Unit test 2 Psychology
What is the proposed avarage capacity of the short term memory?
7+/-2
Which of the following is an umbrella term (highest category term) for all the other answer options?
Affective states
When you travel to a foreign country and you see a type of shower that you have never seen before, you tend to use your schema, which is based on past experience, to figure out how to use it. But when this fails, you go to the reception and someone comes up to show you how to use this new type of shower. Once you have seen how to use this new type of shower, you add it to your shower schema. What do psychologists call this process?
Assimilation
The ease with which something comes to mind can be used as a cue for how likely something is. This is called?
Availability heuristic
A board game store allows you to buy a board game and return it after two weeks and get your money back if you do not like it. The majority of people do not bring it back even if they are not entirely pleased with it. Which of the following could best explain such an effect?
Endowment effect
What part of declarative memory stores an "autobiographical" record of personal experiences?
Episodic memory
The results of the study by Ariely and Loweenstein (sexual arousal) support what kind of effect?
Hot-cold Empathy gap
The fact that people might prefer a less lucrative reward right here and now over a more lucrative reward in the future could be best explained by what kind of psychological construct?
Hyperbolic temporal discounting
Where would a memory of how to ride a bike be stored?
Implicit memory
Which of the following is not a characteristic of System 1 thinking?
Is able to transfer information from one situation to another
Which of the following is not a limitation of the Multi-Store Memory model?
It is not supported by biological evidence
Which of the following is not a characteristic of System 2 thinking?
It is the basis for most of our day-to-day decision-making.
The Glanzer and Kunitz study (army enlisted men memorizing one syllable words) found the recency and primacy effects were present. The primacy effect shows support for what aspect of memory?
Long term memory
In the study by Tversky & Kahneman (Asian disease), the participants chose different options depending on how the information was presented. Mainly participants chose the certain option when information was phrased describing the people being saved, and the riskier option when phrased describing people dying. This is best explained by what psychological construct?
Loss aversion
The case study of HM studied the localization of memory and made use of which brain imaging technique?
MRI
In the study by Barlett (war of ghosts), which of the following corresponds to assimilation?
Making the story more consistent with your own schema
Shemas are mainly applied to what kind of cognitive process?
Memory
Which of the following is not a conclusion that we can draw from the HM study?
Memory is stored in the hippocampus.
Which is not true about the anchoring heuristic?
Only non-experts are affected by the heuristic
The gambler's fallacy is an example of a cognitive illusion stemming from the use of the ______ heuristic.
Representativeness
What psychological concept could explain the effect of a leading question found in the Loftus and Palmer study (car crash)?
Schema
Which of the following is not true about schema?
Schema are observable by using modern brain scanning technology
According to Atkinson and Shiffrin (multi-store memory model), the first step in placing information into memory storage is
Sensory memory
Knowing who is the president of USA, but not remembering where you found out this fact is best explained by a phenomenon called...
Source amnesia
What term refers to the origins of a memory being misremembered?
Source confusion
Although Skylar knows all the formulas for the upcoming statistics exam, Skylar continues studying the information during her 20-minute ride on the bus to and from work each day until the day of the exam. What is Skylar's behavior demonstrating?
Spaced practice
Which of the following best describes explicit memory?
Stored information that is consciously retrieved
What is the key difference between the Multi Store Model and the Working Memory Model?
The Working Memory Model argues that there is more than one STM store.
Which of the studies does not provide evidence for the existence of schemas?
The case of HM
In the Glanzer and Kunitz study (army men memorizing one syllable words) one of the parts was that the recall of the items was (1) immediate, (2) delayed 10 seconds, or (3) delayed 30 seconds. Across these three groups the results diverged only in the last items. the immediate group showing the best performance, then 10 second group and then 30 second group. Which of the following aspect of memory does this finding supports?
The existence of short term memory
Loftus and Palmer's (1974) study is said to lack ecological validity. Why is this?
The participants watched a film of a car crash; stress and the possibility of distractions would be much lower than if they witnessed a crash in real life.
Which of the following defines framing?
The terms in which a problem is stated or the way that it is structured
Which of the following is not a limitation of the Dual Process Model?
There is no biological support for a two-systems approach.
Which is true about Short Term Memory?
Tt is limited in both capacity and duration.
Which of the following is a finding of Daniel Kahneman and Amos Tversky with respect to intuitive thought?
When faced with uncertainty, human judgment tends to be flawed.
When are we more likely to use System 1 thinking?
When we have too much information to process.
Which of the following is most active when you are trying to figure out what the time and date will be when you plan a flight across 10 time zones?
Working memory
Which of the following describes a heuristic?
a shortcut for finding a solution to a problem
If I meet two students from your school and they are brilliant psychology students, I may then conclude that your school must have an amazing psychology program. This conclusion follows a simple "rule of thumb" or a mental short-cut called a
heuristic
The lack of appropriate cues can lead to forgetting as a result of...
retrieval failure
