Unit 6 Stimulus-Based Questions
C
The scene depicted in the illustration above is most clearly a result of which of the following developments of the late nineteenth century? A. the overcrowding of cities and the decline of rural areas B. the development of self-conscious working and middle classes C. the creation of new innovations as a consequence of the Second Industrial Revolution D. the bourgeois enjoyment of leisure time centering on the family
D
"In the Cause of Humanity: Abolition of suttee and infanticide. Destruction of Dacoits, Thugs, Pindarees, and other such pests of Indian society. Allowing remarriage of Hindu widows, and charitable aid in time of famine... In the Cause of Civilization: Education, both male and female. Though yet only partial, an inestimable blessing as far as it has gone... Politically: Peace and order. Freedom of speech and liberty of the press. Higher political knowledge and aspirations. Improvement of government in the native states. Security of life and property... Materially: Loans for railways and irrigation. Development of a few valuable products, such as indigo, tea, coffee, silk, etc. Increase of exports. Telegraphs. Generally: A slowly growing desire of late to treat India equitably, and as a country held in trust. Good intentions. No nation on the face of the earth has ever had the opportunity of achieving such a glorious work as this... The Detriments of British Rule: Politically: Repeated breach of pledges to give the natives a fair and reasonable share in the higher administration of their own country, which has much shaken confidence in the good faith of the British word...treating the natives of India not as British subjects... Financially: All attention is engrossed in devising new modes of taxation, without any adequate effort to increase the means of the people to pay... Summary: To sum up the whole, the British rule has been: morally, a great blessing; politically, peace and order on one hand, blunders on the other; materially, impoverishment, relieved as far as the railway and other loans go. The natives call the British system "Sakar ki Churi," the knife of sugar. That is to say, there is no oppression, it is all smooth and sweet, but it is the knife, notwithstanding. I mention this that you should know these feelings. Our great misfortune is that you do not know our wants. When you will know our real wishes, I have not the least doubt that you would do justice." —Dadabhai Naoroji, The Benefits of British Rule in India, 1871 (from MyHistoryLab) What event occurred in the decade prior to this document that reflected the Indian idea of "Sakar ki Churi"? A. the "Black Hole of Calcutta" rescue B. the assassination of the last Mughal emperor by mercenaries C. the collapse of the Indian pepper market due to unwarranted British influence D. the Sepoy rebellion against the British
C
"In the Cause of Humanity: Abolition of suttee and infanticide. Destruction of Dacoits, Thugs, Pindarees, and other such pests of Indian society. Allowing remarriage of Hindu widows, and charitable aid in time of famine... In the Cause of Civilization: Education, both male and female. Though yet only partial, an inestimable blessing as far as it has gone... Politically: Peace and order. Freedom of speech and liberty of the press. Higher political knowledge and aspirations. Improvement of government in the native states. Security of life and property... Materially: Loans for railways and irrigation. Development of a few valuable products, such as indigo, tea, coffee, silk, etc. Increase of exports. Telegraphs. Generally: A slowly growing desire of late to treat India equitably, and as a country held in trust. Good intentions. No nation on the face of the earth has ever had the opportunity of achieving such a glorious work as this... The Detriments of British Rule: Politically: Repeated breach of pledges to give the natives a fair and reasonable share in the higher administration of their own country, which has much shaken confidence in the good faith of the British word...treating the natives of India not as British subjects... Financially: All attention is engrossed in devising new modes of taxation, without any adequate effort to increase the means of the people to pay... Summary: To sum up the whole, the British rule has been: morally, a great blessing; politically, peace and order on one hand, blunders on the other; materially, impoverishment, relieved as far as the railway and other loans go. The natives call the British system "Sakar ki Churi," the knife of sugar. That is to say, there is no oppression, it is all smooth and sweet, but it is the knife, notwithstanding. I mention this that you should know these feelings. Our great misfortune is that you do not know our wants. When you will know our real wishes, I have not the least doubt that you would do justice." —Dadabhai Naoroji, The Benefits of British Rule in India, 1871 (from MyHistoryLab) What shift in British Indian colonial policies does Dababhai Naoroji note in his observations in The Benefits of British Rule in India? A. The British no longer cared about economic development and, instead, pursued liberal political reforms. B. India was no longer valued as a colonial possession and was allowed to govern itself once again. C. The British expanded their mission from purely economic to also include cultural reforms. D. The British changed their approach to governance and restored local social and religious customs.
C
"It would scarcely repay the trouble if we were to treat the historical significance of dreams as a separate topic.... But this only raises a fresh problem so long as a dream is regarded as an alien power in contrast to other more familiar forces of the mind; if a dream is recognized as a form of expression for impulses which are under the pressure of resistance during the day, but which have been able to draw reinforcement from deep-lying sources of excitation." Sigmund Freud, The Interpretation of Dreams, 1900 The worldview of which of the following eras was most directly undermined by the Freud's ideas as expressed in this excerpt? A. Romantic B. Nationalist C. Enlightenment D. Impressionist
A
"It would scarcely repay the trouble if we were to treat the historical significance of dreams as a separate topic.... But this only raises a fresh problem so long as a dream is regarded as an alien power in contrast to other more familiar forces of the mind; if a dream is recognized as a form of expression for impulses which are under the pressure of resistance during the day, but which have been able to draw reinforcement from deep-lying sources of excitation." Sigmund Freud, The Interpretation of Dreams, 1900 Which of the following best is most directly reflected in Freud's argument? A. an emphasis on the irrational and the struggle between the conscious and subconscious B. a theory of relativity undermining the primacy of an objective view of nature C. a new model of thought based on the concept of natural rights and the principles of equality D. a belief in the importance of the role of emotions in the moral development of self and society
C
"The Rhodes Colossus: Striding from Cape Town to Cairo." Caricature of Cecil John Rhodes in Punch magazine, December 10, 1892. Which of the following pieces of evidence best illustrates a late nineteenth-century effect of the actions shown in the cartoon above? A. Non-Europeans led successful nationalist uprisings, which led to independence for most before 1945. B. Extreme nationalist parties in Europe rose to prominence and focused on anti-immigration policies. C. Diplomatic tensions and competition among European states strained the alliance system. D. The exchange of goods shifted the center of economic power in Europe from the Mediterranean to the Atlantic states.
A
"The policy of colonial expansion is a political and economic system...that can be connected to three sets of ideas: economic ideas; the most far-reaching ideas of civilization; and ideas of a political and patriotic sort. In the area of economics, I am placing before you...the considerations that justify the policy of colonial expansion, as seen from the perspective of a need, felt more urgently by the industrialized population of Europe and especially the people of...France: the need for outlets [that is, for exports].... We must say openly...the higher races have a right over the lower races.... I repeat, that the superior races...have the duty to civilize the inferior races...." Jules Ferry, Speech before the French Chamber of Deputies, 1884 Which of the following was an unintended consequence of the process that Ferry advocated for in this excerpt? A. Non-Europeans began to challenge European imperialism through nationalist movements. B. Imperialism generated wars among rival European nations. C. Europeans justified imperialism through an ideology of cultural and racial superiority. D. The League of Nations distributed former German and Ottoman possessions to France and Great Britain through the mandate system.
D
"The wealth of China is used to profit the barbarians... By what right do they then in return use the poisonous drug to injure the Chinese people?... Since it is not permitted to do harm in your own country, then even less should you let it be passed on to the harm of other countries - how much less to China! Of all that China exports to foreign countries, there is not a single thing which is not beneficial to people... Now we have set up regulations governing the Chinese people. He who sells opium shall receive the death penalty and he who smokes it also the death penalty... [I]n the new regulations, in regard to the barbarians who bring opium to China, the penalty is fixed at decapitation or strangulation. This is what is called getting rid of a harmful thing on behalf of mankind..." —Letter from Lin Tse-hsu (Chinese official) to Queen Victoria of England, 1839 What motivated the British trade discussed by Lin Tse-hsu? A. retaliation for overpriced goods like silk and tea B. concern over the closure of Chinese markets to British textiles C. fear that the Chinese market would be taken over by other European nations, as well as the United States D. desire of merchants to use goods secured in India to improve their trade position in China
D
Monet's painting above best reflects which of the following nineteenth century artistic trends? A. breaking from classical artistic forms to emphasize intuition, the spirit, individuality, emotion, and natural histories B. the notion that science alone provides knowledge C. the desire to depict the life of ordinary people and to draw attention to social problems D. a move beyond the representational to the subjective and expressive
D
Per Capita Levels of Industrialization, 1750-1913 [per capita industrialization level table] Found on p. 662 of A History of Western Society, 11th Edition, since 1300, for AP*. Note: All entries are based on an index value of 100, equal to the per capita level of industrialization in Great Britain in 1900. Data for Great Britain includes Ireland, England, Wales, and Scotland. What best explains the patterns of declining industrialization in China and India during the nineteenth century? A. Mechanization and the factory system became the predominant modes of production by 1914. B. The persistence of pre-industrial agricultural practices and traditional land-owning patterns provoked famine, debt, and land shortages. C. As non-Europeans became educated in Western values, they modernized their own economies. D. The search for raw materials and markets for manufactured goods drove Europeans to colonize Asia.
