Unit 9 & 10

Which of the following best exemplifies the use of multifactor authentication?

A Web site requires a user to enter a password as well as a numeric code received via text message before the user can log in to an account.

An individual receives an e-mail that appears to be from an insurance company. The message offers a low insurance rate, and prompts the recipient to click a link to learn more. Which of the following is most indicative that the e-mail is part of a phishing attempt?

After clicking the link, a Web page opens that prompts the recipient for personal information.

Which of the following applications is most likely to benefit from the use of crowdsourcing?

An application that allows users to convert measurement units (e.g., inches to centimeters, ounces to liters)

Which of the following activities is most likely to be successful as a citizen science project?

Collecting pictures of plants from around the world that can be analyzed to look for regional differences in plant growth.

A teacher sends students an anonymous survey in order to learn more about the students' work habits. The survey contains the following questions. On average, how long does homework take you each night (in minutes) ? On average, how long do you study for each test (in minutes) ? Do you enjoy the subject material of this class (yes or no) ? Which of the following questions about the students who responded to the survey can the teacher answer by analyzing the survey results? Do students who enjoy the subject material tend to spend more time on homework each night than the other students do? Do students who spend more time on homework each night tend to spend less time studying for tests than the other students do? Do students who spend more time studying for tests tend to earn higher grades in the class than the other students do?

I and II

A software development company has created an application called FileCleanUp. When the application is run on a user device, it searches for all files (including pictures, videos, and documents) that have not been accessed in the past month, stores them on the company's Web server, and deletes them from the user device. The application runs once each day. Users have the ability to manually retrieve files from the server if they are needed. Which of the following is most likely to be a harmful effect of using FileCleanUp?

It prevents users from accessing infrequently used files when there is no Internet connectivity.

The developers of a music-streaming application are updating the algorithm they use to recommend music to listeners. Which of the following strategies is LEAST likely to introduce bias into the application?

Making recommendations based on listening data gathered from a random sample of users of the application

A camera mounted on the dashboard of a car captures an image of the view from the driver's seat every second. Each image is stored as data. Along with each image, the camera also captures and stores the car's speed, the date and time, and the car's GPS location as metadata. Which of the following can best be determined using only the data and none of the metadata?

The number of bicycles the car passed on a particular day

A large spreadsheet contains the following information about the books at a bookstore. A sample portion of the spreadsheet is shown below A Book Title B Author C Genre D Number of Copies in Stock E Cost (in dollars) 1.Little Women-Louisa May Alcott-Fiction-3-13.95 2.The Secret Adversary-Agatha Christie-Mystery-2-12.95 3.A Study in Scarlet-Arthur Conan Doyle-Mystery-0-8.99 4.The Hound of the Baskervilles-Arthur Conan Doyle-Mystery-1-8.95 5.Les Misérables-Victor Hugo-Fiction-1-12.99 6.Frankenstein-Mary Shelley-Horror-2-11.95 An employee wants to count the number of books that meet all of the following criteria. Is a mystery book Costs less than $10.00 Has at least one copy in stock For a given row in the spreadsheet, suppose genre contains the genre as a string, num contains the number of copies in stock as a number, and cost contains the cost as a number. Which of the following expressions will evaluate to true if the book should be counted and evaluates to false otherwise?

(genre = "mystery") AND ((1 ≤ num) AND (cost < 10.00))

A database of information about shows at a concert venue contains the following information. Name of artist performing at the show Date of show Total dollar amount of all tickets sold Which of the following additional pieces of information would be most useful in determining the artist with the greatest attendance during a particular month?

Average ticket price

A student is creating a Web site that is intended to display information about a city based on a city name that a user enters in a text field. Which of the following are likely to be challenges associated with processing city names that users might provide as input? Select two answers.

Users might enter abbreviations for the names of cities. Users might misspell the name of the city.

A team of researchers wants to create a program to analyze the amount of pollution reported in roughly 3,000 counties across the United States. The program is intended to combine county data sets and then process the data. Which of the following is most likely to be a challenge in creating the program?

Different counties may organize data in different ways.

A mobile game tracks players' locations using GPS. The game offers special in-game items to players when they visit real-world points of interest. Which of the following best explains how bias could occur in the game?

Points of interest may be more densely located in cities, favoring players in urban areas over players in rural areas.

A researcher is analyzing data about students in a school district to determine whether there is a relationship between grade point average and number of absences. The researcher plans on compiling data from several sources to create a record for each student. The researcher has access to a database with the following information about each student. Last name First name Grade level (9, 10, 11, or 12) Grade point average (on a 0.0 to 4.0 scale) The researcher also has access to another database with the following information about each student. First name Last name Number of absences from school Number of late arrivals to school Upon compiling the data, the researcher identifies a problem due to the fact that neither data source uses a unique ID number for each student. Which of the following best describes the problem caused by the lack of unique ID numbers?

Students who have the same name may be confused with each other.

A software company is designing a mobile game system that should be able to recognize the faces of people who are playing the game and automatically load their profiles. Which of the following actions is most likely to reduce the possibility of bias in the system?

Testing the system with people of different ages, genders, and ethnicities

MeeReader is an e-reading application that allows users to download and read books and articles on a device. Each user creates a profile with the following personal preferences. Screen brightness and contrast Choice of typeface and font size Amount of spacing between lines of text Activation of a text-to-speech feature that reads the text out loud When the user launches the application, the application scans the user's face and uses facial recognition software to determine the user's identity. Once the user has been identified, the user's personal preferences are applied to whatever book or article the user chooses to read. The application stores all user information in a database, including personal preferences and a record of previously read books and articles. From the perspective of the application's developers, which of the following is most likely to be a benefit of storing all user data in a database?

The developers can analyze the data to make improvements to the application based on user behavior.

A user unintentionally installs keylogging software on a computer. Which of the following is an example of how the keylogging software can be used by an unauthorized individual to gain access to computing resources?

The software records all user input on the computer. The recorded information is transmitted to an unauthorized individual, who analyzes it to determine the user's login passwords.

The owner of a clothing store records the following information for each transaction made at the store during a 7-day period. The date of the transaction The method of payment used in the transaction The number of items purchased in the transaction The total amount of the transaction, in dollars Customers can pay for purchases using cash, check, a debit card, or a credit card. Using only the data collected during the 7-day period, which of the following statements is true?

The total number of items purchased on a given date can be determined by searching the data for all transactions that occurred on the given date and then adding the number of items purchased for each matching transaction.

A city's police department has installed cameras throughout city streets. The cameras capture and store license plate data from cars driven and parked throughout the city. The authorities use recorded license plate data to identify stolen cars and to enforce parking regulations. Which of the following best describes a privacy risk that could occur if this method of data collection is misused?

The vehicle location data could be used to monitor the movements of city residents.

A mobile application is used to display local traffic conditions. Which of the following features of the application best exemplifies the use of crowdsourcing?

Users can submit updates on local traffic conditions in real time.

StreamPal is an audio-streaming application for mobile devices that allows users to listen to streaming music and connect with other users who have similar taste in music. After downloading the application, each user creates a username, personal profile, and contact list of friends who also use the application. The application uses the device's GPS unit to track a user's location. Each time a user listens to a song, the user can give it a rating from 0 to 5 stars. The user can access the following features for each song that the user has rated. A list of users on the contact list who have given the song the same rating, with links to those users' profiles A map showing all other users in the area who have given the song the same rating, with links to those users' profiles A basic StreamPal account is free, but it displays advertisements that are based on data collected by the application. For example, if a user listens to a particular artist, the application may display an advertisement for concert tickets the next time the artist comes to the user's city. Users have the ability to pay a monthly fee for a premium account, which removes advertisements from the application. Which of the following is most likely to be a data privacy concern for StreamPal users?

Users of the application may have the ability to determine information about the locations of users that are not on their contact list.

StreamPal is an audio-streaming application for mobile devices that allows users to listen to streaming music and connect with other users who have similar taste in music. After downloading the application, each user creates a username, personal profile, and contact list of friends who also use the application. The application uses the device's GPS unit to track a user's location. Each time a user listens to a song, the user can give it a rating from 0 to 5 stars. The user can access the following features for each song that the user has rated. A list of users on the contact list who have given the song the same rating, with links to those users' profiles A map showing all other users in the area who have given the song the same rating, with links to those users' profiles A basic StreamPal account is free, but it displays advertisements that are based on data collected by the application. For example, if a user listens to a particular artist, the application may display an advertisement for concert tickets the next time the artist comes to the user's city. Users have the ability to pay a monthly fee for a premium account, which removes advertisements from the application. Which of the following statements is most likely true about the differences between the basic version and the premium version of StreamPal?

Users of the basic version of StreamPal indirectly support StreamPal by allowing themselves to receive advertisements.

MeeReader is an e-reading application that allows users to download and read books and articles on a device. Each user creates a profile with the following personal preferences. Screen brightness and contrast Choice of typeface and font size Amount of spacing between lines of text Activation of a text-to-speech feature that reads the text out loud When the user launches the application, the application scans the user's face and uses facial recognition software to determine the user's identity. Once the user has been identified, the user's personal preferences are applied to whatever book or article the user chooses to read. The application stores all user information in a database, including personal preferences and a record of previously read books and articles. Which of the following is most likely to be a beneficial effect of using MeeReader?

Users with visual impairments may be able to more easily read or listen to books and articles.