou province in southern China, interview given to a reporter in the United States describing his journey to the United States in the 1860s Late-nineteenth-century transoceanic labor migrations were most directly facilitated by which of the following developments?
The development of new, more affordable methods of transportation
A SKETCH BY JAN BRANDES, DUTCH LUTHERAN MINISTER LIVING IN JAKARTA, INDONESIA, 1784. Which of the following developments facilitated the family situation portrayed in Brandes' sketch? Responses
The expansion of European colonial empires in Southeast Asia
Harry Rivett-Carnac, British cotton commissioner for Berar province, India, annual report, 1869 A historian interpreting the policies advocated for in the passage would most likely argue that they are best explained in the context of which of the following?
The importance of raw materials to the development of industrial economies
POPULATION OF THE HAWAIIAN ISLANDS IN THE PACIFIC, 1778-1878. Which of the following best explains the changes in the population of the Hawaiian Islands from 1872 to 1878 ? Responses
The increased presence of Asian indentured servants on Hawaiian plantations
Christopher Bayly, British historian, Recovering Liberties: Indian Thought in the Age of Liberalism and Empire, 2012 The spread of the liberal ideas discussed in the passage was most directly a result of which of the following?
The influence of European political and educational institutions facilitated by British imperial policies in India
Thomas Skidmore, United States historian, excerpt from academic book, Brazil: Five Centuries of Change, 1999 The changing relationship between Portugal and Brazil described in the passage can best be understood in the context of which of the following developments after 1750 ? Responses
The onset of Latin American independence movements
CHARLES GUSTAVE SPITZ, FRENCH PHOTOGRAPHER, CELEBRATING BASTILLE DAY* IN TAHITI,** PHOTOGRAPH TAKEN FOR PUBLICATION IN THE FRENCH PRESS, 1889. Which of the following events would have been most likely to produce a cultural context similar to the one depicted in the image?
The scramble for Africa
Letter from an anonymous female reader to the Egyptian journal Al-Hilal, 1894 The disputes over women's social status alluded to in the letter best reflect which of the following late nineteenth-century changes in Middle Eastern societies? Responses
The spread of intellectual and political ideals that advocated for natural rights
Letter from an anonymous female reader to the Egyptian journal Al-Hilal, 1894 Which of the following groups in late-nineteenth-century Egypt would have been most likely to support the author's view in the third paragraph about the status of women in "modern civilization" ?
The urban middle class
"Remarks on the Opium Trade," letter to a British magazine from an anonymous English merchant in Guangzhou (Canton), China, published in 1836 The trade described in the passage is best seen as an early example of which of the following?
The use of economic imperialism by European merchants and states
In the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, Social Darwinists made which of the following arguments?
Theories of natural selection could be applied to nations, races, and social classes.
INDIAN MUSLIM TROOPS IN THE BRITISH ARMED FORCES PRAYING. PHOTOGRAPH TAKEN IN SURREY, ENGLAND, 1916. The photograph best illustrates which aspect of population movements in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries?
They often involved the spread of cultural traditions into new locations.
The image above, from seventeenth-century Ethiopia, shows the Virgin Mary and Christ Child with the merchant who commissioned the painting lying below. Ethiopia's cultural traditions reflected in the painting had which of the following effects on Ethiopia's interactions with European colonial empires in the late nineteenth century?
They provided Ethiopians with an additional rationale for resisting European encroachment.
AGOSTINO BRUNIAS, ITALIAN PAINTER, PAINTING SHOWING FREE WOMEN OF MIXED RACIAL ANCESTRY WITH THEIR CHILDREN AND SERVANTS IN DOMINICA, A BRITISH COLONY IN THE WEST INDIES, LATE EIGHTEENTH CENTURY. Which of the following best describes the artist's likely purpose in painting this particular subject?
To argue for the respectability of free people of color
CHARLES GUSTAVE SPITZ, FRENCH PHOTOGRAPHER, CELEBRATING BASTILLE DAY* IN TAHITI,** PHOTOGRAPH TAKEN FOR PUBLICATION IN THE FRENCH PRESS, 1889. Which of the following best describes the likely purpose of the photograph?
To reassure the French public of the civilizing effects of colonial rule and the loyalty of colonial populations
Li Zhou, laborer from Guangzhou province in southern China, interview given to a reporter in the United States describing his journey to the United States in the 1860s On a global scale, the gender makeup of the migrants referred to in the second paragraph best helps to explain which of the following social changes in home societies in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries?
Women taking on new roles that had been formerly occupied by men
Anna de São Jozé da Trindade, Afro-Brazilian woman, last will and testament, 1823 As described in the passage, Anna da Trindade's life differed from the typical experience of newly arrived slaves in colonial Latin America in that she was
able to purchase her freedom
In the late nineteenth century, European imperialism in both Africa and China was characterized by
competition among imperialist powers
In the late nineteenth century, European involvement in both Africa and China was characterized primarily by
competition among imperialist powers
Harry Rivett-Carnac, British cotton commissioner for Berar province, India, annual report, 1869 On a global scale, the implementation of the types of policies that Rivett-Carnac advocated for in the passage is most significant in that it directly led to the
growth of nationalist movements in colonial societies against imperial rule
A. Ivanov, Russian writer, A Century Since the Integration of the Crimea into Russia, book published in Russia in 1883 The second paragraph best provides information about the way in which states in the nineteenth century Responses
justified territorial expansion by claiming that they were bringing progress to conquered regions
Bholanath Chakravarti, Bengali religious scholar, lecture at a meeting of a Hindu reformist society, Kolkata, India, 1876 The author's political point of view can be most clearly seen in the way in which the passage
omits any mention of the economic exploitation and resource extraction practiced by the British in India
Henry Morton Stanley, Welsh-American journalist, explorer, and agent for King Leopold of Belgium's Congo Free State, The Congo and the Founding of Its Free State, book published in 1885 Stanley's description of the riches of the Congo in the first two paragraphs can best be seen as an attempt to
place European expansion in the Congo in the context of other imperial ventures that had seemed difficult at first but have subsequently turned out to be highly valuable
Ferdinando Martini, governor of the Italian colony of Eritrea, Concerning Africa, 1897 Martini's argument in the second paragraph most clearly refers to the late-nineteenth-century belief that imperialism was a useful way to Responses
relieve overcrowding and land shortages in European countries
Darwin's theories were interpreted by Social Darwinists to indicate that
select human groups would dominate those less fit
Bholanath Chakravarti, Bengali religious scholar, lecture at a meeting of a Hindu reformist society, Kolkata, India, 1876 The arguments expressed in the passage are significant because they help explain why Responses
social divisions within colonial societies often hindered the efforts of anticolonial movements to overthrow imperial rule
The changes in the distribution of cities in the period 1800 to 1900 C.E. best illustrate the impact of
the Industrial Revolution
Harry Rivett-Carnac, British cotton commissioner for Berar province, India, annual report, 1869 Rivett-Carnac's point of view is directly relevant in understanding all of the following features of the report EXCEPT
the fact that the report states the railroad would lead to a reduction in the area of Berar covered by jungle
Ferdinando Martini, governor of the Italian colony of Eritrea, Concerning Africa, 1897 Italian and German imperial presence in Africa were similar in that both countries
were newly unified nations that began colonizing later than other European powers
