Unit 6 MC (not sure this is on it)
Which of the following describes sexual orientation? (A) Developing an inherent attraction or romantic relationship with a given gender or genders (B) Feeling gender is consistent throughout the life span (C) Identifying as a specific gender (D) Developing an overgeneralization about a group of individuals based on their gender (E) Learning a set of expectations that one feels are appropriate for various genders
(A) Developing an inherent attraction or romantic relationship with a given gender or genders
Which of the following scenarios best illustrates Jean Piaget's theory of cognitive development? (A) Jimmy, an infant, is learning about the world by exploring with his hands and his mouth. (B) Milen, a sixth grader, is learning a new math concept with the help of a more advanced math student. (C) Frances, a toddler, is struggling between feelings of autonomy and self-doubt. (D) Riaesha, a seventh grader, is learning because her teacher models an activity and then steps back, providing assistance as needed. (E) Matthew, a three year old, tells his mother he wants to marry her when he grows up.
(A) Jimmy, an infant, is learning about the world by exploring with his hands and his mouth.
Which scenario best illustrates what Erik Erikson would predict would happen in middle adulthood? (A) Timothy has worked at a bank for many years, where he feels rather stifled. He then decides to volunteer to read books to young children because he finds this volunteerism fulfilling. (B) Shanika works hard to accomplish new things and is very proud when she does. (C) Jorge likes to reminisce about his life. He thinks of the things he is proud of and the times he was disappointed in his experiences. (D) Anthony likes when he does things independently and feels bad when he cannot accomplish things on his own. (E) Amelia has tried many different ways of defining herself over the past few years.
(A) Timothy has worked at a bank for many years, where he feels rather stifled. He then decides to volunteer to read books to young children because he finds this volunteerism fulfilling.
Which of the following is an example of a key element of Jean Piaget's theory of cognitive development? (A) Stephani's reading progressed the same from seventh grade to eighth grade as it did from first grade to second grade. (B) Catherine finally realized her grandfather is her father's father. (C) Erin excelled at math despite the fact that she did not have good math teachers. (D) Courtney's ability to read was equally influenced by all the books in her home and her age. (E) Spencer's vocabulary increased by the same number of words every ten years throughout his life.
(B) Catherine finally realized her grandfather is her father's father.
Gender identity is when children begin to do which of the following? (A) Believe that gender is consistent over the life span (B) Identify as either male, female, or some blend of male and female (C) Believe that there are set ways that people of different genders are supposed to behave (D) Make generalizations about a gender group (E) Develop a way of thinking about people of each gender
(B) Identify as either male, female, or some blend of male and female
It is not possible to randomly assign the participants in Lawrence Kohlberg's studies on moral development into groups because (A) Kohlberg did not believe there were distinct stages of moral development (B) Kohlberg compared people of different ages (C) deception would be necessary (D) it would be unethical (E) his research would then not be generalizable to groups other than men
(B) Kohlberg compared people of different ages
Becky just watched a video of a child hitting a doll. According to Albert Bandura's research, Becky will now (A) get a second doll (B) hit her own doll (C) hug her doll (D) hide her doll (E) stop playing with her doll
(B) hit her own doll
Cheryl has difficulty making friends. She frequently argues with her peers and is mean to them. Her poor peer relationships can be explained by the fact that (A) she has a strong identity (B) she has a tense relationship with her parents (C) she is identity foreclosed (D) she is experiencing adolescent egocentrism (E) her cerebellum is not fully developed so she is overly emotional
(B) she has a tense relationship with her parents
Anthony is an adolescent who has a pimple on his cheek and thinks everyone is looking at it. Which of the following best explains what Anthony is experiencing? (A) the personal fable phenomenon (B) the imaginary audience phenomenon (C) moratorium (D) identity foreclosure (E) identity diffusion
(B) the imaginary audience phenomenon
Annette, who lives in the United States, experienced menarche at age ten, while her great-grandmother experienced it at age fourteen. Which of the following most likely explains the difference between the age that Annette and the age that her great-grandmother experienced menarche? (A) Annette's great-grandmother lived in a rural area, while Annette lives in a city. (B) Annette's great-grandmother was shorter than Annette. (C) Annette has better nutrition and medical care than her great-grandmother did. (D) Annette is the youngest child in her family, while her great-grandmother was the oldest child in her family. (E) Annette has more peers of the same age than her great-grandmother did.
(C) Annette has better nutrition and medical care than her great-grandmother did.
Crystal has three children she loves and cares for very much. Denise has two children that she neglects. Crystal's children are very friendly and talk to people more often than Denise's children. Which of the following is the likely result of the children's attachment to their mothers? (A) Denise's children will have better identity formation. (B) Crystal used rewards and punishments more often than Denise. (C) Crystal's children will have better socialization skills. (D) Denise's children's schemas regarding parent-child relationships are quite strong (E) Crystal's children will have resolved the Oedipal complex, and Denise's children will not have.
(C) Crystal's children will have better socialization skills.
Lawrence Kohlberg sampled 72 boys ages 10-16 years, the majority of whom he followed up with every 3 years for 20 years. He conducted interviews with the participants in which he presented them with a series of moral dilemmas. The participants judged the actions as right or wrong and provided their reasons for their decision. What type of research was Kohlberg conducting, and what were his findings? (A) Experimental; adolescents are typically in the conventional stage of moral reasoning (B) Experimental; adolescents are typically in the preconventional stage of moral reasoning (C) Longitudinal; adolescents are typically in the conventional stage of moral reasoning (D) Longitudinal; adolescents are typically in the preconventional stage of moral reasoning (E) Longitudinal; adolescents are typically in the postconventional stage of moral reasoning
(C) Longitudinal; adolescents are typically in the conventional stage of moral reasoning
Esther is looking back on her life and feels she has had a good life overall but that there are some things she could have done better. How would Erik Erikson explain Esther's thoughts? (A) She is starting to form her identity based on her past experiences. (B) She is experiencing proactive interference, which is causing her to reevaluate her life choices. (C) She is weighing whether she has succeeded in life, which is common in later adulthood. (D) She is reevaluating her life because she is following hypothetico-deductive thinking. (E) She is beginning to feel she can do things independently because she has had a good life.
(C) She is weighing whether she has succeeded in life, which is common in later adulthood.
Carol Gilligan was critical of Lawrence Kohlberg's theory of moral development. What is the basis of her critique? (A) She thought he should have used more men in his study. (B) She thought he should have conducted actual experiments. (C) She thought his findings about men are not generalizable to women. (D) She thought his research was unethical. (E) She thought he should have only studied adolescents.
(C) She thought his findings about men are not generalizable to women.
Gender typing is best defined as (A) the belief or feeling that gender is constant throughout the life span (B) an overgeneralization about a group of people based on their gender (C) the process by which children become aware of their gender and thus behave accordingly by adopting attributes of members of the gender that they identify with (D) the development of an attraction or romantic relationship with people of a given gender or genders (E) a set of expectations about how people of certain genders should behave
(C) the process by which children become aware of their gender and thus behave accordingly by adopting attributes of members of the gender that they identify with
Several researchers from an introductory psychology course observed infants, toddlers, and young children at a day care for one week. Over the course of the week, the researchers observed the gross and fine motor skills of all the children. After reviewing the data, the researchers were able to conclude that (A) infants gain control of their arm muscles before they gain control of their neck muscles (B) young children master fine motor skills more quickly than gross motor skills (C) young children master gross motor skills more quickly than fine motor skills (D) infants master using their fingers more quickly than their torso (E) infants master controlling their feet more quickly than lifting their head
(C) young children master gross motor skills more quickly than fine motor skills
After surveying 100 parents, researchers concluded that 90 percent of babies can walk by the age of 10 months. Why is this an inappropriate conclusion? (A) The researchers should have conducted an experiment. (B) The cerebellum is completely developed by ten months. (C) A case study would have yielded more reliable data. (D) At 10 months, ninety percent of toddlers have not reached the developmental milestones to walk. (E) At 10 months, seventy percent of toddlers can walk.
(D) At 10 months, ninety percent of toddlers have not reached the developmental milestones to walk.
Tanya is trying to remember a phone number, so she repeats it until she remembers it. Which of the following best explains why Tanya has chosen this way to remember? (A) Jean Piaget's theory of cognitive development, because she is using her frontal cortex. (B) Jean Piaget's theory of cognitive development, because this theory addresses encoding and storing information. (C) The information processing theory, because she is using deep processing. (D) The information processing theory, because this theory addresses encoding and storing information. (E) The information processing theory, because she is using a mnemonic device.
(D) The information processing theory, because this theory addresses encoding and storing information.
Studies have shown that identical twins raised together are more similar in relation to when they meet normative physical milestones than identical twins raised apart. Studies have also shown that identical twins are more similar in relation to when they meet normative physical milestones than ordinary siblings. What research method and explanation best fit the studies and their results? (A) Case studies, because heredity is more important than environment in development. (B) Correlational research, because environment is more important than heredity in development. (C) Experiments, because both heredity and environment are important in development. (D) Case studies, because environment is more important than heredity in development. (E) Correlational research, because both heredity and environment are important in development.
(E) Correlational research, because both heredity and environment are important in development.
Which of the following scenarios best describes the relationship between temperament and child-parent relationships? (A) Garrett's parents reward him for having an easy temperament, so he remains an easy child. (B) Stanley has an easy temperament, which has made him more sensitive to differences in parenting. (C) Anthony has a difficult temperament, which has made him less sensitive to differences in parenting. (D) Fred has a slow-to-warm-up temperament, which has led his parents to be distant with him. (E) Sammy has a difficult temperament, but his parents love and care for him anyway.
(E) Sammy has a difficult temperament, but his parents love and care for him anyway.
As a teenager, Amy often changed her wardrobe, her hair color, and the decorations in her bedroom. These actions are most strongly connected with Erik Erikson's theory of (A) moral development (B) sexual development (C) social development (D) cognitive development (E) identity development
(E) identity development
