Unit review
Noted scientist Dr. Elsa Birde described the effect of adding a mixture of dried apples and raisins to the previous feed of sunflower seeds, millet, thistle seed, and cracked corn in bird feeders in her yard. Over three years, Dr. Birde observed that the new mixture increased the number of songbirds at her feeders, especially during the months of April and May. As she has done for several years, Dr. Birde recorded, at the same time each day, the number of birds at each of her four feeders. She noted that the third year using the mixture coincided with the largest increase. There was a twenty-five percent increase in the number of songbirds over times when this mixture was not used. Dr. Birde also noted that in the third year she used a specific ratio of the ingredients, carefully measuring, which she had not done in previous years. The third year also had a warmer than normal spring, and a construction project began in a neighborhood near Dr. Birde's. Dr. Birde is now going to produce this formula for sale and advertise to customers that they may see the same twenty-five percent increase in songbirds at their feeders. Dr. E. Birde, Journal of Scientific Bird Feeding Which scientific claim can be made? Songbird numbers will increase due to the effects of climate change increasing global temperatures. Songbirds appear more often in April and May. A combined ratio is the main reason songbird numbers increased. A study by Dr. Birde showed that the number of songbirds in her yard increased due to a modified food source.
A study by Dr. Birde showed that the number of songbirds in her yard increased due to a modified food source.
Which statement best explains the relationship between science and technology? Advances in technology lead to advances in science, which lead to advances in technology. New technology must be developed before new scientific discoveries can be made. New discoveries in science must be made before new technologies can be developed. New developments in technology are followed by a period of scientific discovery.
Advances in technology lead to advances in science, which lead to advances in technology.
Which scientist is known for contributions to a scientific discipline that is different from that of the other three scientists? Archimedes Galen Harvey Vesalius
Archimedes
Who developed the earliest system for the classification of animals? Mendel Darwin Aristotle Linnaeus
Aristotle
The use of logic, making empirical observations, and performing dissections were all part of the scientific studies by Thales. Aristotle. Ptolemy. Socrates.
Aristotle.
Which best describes the role of communication in scientific investigations? Communication can help identify good scientific questions to further investigate. Communication is not necessary once the data are collected because the scienctists can do the data analysis themselves. Communication should not be used in planning the experimental design because the scientists want to have original ideas. Communication is important because the scientists need to convince other researchers not to challenge their results.
Communication can help identify good scientific questions to further investigate.
Which scientist was a great influence to others when he developed the heliocentric model about how the planets orbited the Sun? Copernicus Galileo Newton Ptolemy
Copernicus
Cornell University recently conducted a study that estimated that honeybees pollinate more than $14 billion worth of crops, nuts, seeds, fruits, and vegetables each year. The study suggested that nearly seventy-five percent of all global crops that are grown for food, fiber, beverages, condiments, spices, and medicines are pollinated. Produced with the help of pollinators, agricultural products including legumes, vegetables, fruits, berries, nuts, herbs, spices, oils, seeds, grains, clover, and cotton make a significant contribution to the economy. As the human population increases, so does the demand for pollination; sadly, the honeybee population is decreasing. Within the past thirty years, parasites, predators, and disease have weakened both feral and managed populations of honeybees. In fact, around the globe, honeybees are being decimated by an epidemic known as colony collapse disorder (CCD). According to this article, who collected information to research the honeybees? Centers for Disease Control (CDC) global farmers Cornell University food manufacturers
Cornell University
Ideas about the components of cells have been affected by new technologies. Which technology enabled researchers to understand the basis of the other three? amino-acid sequencing blood typing DNA sequencing paternity testing
DNA sequencing
Tran made the timeline below to show the order in which great scientific theories were developed. theory of gravity à cell theory à ? à theory of continental drift Which theory belongs in place of the question mark in Tran's timeline? Aristotle's atomic theory Einstein's theory of relativity Copernicus's heliocentric theory Darwin's theory of natural selection
Darwin's theory of natural selection
A scientist performed an experiment to test her hypothesis that a disease in horses was caused by a deficiency in an important mineral. The results did not support her hypothesis. However, some of her data showed an important change in one hormone. The scientist knew that the hormone was related to a different mineral, so she formed a new hypothesis. What is the most logical step for the scientist to take next? Design an experiment to test the new hypothesis. Pose a new question to be answered. Replace the old hypothesis with the new hypothesis. Draw new conclusions to fit the new hypothesis.
Design an experiment to test the new hypothesis.
What is one way that early scientific practice differed from modern scientific practice? Early hypotheses were not based on observations. Early hypotheses were not tested by experimentation. Early hypotheses were formed from scientific questions. Early hypotheses were influenced by creative thinking.
Early hypotheses were not tested by experimentation.
Many ancient societies had some form of science. However, modern science originated in an ancient Asian civilization. Greek civilization. Egyptian civilization. American civilization.
Greek civilization.
How did Alexander Fleming's research solve a societal problem? He developed ways to treat inherited diseases. He advocated for regular hand washing to kill germs. He discovered a new type of medicine that could treat infections. He discovered the cause of mad cow disease, an emerging disease.
He discovered a new type of medicine that could treat infections.
Who is known as "the father of medicine"? Galen Harvey Vesalius Hippocrates
Hippocrates
How can irradiation solve a societal problem? It can improve medicines. It can treat inherited diseases. It can protect the environment. It can prevent food-borne diseases.
It can prevent food-borne diseases.
Which statement describes a problem with the peer review process in scientific research? It can sometimes reject important new ideas or novel techniques. It forces new scientists to meet the same standards that established scientists meet. It always requires scientists to have to reanalyze their data. It often makes it more difficult to justify a conclusion.
It can sometimes reject important new ideas or novel techniques.
The Global Youth Tobacco Survey asks youth to fill in the answers to several questions about their tobacco use. In this survey conducted between 2000 and 2007, it was found that in youth ages 13-15, 12 percent of boys and 7 percent of girls reported smoking cigarettes. This information was shared and reported on the American Cancer Society website. The information was then used by several industries in the fields of health care, insurance, and education. What is a reason that these data may be unreliable? It is information that is too new to be considered factual. It was found on the American Cancer Society website, and websites are unreliable. It is information that is used for a variety of purposes and not just gathered for research. It is from a self-reporting survey, and teens may not want to answer the questions honestly.
It is from a self-reporting survey, and teens may not want to answer the questions honestly.
Shawna is very knowledgeable about cars. She subscribes to several different automobile magazines, has interviewed people who work on cars for a living, and has researched many types of cars. She started a blog with the information she has gathered. On her blog, she offers opinions about which cars are the best value for the money and which are the most difficult to repair. Which best describes the reliability of her work? It is unreliable because it is on the Internet. It is unreliable because it offers opinions, not scientific facts. It is reliable because she gathered information from many sources. It is reliable because it has information about all types of cars, not just her favorites.
It is unreliable because it offers opinions, not scientific facts.
Acupuncture is an alternative medicine that uses wire-thin needles inserted by a trained practitioner into specific points in the body. This ancient form of pain relief and stimulation is said to benefit patients by blocking channels which practitioners claim allow pain to travel within the body. This practice became more widely recognized and used after a New York Times reporter wrote in 1971 of a positive experience with it after surgery. Those who doubt the effectiveness of this treatment for pain attribute the pain relief to a placebo effect: if a patient believes something will reduce their pain, they will experience some relief. The National Institutes of Health says that acupuncture relieves pain and reduces nausea and vomiting, although it is unclear how it works. The few adverse effects reported are due to improperly sterilized needles or improper delivery, making this still a fairly low risk option. For anyone considering acupuncture, they should first research its effectiveness for their specific condition. Summary of statements published by the National Institutes of Health After reading the passage about acupuncture, identify which scientific claim explains why some people say acupuncture does not truly relieve pain. It blocks pain channels. It is unclear how it works. It provides only a placebo effect. It is ancient medicine, not modern medicine.
It provides only a placebo effect.
Data must be considered valid for scientists to trust conclusions. Which is the best way to increase the validity of data in an experiment? Get many scientists' opinions of the data. Measure data in SI units. Carry out two or fewer trials. Record only the most significant observations.
Measure data in SI units.
Darwin's work on the theory of evolution occurred at about the same time that Harvey noticed the continuous circulation of the blood. Linnaeus developed binomial nomenclature. Mendel developed his laws of heredity. Copernicus suggested that the earth orbits the Sun.
Mendel developed his laws of heredity.
Which hypothesis is testable? Plants that are grown by using brand A fertilizer taste best. Plants that have flowers look prettier than plants that do not have flowers. Plants will eventually die off if global warming trends continue. Plants make more sugar on sunny days than on cloudy days.
Plants make more sugar on sunny days than on cloudy days.
Which statement best relates science and societal problems? Societal problems are the result of science. Any societal problem can be solved by using science. A scientific solution to a societal problem does not result in further problems. Science can be used to address societal problems, but it is not always successful.
Science can be used to address societal problems, but it is not always successful.
Which statement describes the most common ways in which students and professional scientists communicate the results of their scientific research? Students communicate results in oral reports to the class, and professional scientists communicate results in written reports. Students communicate results in scientific journals, and professional scientists communicate results in laboratory reports. Students communicate results in laboratory reports, and professional scientists communicate results in scientific journals. Students communicate results through secondary sources, and professional scientists communicate results through primary sources.
Students communicate results in laboratory reports, and professional scientists communicate results in scientific journals.
Which statement about technology is true? Technology improves a scientist's ability to make observations. Technology does not have any effect on a scientist's work. Technology is necessary for scientists to perform experiments. Technology only helps scientists analyze data and write reports.
Technology improves a scientist's ability to make observations.
A lightweight material is being tested for effectiveness in blocking ultraviolet (UV) rays from the sun that cause skin to burn and possibly develop skin cancer. Which method would be most helpful for testing this material? Use specialized equipment to measure how much UV light passes through stacks of one, five, or 20 layers of the material. Test the material in controlled natural settings by using natural UV light, and measure the UV light that passes through. Write a survey that asks people on beaches about their preferences for sunscreen and protective materials. Test the material in a lab setting by using humans and a variety of UV light sources, and develop a scale to measure the damage that is caused to human skin.
Test the material in controlled natural settings by using natural UV light, and measure the UV light that passes through.
Acupuncture is an alternative medicine that uses wire-thin needles inserted by a trained practitioner into specific points in the body. This ancient form of pain relief and stimulation is said to benefit patients by blocking channels which practitioners claim allow pain to travel within the body. This practice became more widely recognized and used after a New York Times reporter wrote in 1971 of a positive experience with it after surgery. Those who doubt the effectiveness of this treatment for pain attribute the pain relief to a placebo effect: if a patient believes something will reduce their pain, they will experience some relief. The National Institutes of Health says that acupuncture relieves pain and reduces nausea and vomiting, although it is unclear how it works. The few adverse effects reported are due to improperly sterilized needles or improper delivery, making this still a fairly low risk option. For anyone considering acupuncture, they should first research its effectiveness for their specific condition. Summary of statements published by the National Institutes of Health After reading the passage about acupuncture, identify which statement supports the claim that acupuncture relieves pain. It is ancient, alternative medicine that has been used for thousands of years. If you do research, you can find the specific types of pain that acupuncture will effectively relieve. A New York Times reporter wrote about the effectiveness of this treatment in relieving his surgery pain. The National Institutes of Health found it effective in reducing pain and other symptoms, but it is not clear how it works.
The National Institutes of Health found it effective in reducing pain and other symptoms, but it is not clear how it works.
A medical researcher experimented with the effects of calcium intake on the healing time of broken bones. People who had similar broken bone injuries were divided randomly into two groups, one of which received a calcium supplement and one of which received a placebo. The data showed that there was no significant difference in healing times between the two groups, so the researcher concluded that calcium intake has no effect on bone healing time. Why is the conclusion of the researcher not justified? The researcher did not use a control group. The bone injuries in different people cannot be compared. The overall calcium intake of the two groups was not considered. The data can only give a statistical probability, so no conclusion can be made.
The overall calcium intake of the two groups was not considered.
Which statement best describes a valid scientific claim? The results of the experiment can be replicated by using any method of experimentation. The results that support the claim are replicable by other scientists who follow the same procedures. The claim is jointly issued from both a major university and an established government agency. The claim is supported by at least ten scientists in addition to the original researcher.
The results that support the claim are replicable by other scientists who follow the same procedures.
A wildlife researcher weighed all the raccoons that were trapped in suburban neighborhoods before they were released back into the wild. The researcher used this data to conclude that the raccoons in the state were getting heavier. What error did the researcher make? The sample is biased because it only weighed raccoons that were trapped in suburban neighborhoods. The researcher should not have released the raccoons back into the wild. The sample is biased because the averages of the weights were not calculated. The researcher should have weighed other animals besides raccoons.
The sample is biased because it only weighed raccoons that were trapped in suburban neighborhoods.
The student performed an experiment to test his hypothesis about sunlight and plant height using two plants. He kept everything the same between two tomato plants except he exposed them to different amounts of sunlight. He also used a third plant as a control group, or a group in which no variables are manipulated to confirm the results. Roberto critiqued the work. Which problem did Roberto most likely identify? The sample size is too small. Too many variables are manipulated. It is not possible to keep the conditions the same. Controls should only be used in studies of animals.
The sample size is too small.
A scientist designed and conducted an experiment based on a hypothesis, and then formed a conclusion from her results. Next, she collected and analyzed more data and formed another conclusion. Which statement best justifies the fact that she skipped the hypothesis and experimental design steps of the scientific method? The scientist must have realized that she performed one of the steps incorrectly. The scientist was unhappy with the first data set and started the experiment over. The scientist was repeating the experiment to improve the validity of her data. The scientist was planning to form a hypothesis after completing the experiment.
The scientist was repeating the experiment to improve the validity of her data.
Why do new scientific discoveries or technological developments often lead to new career opportunities? They can lead to new branches of science and technology. They require special government agencies to regulate their use. They are specifically developed to create new career opportunities. They cause older branches of science to become obsolete.
They can lead to new branches of science and technology.
Hantavirus is a relatively rare emerging infectious disease that is spread in the feces and urine of rodents, such as deer mice. It does not spread between people and causes flu-like symptoms. How would scientists most likely recommend that the disease be controlled? They would encourage people to avoid people infected with hantavirus. They would offer ways to control rodent populations. They would urge infected people to take antibiotics. They would endorse not owning a barn or garage, where rodents can live.
They would offer ways to control rodent populations.
Acupuncture is an alternative medicine that uses wire-thin needles inserted by a trained practitioner into specific points in the body. This ancient form of pain relief and stimulation is said to benefit patients by blocking channels which practitioners claim allow pain to travel within the body. This practice became more widely recognized and used after a New York Times reporter wrote in 1971 of a positive experience with it after surgery. Those who doubt the effectiveness of this treatment for pain attribute the pain relief to a placebo effect: if a patient believes something will reduce their pain, they will experience some relief. The National Institutes of Health says that acupuncture relieves pain and reduces nausea and vomiting, although it is unclear how it works. The few adverse effects reported are due to improperly sterilized needles or improper delivery, making this still a fairly low risk option. For anyone considering acupuncture, they should first research its effectiveness for their specific condition. Summary of statements published by the National Institutes of Health Which statement best explains the scientific claim about how acupuncture treatment reduces pain? A. Acupuncture is an alternative medicine that uses wire-thin needles inserted by a trained practitioner into specific points in the body. B. Those who doubt the effectiveness of this treatment for pain attribute the pain relief to a placebo effect: if a patient believes something will reduce their pain, they will experience some relief. C. This ancient form of pain relief and stimulation is said to benefit patients by blocking channels which practitioners claim allow pain to travel within the body. D.For anyone considering acupuncture treatment, they should first research its effectiveness for their specific condition.
This ancient form of pain relief and stimulation is said to benefit patients by blocking channels which practitioners claim allow pain to travel within the body.
According to a recent encyclopedia entry about dog breeds, Labrador retrievers come in two specific breeds: English and American. The article cites six studies from several scientific journals about dog breeding showing that males of both breeds usually average 29-41 kg (65-90 lb) in weight, and females usually average 25-32 kg (55-70 lb) in weight. Anna's female Labrador retriever weighs 38 kg (83 lb). What does Anna's dog's weight indicate about the reliability of this source? This is still a reliable source because it clearly cites scientific research. This is still a reliable source because it is a printed book, not the Internet. This is no longer a reliable source because Anna disproved the studies. This is no longer a reliable source because Anna's dog's weight is in the range for males.
This is still a reliable source because it clearly cites scientific research.
During the Middle Ages, which civilization made the fewest recognized scientific discoveries compared to the others? China India Islamic regions Western Europe
Western Europe
Which scientist formed his ideas about living things by performing observations without using a microscope? Hooke Malpighi van Leeuwenhoek Vesalius
Vesalius
A student is conducting an experiment to determine how cold temperatures affect the growth of tadpoles in a tank of water. Which instrument would give the most accurate measurement of water temperature? a calibrated bulb thermometer that has a readout from -15°C to 25°C a calibrated digital thermometer that has a readout from 50°C to 250°C an uncalibrated bulb thermometer that has a readout from 0°C to 100°C an uncalibrated digital thermometer that has a readout from -10°C to 100°C
a calibrated bulb thermometer that has a readout from -15°C to 25°C
In a recent survey of students who graduated from a large public high school, nine out of ten students reported that they passed biology with a grade of seventy-five percent or higher. What further data could be produced to be sure that this information is accurate? a review of the students' school transcripts a survey of students from nearby high schools a consult with the students' parents an interview of students from the previous graduating class
a review of the students' school transcripts
A television program that presents the most recent developments in cancer research would be considered a primary source. a secondary source. an original source. an unbiased source.
a secondary source.
Which source is the most reliable? a report published on Wikipedia an article evaluated by other scientists a blog about plant growth an advertisement about weight loss
an article evaluated by other scientists
Biology and geology are two very different sciences, but biologists and geologists use scientific knowledge in the same way. These scientists both use scientific knowledge to answer questions and solve problems affecting the natural world. investigate the chemical composition of the Earth's different layers. observe and classify living organisms into groups. explain the rituals and traditions of human cultures.
answer questions and solve problems affecting the natural world.
Which could result from a person who does not finish the prescribed amount of antibiotics for an infection? health-code violations food-borne illnesses antibiotic-resistant bacteria faster-acting antibiotics
antibiotic-resistant bacteria
Scientists must be able to repeat an experiment and get very similar results; otherwise their conclusions will be questioned. If the results of a repeated experiment are different from the original results, the results of the experiment lack bias . are precise. lack controls. are flawed.
are flawed.
One way to get consistent, valid data is to be sure that instruments are calibrated properly. use simple instruments to make measurements. select the best data to place into data tables. make the measurements as quickly as possible.
be sure that instruments are calibrated properly.
Biologists use the system of binomial nomenclature developed by Linnaeus to assign scientific names to known living organisms. Which area of society was strengthened by Linnaeus's contribution to science? communication production government policies job creation
communication
Scientists are concerned about the invasion of pythons in the Florida Everglades. Pythons are from Asia and are not native to the Everglades. They eat eggs and birds, many of which are endangered. The snakes were introduced to the Everglades when people released into the wild pet snakes that had grown too large. Very few animals in the Everglades prey on the snakes. How will scientists be most effective at controlling this invasive species? by collecting and removing the snakes from the Everglades by releasing predators from Asia to control the snake population by telling people to stop releasing snakes and waiting until the other snakes die out by removing the species of birds that the snakes eat so the snakes do not have any more food
by collecting and removing the snakes from the Everglades
Which part of a scientific argument must be supported by valid data? claim evidence reasoning theory
claim
When you talk together in a group during a laboratory exercise, you are engaging in public scientific communication. classroom scientific communication. professional scientific communication. private scientific communication.
classroom scientific communication.
Calibration of a measuring instrument is the process of breaking in the instrument when it is new. the process of putting oil in all the moving parts of the instrument. comparing and adjusting the instrument's measurement to get the data that you expect during your experiment. comparing and adjusting the instrument's measurement to match a known quantity or another correctly functioning instrument's measurement.
comparing and adjusting the instrument's measurement to match a known quantity or another correctly functioning instrument's measurement.
Which is an example of scientific evidence that can be used to critique a new scientific argument? data that were collected from related historical experiments data that have been analyzed to remove an outlier data that incorporate the opinions of leading scientists data that were collected from a single successful experiment
data that have been analyzed to remove an outlier
A scientist who conducted an experiment obtained an unexpected result. What will she most likely do with the unexpected result? leave it out of her analysis and final report stop the experiment and begin again change the procedures and try again develop a new question to be investigated
develop a new question to be investigated
Which is a societal problem that science can best help solve? bullying in schools diabetes in children domestic violence rainfall patterns
diabetes in children
Of the procedures to analyze data listed, which one is most likely to result in an inaccurate prediction? averaging extrapolation graphing observation
extrapolation
Cherie made a timeline of important developments relating to the science of heredity. Mendel's laws à cell theory à DNA structure à ? Which development belongs at the end of Cherie's timeline? quantum physics genetic engineering anatomy identification binomial nomenclature
genetic engineering
Which branch of science was newly developed after the discoveries about DNA? genetic engineering plant breeding animal breeding nuclear engineering
genetic engineering
Gregor Mendel is referred to as the father of which classical science? genetics bioethics botany horticulture
genetics
Which scientific discipline is correctly matched to a contribution to society? biology; theory of relativity geology; theory of continental drift ecology; discovering new elements astronomy; developing quantum mechanics
geology; theory of continental drift
A dam is used to retain water. Retaining water can also lead to flooding. Which most likely would be a new societal issue resulting from the installation of a dam? antibiotic resistance habitat destruction greater exposure to radiation increase in biodiversity
habitat destruction
Dawn recorded her measurement of the mass of a sample of leaves as 13 grams (g). Four of her classmates measured the same sample and recorded the following data: 30 g, 31 g, 29 g, and 30 g. All students used the same balance during the same class period. Dawn's data are most likely inconsistent due to human error. biased procedures. broken instruments. accurate measurement.
human error.
Some studies has shown that peppermint odor increases people's mental sharpness, especially when they solve math problems. Which best describes how this could be a valid scientific claim? if it is tested in a controlled setting with repeated results if the test is published on Wikipedia if the scientist was previously peer reviewed if the math problems are easy problems
if it is tested in a controlled setting with repeated results
Some studies has shown that peppermint odor increases people's mental sharpness, especially when they solve math problems. Which best describes how this could be a valid scientific claim? if it is tested in a controlled setting with repeated results if the test is published on Wikipedia if the scientist was previously peer reviewed if the math problems are easy problems
if it is tested in a controlled setting with repeated results
Which is the best description of a change in society that has resulted from advances in understanding the causes of diseases? an increased number of hospitals improved methods of sanitation improved use of microscopes increased wages for healthcare workers
improved methods of sanitation
A scientific argument will be considered invalid if the evidence supporting that argument is based on inconsistent data. independent data. unlimited results. controlled results.
inconsistent data.
Poor measurement practices are likely to lead to data that are calibrated. inconsistent. minimal. scientific.
inconsistent.
In response to scientific understanding about food-borne disease, what have scientists and health officials recommended be used to keep people safe without affecting the taste or nutrient content of foods such as lettuce and other vegetables? antibiotics hand washing irradiation pasteurization
irradiation
A student conducted an experiment that used two rose plants to determine if a liquid formula for fertilizer was better than a dry formula. He tested each fertilizer on a single plant for one month, and he concluded that the liquid formula was better. When he described his conclusion to his teacher, she told him he needed to conduct additional trials. The teacher most likely asked for additional trials because she did not believe the new formula helped plants grow better than the old formula. it was necessary to see data from more plants before the conclusion could be accepted. it was necessary to have tested the fertilizer on different kinds of plants. she thought he should test additional fertilizer formulas on the same two plants.
it was necessary to see data from more plants before the conclusion could be accepted.
Typical methods of classroom scientific communication include scientific journal articles, oral presentations, and Internet collaboration. lectures, lab reports, term papers, and poster presentations. scientific journal articles, professional organizations, and conferences. lectures, conferences, term papers, and technical journals.
lectures, lab reports, term papers, and poster presentations.
Societal regulations and laws may be developed or changed in response to scientific findings. Which type of scientific research has resulted in the passing of many laws? exploring the deepest parts of the ocean searching for extraterrestrial life using binomial nomenclature to name new organisms modeling the effects of climate change on ecosystems
modeling the effects of climate change on ecosystems
Juan is planning an investigation about natural reserves. Which of these is most likely to be a reliable source of scientific information on the Internet? nationalnaturalreserves.com nationalnaturalreserves.net nationalnaturalreserves.gov nationalnaturalreserves.info
nationalnaturalreserves.gov
The process through which professional scientists evaluate the quality of each others' research is called group counsel. group review. peer counsel. peer review.
peer review.
Yannick's class measured the width of one leaf several times. The values that the class recorded included 10 mm, 8 mm, 15 mm, 5 mm, and 13 mm. What is lacking from the measurements that the class made? calibration precision repetition validation
precision
Two scientists are cutting samples of leaves for analysis. One scientist always clips a sample from the base of the leaf near the stem, and the other scientist always clips a sample from the tip of the leaf. This illustrates a procedural error. calibration error. measurement error. unit error.
procedural error.
Which societal problem can be solved, in part, by scientists identifying areas of high biodiversity? reducing the amount of pollution finding affordable housing protecting the environment providing access to clean water
protecting the environment
One way that scientists ensure that data is reliable is through data display. replicating experiments. Internet research. clear explanation.
replicating experiments.
To critique scientific arguments and increase the validity of scientific evidence, scientists replace the data and conclusions from experiments that fail. design new experiments to prove other scientists are wrong. repeat their tests until they get the desired results. review the experiments and conclusions of other scientists.
review the experiments and conclusions of other scientists.
Which factor is found in a scientific claim? endorsement by famous scientists data collection from only one facility similar results in multiple tests of the claim identical data across all tests of the claim
similar results in multiple tests of the claim
Which factor is found in a scientific claim? endorsement by famous scientists data collection from only one facility similar results in multiple tests of the claim identical data across all tests of the claim
similar results in multiple tests of the claim
Which kind of information is known about a person if that person's DNA is in a database? how old the person is where the person was probably born some diseases the person might have whether the person is likely to commit a crime
some diseases the person might have
The scientific evidence that scientists use in supporting or critiquing the conclusions of experiments usually consists of raw data. outlier data. precise data. summarized data.
summarized data.
In 1970, Hamilton Smith isolated the first restriction enzyme. Restriction enzymes are used to cut strands of DNA at specific points. This discovery led to the development of recombinant DNA, which is widely used in several scientific industries to produce proteins and hormones more cheaply and in much larger quantities than earlier methods. The change in scientific knowledge caused by Smith's discovery most directly affected which sector of society? technology commerce government education
technology
Many kinds of data can be gathered in the study of ocean water. Predictions are based on accurate and precise scientific data. Which of these sets of data will yield the most precise data? temperature readings that have a range of 2°C depth readings that have a range of 4 km salinity readings that have a range of 20% density readings that have a range of 40 kg/L
temperature readings that have a range of 2°C
Noted scientist Dr. Elsa Birde described the effect of adding a mixture of dried apples and raisins to the previous feed of sunflower seeds, millet, thistle seed, and cracked corn in bird feeders in her yard. Over three years, Dr. Birde observed that the new mixture increased the number of songbirds at her feeders, especially during the months of April and May. As she has done for several years, Dr. Birde recorded, at the same time each day, the number of birds at each of her four feeders. She noted that the third year using the mixture coincided with the largest increase. There was a twenty-five percent increase in the number of songbirds over times when this mixture was not used. Dr. Birde also noted that in the third year she used a specific ratio of the ingredients, carefully measuring, which she had not done in previous years. The third year also had a warmer than normal spring, and a construction project began in a neighborhood near Dr. Birde's. Dr. Birde is now going to produce this formula for sale and advertise to customers that they may see the same twenty-five percent increase in songbirds at their feeders. Dr. E. Birde, Journal of Scientific Bird Feeding Which might be a cause for the increase in songbirds at the feeders? the time of day that the birds were counted at the feeders the addition of dried apples and raisins to the formula the temperature changes each year the increased number of bird feeders
the addition of dried apples and raisins to the formula
There is little sunlight at high latitudes during the winter, so few crops can grow even if temperatures are regulated. To address this problem, special lamps can be used in greenhouses.These lamps allow plants to grow during the winter months. Scientific knowledge of which topic was necessary to solve this problem? the temperature that promotes the fastest growth in plants the colors of light that plants require for photosynthesis the frequencies of light that cause the least water loss in growing plants the wavelengths of green light that can be used for photosynthesis
the colors of light that plants require for photosynthesis
Which is an example of science playing a role in developing technology? the use of an electric spark to produce amino acids from gases that are present in Earth's early atmosphere the discovery that Penicillium mold produces a substance that prevents bacterial growth the improvement in lens-grinding technology, which led to the discovery of cells in cork the discovery that microwaves can pop corn, which led to the creation of microwave ovens
the discovery that microwaves can pop corn, which led to the creation of microwave ovens
Why do scientists try to repeat other scientists' experiments? to test if the instruments in their labs are working properly to practice following the procedures to try to improve the first scientist's work to see if the original results are reproducible
to see if the original results are reproducible
Genes help determine a person's traits or characteristics. Scientific investigations into genes have helped scientists solve major societal issues. Which issue would most likely benefit from these investigations? treating inherited diseases improving nutrition preventing food-borne illness accessing clean drinking water
treating inherited diseases
Scientific evidence is most likely to be consistent if it is based on data from random samples. uncontrolled experiments. biased experimental designs. small data samples.
uncontrolled experiments
Which statement describes a common measurement error? a flaw in the design of an experiment using inconsistent methods for collecting data using instruments that have not been calibrated selecting experimental subjects in a way that is biased
using instruments that have not been calibrated