Unit 7 Chapter 9 The West

Mission System

A way of living used by the Spanish in the Americas, in which settlements were designed to convert local Indians to Catholicism and make the loyal Spanish subjects.

Texas Revolution

(1835-1836) War of independence fought by Texans o gain independence from Mexico

Gold Rush

(1849) The mass migration of people to California after gold was discovered.

John Tyler

10th president of United States.

Zachary Taylor

12th President of the U.S. He was a war hero in the Mexican War.

Describe the discovery of gold inspired Americans to move west to improve their economic situation and impacted the development of California.

A man named John Marshall discovered gold while collecting water in California. James K. Polk made the slogan "Get rich quick" which influenced people to move to the West. More people were living in California so it made California more economically stable.

California Trail

A man names John Marshall discovered gold while collecting water in California (discovered by Suttel's Mill). The get rich quick which is inspired by president James K. Polk. 1849- "49ers". American men, Mexican immigrants, Chinese immigrants, and Europe people used this trail. It broke off of the Oregon Trail to San Fran CA. In 1849 about 30,000 people traveled the California Trail. An estimated 5,000 of those people died on the journey.

Entrepreneur

A person who organizes and operates a business or businesses, taking on greater than normal financial risks in order to do so.

Pony Express

A system of messengers that carried mail between relay stations on a route 2,000 miles long in 1860 and 1861.

What were the causes and effects of the Mexican-American War?

Cause Treaty of Valesco Annexation of Texas Effect New borders for Texas/US Civil disobedience

Describe the causes and consequences of America's westward expansion.

Cause: Louisiana Purchase Lewis and Clark Expedition Manifest Destiny Effect: New Religions Texas California Gold Rush Expansion of borders

What were the causes and effects of the Texas Revolution?

Causes: Texas wanted freedom from Santa Anna's oppression The Texans and Tejanos joined together Texas declared independence. Effects: Annexed by America Completely independent from Mexico

Epessarios

Contractors who recruited settlers and established colonies for the Mexican government.

Winfield Scott

He was a General during the border dispute. He helped capture Mexico.

Moses Austin

He was a tragedy.

William Travis

He was another commander with the Texans

Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna

He was elected leader of Mexico. Ran on platform of making Texas "Mexican". He was liked by the Mexicans but disliked by the empressarios which was going to cause conflict.

James K. Polk

He was the 11th president of the United States. 1845-1849.

Sam Houston

He was the leader of the Texans. Commander of the Alamo. He stayed and fought in the ALamo to buy Houston more time.

Manifest Destiny

It is the obvious destiny which is that America is going to take over North America. It is the belief that the country has a god-given right to North America.

Bear Flag Revolt

June 1846; Californias declare themselves independent of Mexico. The Mexicans were defeated. They were never formally recognized as a country.

Identify and explain the roles of Manifest Destiny in westward expansion.

Manifest Destiny brought this idea the North America had the god-given right to rule all of North America. This encouraged expansion in different parts of the area to conquer and control more land. It pushed people to move out west.

Identify reasons for growing tensions between the United States and Mexico.

Mexico and America both wanted Texas. This was prized land and was perfect for both countries. Mexico and America are also very close to each other, and Mexico can feel threatened because of Manifest Destiny.

Butterfield Trail

Mississippi River to New Mexico Territory; the stagecoach road. Shipped packages to the West-pony express carried mail-replaced the trains.

Mexican Cession

More than 500,000 square miles of land turned over to the United States by Mexico after the Mexican-American War

Mormon Trail

Mormons were well organized and traveled in groups. These groups were well disciplined and used to working together. Obstacles included: extreme temperature, violent storms, sickness, and death. There was a better survival rate on this trail than the Oregon Trail.

Republic of California

Name taken by California after American settlers declared it independent from Mexico.

Republic of Texas

Name taken by Texas after it won its independence from Mexico in 1836

What were some of the major effects of westward migration?

Native Americans were forced to leave their homes and relocate. This lead to dispute among the natives and Americans. Manifest Destiny was an effect and led Americans to truly believe they were supposed to rule all of America. It also led to land ownership and farming with freedom. This was an essential key to the republican project.

How did the Western frontier define American culture?

New religions were made. Mormonism was created and the believers moved to the West so they could preach what they wanted. The Western frontier also brought light to the dark, unexplored area of the country. Cowboys were founded, but only for a short period of time. This created more agriculture and new settlements. More technology was created.

What were the arguments for and against annexing Texas?

Pro Annexation: Free Will Manifest Destiny Anti-Annexation: Missouri Compromise Wilmont Proviso (any land that belonged to Mexico is non-slave land) Britain had good deals with them and not America Mexico

Define the purpose and be able to trace the paths of the 5 major westward trails?

Sante Fe Trail First trail Hard trail Independence MO to Santa Fe NM Mormon Trail Traveled in groups Used by Mormons to go and practice their religion Nauvoo IL to Salt Lake CIty UT Butterfield Trail Mississippi River to New Mexico Stagecoach road Fort Smith AR to Santa Fe NM California Trail Used by people to get gold Broke off Oregon trail to California Oregon Trail Stretched from Independece MO to Oregon Relocation trail

Stephen Keamy

Served in many frontier duties.

Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo

Signed 1848-US gains territory like the Mexican cession and Texas border was the Rio Grande. US pays Mexico $15 million (dropped $3 million in damages). Also the Gadsden Purchase clarifies border.

Oregon Trail

Stretched from Independence MO to Oregon (2,170). There were poor water sources, deserts, and 3 mountain ranges. This was a relocation trail and was a challenging journey where there were lots of death.

Tejanos

Texans of Mexican heritage

Mexican-American War

The "Texas Problem". Texas petitioned for annexation. (1846-1848) war fought between the United States and Mexico in which the U.S. gained more than 500,000 square miles of land in the United States.

The Alamo

The Alamo was a sacrifice, slow down the Mexicans and buy more time. "Remember the Alamo".

Trace the settlement patterns and conflicts that took place in Texas until Texas became a state.

The countries that had settled or controlled Texas were Mexico, Spain, U.S., CSOA, France, and Texas. Texas was part of Mexico, Texas represented Mexico's northeastern border. Land was full of Native Americans. Mexico needed the land occupied to protect it from "invaders". Texas wanted independence.. Texas revolution.

How did westward expansion spark debate in the United States?

The debate of annexing Texas caused debate. The North and South had different opinions on what the US should do. Still, the North and South had different beliefs and thoughts on different troubles and events going on in the nation.

How did westward expansion change America's relationships with other countries such as Britain and Mexico?

The expansion caused a rocky relationship between the countries. Mexico warned America that if they were to annex Texas, they would declare war. This provided tension between the two countries because they both wanted Texas. Britain had major trade connections with Texas, so they also did not want them to annex Texas because that would ruin the connection. Britain was also afraid the America was going to take over Quebec and other Britain land in North America.

Santa Fe Trail

There were many violent storms (dust, heat, hail, blizzards, and wind). There was also a lot of stampeding bison and there was a big threat of Indians.