Unit 6.1/6.2 APWH
A historian researching the effects of Christian missionaries' activities on local social structures in late-nineteenth-century Africa would probably find which of the following sources most useful? A African accounts of converting to Christianity B Fundraising speeches given in Europe by supporters of missionary efforts C Data on the number of missionaries going to Africa D Recruitment advertisements for missionaries in church newsletters in Europe
A African accounts of converting to Christianity
In the late 1800s, attitudes such as the one expressed in the passage had contributed most directly to which of the following? A European states' competition to acquire overseas colonies B The abolitionist movement to end slavery C The creation of industrialized economies in Europe D Efforts by European missionaries to convert non-Europeans to Christianity for their spiritual salvation
A European states' competition to acquire overseas colonies
"Extraterritoriality" can best be described as which of the following? A Exemption of foreigners from the laws of the country in which they live B Expansion of a country's international borders to natural boundaries C Extension of dual citizenship to immigrants D Acquisition of new colonies or territories E Establishment of a government in exile
A Exemption of foreigners from the laws of the country in which they live
Between 1750 and 1900, which of the following industrializing states created an empire? A Japan B China C Brazil D Argentina
A Japan
Which of the following scientific concepts had the greatest role in providing a justification for imperialism in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries? A Louis Pasteur's germ theory of disease B Charles Darwin's theory of evolution C Albert Einstein's theory of relativity D Marie Curie's theory of radioactivity
B Charles Darwin's theory of evolution
Which of the following pieces of data from the table most directly contradicts the claims of European imperial powers that colonies existed for the benefit of the colonized? A Colonized peoples were expected to pay taxes to support the colonial government. B Expenditures on administrative salaries were far greater than what was spent on public works and infrastructure. C The colonial government received income from the postal system and from telegraph services. D A significant portion of the colonial budget was provided by the French government.
B Expenditures on administrative salaries were far greater than what was spent on public works and infrastructure.
The developments depicted in Map 2 most directly emerged from which of the following developments in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries? A European economic imperialism in Qing China B Government-sponsored industrialization as part of the Meiji reforms C American and European influence over Tokugawa Japan D Increasing questions about political authority and growing nationalism
B Government-sponsored industrialization as part of the Meiji reforms
Which of the following facilitated the creation of European empires in Africa during the late nineteenth century? A Africans' unified resistance to European intervention B Europeans' desire to develop industry in Africa C Europeans' use of both warfare and diplomacy D Africans' widespread acceptance of European laws
C Europeans' use of both warfare and diplomacy
In the Japanese print above of the war between China and Japan (1894-1895), the artist suggests that the A Chinese were brave and honorable opponents B Japanese fought by using time-honored samurai tactics and weapons C Japanese showed their mastery of Western technology, dress and military bearing D Chinese actively sought foreign help against the Japanese
C Japanese showed their mastery of Western technology, dress and military bearing
The two passages best represent which of the following justifications for European imperialism? A The idea that the colonies would provide opportunities for the settlement of European farmers B The nationalist competition among European states over colonial territory C The concept of the European mission to civilize colonized peoples D The acquisition of new markets and territories
C The concept of the European mission to civilize colonized peoples
In its description of the condition of the Crimean Tatars, the second paragraph most directly provides evidence of the influence of which of the following? A Laissez-faire liberalism B The ideology of nationalism C The concept of the civilizing mission D The racial theory of Social Darwinism
C The concept of the civilizing mission
Which of the following events would have been most likely to produce a cultural context similar to the one depicted in the image? A The spread of Marxist ideas B The Taiping Rebellion in China C The scramble for Africa D The unification of Germany
C The scramble for Africa
Which of the following best summarizes the two plans for improving nutrition in Britain's colonies? A Both sources emphasize the need to expand economic production in the colonies. B Both sources emphasize the need to educate farmers in order to improve agricultural practices. C Both sources emphasize the need to respect traditional African economic practices and gender norms. D Both sources emphasize the need to enlist the cooperation of Africans in implementing colonial policies.
D Both sources emphasize the need to enlist the cooperation of Africans in implementing colonial policies.
The division of islands such as Borneo, New Guinea, and Timor on both maps best reflects which of the following? A Borders established by early Southeast Asian kingdoms and empires B Natural physical boundaries such as rivers and mountains C Significant linguistic, ethnic, or cultural divisions between the inhabitants D Conquest by and competition between colonial empires
D Conquest by and competition between colonial empires
The photo above, showing skin-tone evaluation performed on an Indonesian inmate in a Dutch colonial prison in 1933, most clearly exemplifies which of the following? A Improvements in medical care B Restrictions of educational opportunities for colonial subjects C Local resistance to colonial rule D Influence of scientific theories on race
D Influence of scientific theories on race
Which of the following was a major unintended effect of the publication of Charles Darwin's 1859 work On the Origin of Species? A It became the basis for scientific research of human development. B It provided a scientific explanation of the evolution of animals and plants. C It became the basis for all subsequent scientific research on species extinction. D It became the basis of various theories asserting that Europeans were naturally superior to other peoples.
D It became the basis of various theories asserting that Europeans were naturally superior to other peoples.
The photograph best supports which of the following inferences about French colonial rule in Tahiti in the 1880? A Colonial authorities attempted to impart a sense of French national identity to native Tahitians. B Tahiti provided France with valuable sources of raw materials as well as with markets for French manufactured goods. C The spread of Enlightenment ideas and anticolonial movements led many Tahitians to demand independence from France. D French control of Tahiti was under threat from expanding rival colonial empires in the Pacific, such as Great Britain, Japan, and the United States.
A Colonial authorities attempted to impart a sense of French national identity to native Tahitians.
Which of the following developments in the late 1800s and early 1900s most directly challenges the author's argument regarding the role of Japan in Asia? A Japanese imperial expansion into Asian territories such as Taiwan and Korea B Resistance to modernization by traditional Japanese elites C Meiji Japan's success in developing an industrial economy D The adoption of a parliamentary political system
A Japanese imperial expansion into Asian territories such as Taiwan and Korea
The quotation above by an early-twentieth-century Chinese revolutionary illustrates the influence of A Social Darwinism B communism C National Socialism D anarchism
A Social Darwinism
Based on the passage, it can be inferred that in the late nineteenth century international relations were increasingly perceived as being governed by A Social Darwinism and international power politics B the Enlightenment and theories of natural rights C traditional or religious morality D socialism and the concept of international workers' solidarity
A Social Darwinism and international power politics
The declaration can best be understood as a rejection of which of the following ideals? A The belief that some groups of people are inherently superior to others B The belief that all cultures have intrinsic value C The belief that race is a social construction D The belief that the concept of race has had a major impact on human interactions
A The belief that some groups of people are inherently superior to others
The spread of the liberal ideas discussed in the passage was most directly a result of which of the following? A The influence of European political and educational institutions facilitated by British imperial policies in India B The revival of traditional Hindu social structures as a reaction against British influence in India C The example of American revolutions influenced by Enlightenment principles D The return of overseas migrants from plantations in the Pacific and Caribbean
A The influence of European political and educational institutions facilitated by British imperial policies in India
The changing relationship between Portugal and Brazil described in the passage can best be understood in the context of which of the following developments after 1750 ? A The onset of Latin American independence movements B The emergence of the Industrial Revolution in Brazil C The expansion of the Portuguese Empire in Central America D The decline of nationalism in Brazil as a popular ideology
A The onset of Latin American independence movements
Martini's argument in the second paragraph most clearly refers to the late-nineteenth-century belief that imperialism was a useful way to A relieve overcrowding and land shortages in European countries B secure raw materials for European factories C promote scientific and technological progress D "civilize" native populations through social change
A relieve overcrowding and land shortages in European countries
Darwin's theories were interpreted by Social Darwinists to indicate that A select human groups would dominate those less fit B European countries were more nationalistic C non-White groups were better adapted to tropical climates D imperialism went against the theory of natural selection E education would lead to equality
A select human groups would dominate those less fit
The founding of "the Australian nation," as alluded to in the passage, was part of which of the following processes? A The creation of mercantilist empires to extract natural resources B European states' establishment of settler colonies C European companies' establishment of overseas trading posts D Japan's creation of its own empire in Asia
B European states' establishment of settler colonies
The sentiments expressed in the quotation above are most supportive of which of the following concepts? A Nationalism B Imperialism C Liberalism D Marxism
B Imperialism
The rapid expansion of European empires in Africa in the late nineteenth century is best explained in the context of which of the following? A Economic competition between European states fostering the creation of transnational business that sought to exchange raw materials from Europe for finished goods from colonies B Political rivalries between European states encouraging diplomatic agreements that reserved colonies for European powers C Rapid population increases in European colonies in Asia encouraging European states to create new colonies for migrants to settle D Revolutions in Europe leading European states to seek troops from colonial populations
B Political rivalries between European states encouraging diplomatic agreements that reserved colonies for European powers
The ability of the French colonial government in Algeria to establish schools for the native Algerian population can best be seen as part of which of the following broader developments in European colonialism in the late nineteenth century? A Some European states established trading-post empires. B Some European states strengthened their control over their existing colonies. C Some European states faced native resistance to their colonization efforts. D Some European states used Social Darwinism to justify their military subjugation of colonial peoples.
B Some European states strengthened their control over their existing colonies.
Which of the following developments facilitated the family situation portrayed in Brandes' sketch? A The recruitment of new bureaucratic elites by Muslim states in Southeast Asia B The expansion of European colonial empires in Southeast Asia C The changes in family demographic structure resulting from the trans-Atlantic slave trade D The creation of new gender hierarchies in emerging maritime empires
B The expansion of European colonial empires in Southeast Asia
Italian and German imperial presence in Africa were similar in that both countries A saw African colonies as secondary to their interests in Asia B were newly unified nations that began colonizing later than other European powers C primarily used their colonies in Africa to spread Christianity D invested heavily in African infrastructure and economic development
B were newly unified nations that began colonizing later than other European powers
Which of the following best characterizes Western imperialist expansion in the late nineteenth century? A Western fears of the spread of Japanese influence B Western investment to create self-sufficient economies in the new colonies C An unprecedented amount of territory colonized in a short period of time D The establishment of political institutions to resolve ethnic and religious conflicts within colonies E The decline of British and United States influence in international affairs
C An unprecedented amount of territory colonized in a short period of time
Based on the passage, the author would most likely have agreed with which of the following statements? A Britain's founding of Australia followed God's command to convert non-Whites. B All peoples of the world have the right to determine their own government. C Britain had contributed to human progress by taking over new colonies in Africa. D Nations go to war with each other mainly to gain precious metals.
C Britain had contributed to human progress by taking over new colonies in Africa.
Social Darwinism was used to justify which of the following during the nineteenth century? A Latin American independence movements B Domestic reforms in Meiji Japan C British colonization of India D Russian utilization of coerced peasant labor
C British colonization of India
Which of the following facilitated European expansion in Asia in the nineteenth century? A The popularity of democratic values among Asians B A general easing of tensions and cooperative expeditions among European powers C Europe's development of new military technologies D Asians' lack of resistance to European diseases E Europe's ability to send numerically superior armies to Asia
C Europe's development of new military technologies
Based on an analysis of the Japanese currency used during the Meiji period (1868—1912) shown above, which of the following is the primary message conveyed by the engraving? A The Japanese government considered its geographical proximity to China to be of primary importance. B The Japanese government focused its expansionist policy on Australia and New Zealand. C The Japanese government saw itself as a major Pacific power. D The Japanese government was eager to develop trade ties with the United States.
C The Japanese government saw itself as a major Pacific power.
During the nineteenth century, which of the following engaged in a territorial expansion most similar to the one depicted in Map 1 ? A Qajar Iran B The Ottoman Empire C The United States D The Holy Roman Empire
C The United States
In the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, Social Darwinists made which of the following arguments? A All people should be treated equally. B Human evolution had reached the point where competition was no longer necessary. C Theories of natural selection could be applied to nations, races, and social classes. D Interracial marriage should be encouraged.
C Theories of natural selection could be applied to nations, races, and social classes.
The second paragraph best provides information about the way in which states in the nineteenth century A used Enlightenment ideas to justify their attempts to convert conquered populations to Christianity B attempted to consolidate their conquests by enrolling local populations into imperial service C justified territorial expansion by claiming that they were bringing progress to conquered regions D facilitated cultural exchange between different religious groups to conquer neighboring states
C justified territorial expansion by claiming that they were bringing progress to conquered regions
The expansion of the Russian Empire in the late eighteenth and nineteenth centuries is primarily explained in the context of which of the following global developments? A European states using their control over maritime trade routes to impoverish non-European societies B European states using joint-stock companies to expand their economic and political dominance over non-European societies C European states taking advantage of religious conflicts in non-European societies to expand their influence D European states acquiring growing technological and military advantages over non-European societies to expand their power
D European states acquiring growing technological and military advantages over non-European societies to expand their power
The photograph best illustrates which of the following aspects of European colonial policies in nineteenth-century Africa? A European states attempting to encourage colonial populations to emigrate B European states attempting to spread Christianity among colonial populations C European states imposing democratic systems of government in order to prepare colonial populations for self-rule D European states imposing their culture in an attempt to spread their values among colonial populations
D European states imposing their culture in an attempt to spread their values among colonial populations
Pearson's argument in the passage is most clearly representative of which of the following ideologies? A Free-market capitalism B Marxism C Mercantilism D Social Darwinism
D Social Darwinism
Which of the following best describes the likely purpose of the photograph? A To document the changes in Polynesian political hierarchies and gender roles brought about by imperialism B To illustrate the photographer's belief that Tahitians were racially inferior to Europeans C To record the rapidly vanishing customs and institutions of native Polynesians D To reassure the French public of the civilizing effects of colonial rule and the loyalty of colonial populations
D To reassure the French public of the civilizing effects of colonial rule and the loyalty of colonial populations
In the late nineteenth century, European involvement in both Africa and China was characterized primarily by A the encouragement of slavery B extensive intermarriage with local peoples C small military enclaves along coastlines D competition among imperialist powers
D competition among imperialist powers
In the late nineteenth century, European imperialism in both Africa and China was characterized by A widespread trade in opium B the encouragement of slavery C extensive conquest of territory D small military enclaves along coastlines E competition among imperialist powers
E competition among imperialist powers
