unit4 - blood vessels

Place the following vessels in order starting with those that have the highest blood pressure to those that have the lowest blood pressure.

1. aorta 2. systemic artery 3. capillary 4. venule 5. systemic vein 6. superior vena cava

While sitting, ______ of the capillaries located in the lower limb skeletal muscle tissue has little or no flow of blood through them.

90%

Which of the following are types of capillaries? Select all that apply.

Fenestrated Continuous Sinusoid

The three basic types of blood vessels are _____, _____, and veins

arteries, capillaries

A small artery that empties into a capillary is called a(n) _____.

arteriole

A small vessel that empties into a capillary is a(n) ______.

arteriole

Arteries carry blood ______ the heart.

away

The small diameter of the resistance arteries is responsible for ______.

blood slowing down as it flows

Veins carry ______.

blood toward the heart

Fluid exchange mainly occurs in ______.

capillaries

Microscopic, thin-walled vessels that connect the smallest arteries to the smallest veins are the ______.

capillaries

The smallest type of blood vessels are called ______.

capillaries

The three principal categories of blood vessels are arteries, veins, and _____.

capillaries

The narrowest type of vessel in the cardiovascular and lymphatic systems that engages in fluid exchanges with surrounding tissues is called a(n) ______.

capillary

Arteries such as the aorta, common carotid, subclavian and pulmonary trunk are classified as ______ arteries.

conducting

The elastic layers of the ______ arteries allows for these arteries to expand during ventricular systole and recoil during diastole taking pressure off smaller vessels.

conducting

The largest arteries are classified as ______.

conducting

Which capillaries are found in most tissues and permit passage of only small solutes between blood and tissue fluid?

continuous capillaries

Arteries that are muscular or medium sized arteries that deliver blood to specific organs are called ______ arteries.

distributing

The brachial, femoral, renal, and splenic arteries are examples of ______ arteries.

distributing

Conducting arteries have two layers of elastic tissue called the internal and external ______.

elastic lamina

True or false: Arteries have valves that ensure the one-way flow of blood.

false

Endocrine glands, kidneys, small intestine, and choroid plexuses of the brain are common locations of ______ capillaries.

fenestrated

Filtration pores that are about 60 to 80 nm in diameter are found in _____ capillaries.

fenestrated

______ capillaries have endothelial cells which have many holes called filtration pores in the plasma membrane.

fernestrated

Fenestrated capillaries have filtration pores spanned by _________.

glycoprotein membranes

The transition from one class of arteries to the next is ______.

gradual

The pressure in large arteries is ______ than that in a vein of similar size.

greater

Many veins have infoldings of the tunica ______ that form valves directing blood towards the heart.

interna

The tunica _____ lines the inside of the vessel and is exposed to the blood.

interna

The inner most tunic of blood vessels is the tunica ______.

intima

The thickest layer of a blood vessel is usually the tunica ______.

media

Veins that are up to about 10 mm in diameter and have valves are called ______.

medium veins

Blood vessel that links arterioles to capillaries are called _____.

metarterioles

Precapillary sphincters are smooth muscles found on ______.

metarterioles

Short vessels that link arterioles and capillaries are called ______.

metarterioles

Collectively, the smallest blood vessels (the arterioles, capillaries, venules) are referred to as the ______.

microcirculation

Blood leaving the postcapillary venules flows into the ______.

muscular venules

Venules that are above 1 mm in diameter with scattered smooth muscle cells that become a continuous layer as the vessels get larger are the ______.

muscular venules

Blood in capillaries flows into ______.

postcapillary venules

Small, porous veins that exchange fluid are called ______.

postcapillary venules

The vessels that receive blood from the capillaries directly or by way of the distal ends of the thoroughfare channels are called ______.

postcapillary venules

Which of these is the smallest type of vein?

postcapillary venules

Blood flow into capillary beds is regulated by ______.

precapillary sphincters

Blood flow into capillary beds is regulated by ______. vasoconstriction of veins

precapillary sphincters

Arterioles are the smallest ______ arteries.

resistance

Because arteries have a strong tissue structure that opposes the high blood pressure inside they are considered the ______ vessels of the cardiovascular system.

resistance

Which type of arteries are usually too small to be given individual names?

resistance

The endothelium of capillaries is composed of ______ epithelium surrounded by loose connective tissue.

simple squamous

A modified, relatively dilated vein that lacks smooth muscle and is incapable of vasomotion is known as a venous _____.

sinus

Capillaries in which the endothelial cells are separated by wide gaps with no basal lamina are called ______.

sinusoids

Discontinuous capillaries found in the liver, bone marrow, spleen, and a few other organs are called ______.

sinusoids

Large molecules, such as clotting proteins and albumin synthesized by the liver, enter the blood through ______.

sinusoids

Newly formed blood cells enter circulation from the bone marrow and lymphatic organs via ______.

sinusoids

_____ are irregular blood-filled spaces in the liver, bone marrow, spleen, and some other organs.

sinusoids

The three classes of arteries are classified by ______.

size

Capillaries are classified by the ______.

structural differences that account for permeability

The conducting arteries expand during ______ to receive blood and recoil during _______.

systole, diastole

The selectively permeable barrier to material leaving and entering the bloodstream is composed of simple squamous epithelium called ______.

the endothelium

Although the heart creates a pressure surge in the arteries, they are built to withstand this pressure because ______.

they are muscular and elastic

The distributing arteries have many layers of smooth muscle making up about _____ of the wall thickness.

three quarters

The endothelium of continuous capillaries is held together by ______.

tight junctions

The role of the vaso vasorum is ______.

to supply the outer layer of large blood vessels

True or false: There is not enough blood in the body to fill the entire vascular system at once.

true

The layer of the blood vessel that strengthens the vessel and allows changes in vessel diameter is the ______.

tunic media

The layer of the blood vessels that anchors the vessels into the connective tissue is called the ______.

tunica externa

The layer of the blood vessel that is composed of smooth muscle, collagen and sometimes elastic tissue is called the ______.

tunica media

Which vessel layer exhibits vasomotion?

tunica media

The walls of arteries and veins are composed of three distinct layers or:

tunics

The walls of arteries and veins are composed of three layers called _____.

tunics/tunica

The skeletal muscle pump propels blood in the veins toward the heaart and the ______ prevent(s) backward flow of blood towards the extremities.

valves

Failure of the venous valves leads to ______.

varicose veins

Small vessels that supply blood to the outer half of larger vessel walls are the ______.

vasa vasorum

Changes in the diameter of a blood vessel are collectively known as ______. vasodilation

vasomotion

Postcapillary venules are the smallest type of ______.

vein

Because they expand easily to accommodate an increased volume of blood, _____ are called capacitance vessels.

veins

The type of blood vessel regarded as capacitance vessels are _____.

veins

The vessels that carry blood back to the heart are called ______.

veins

Specialized veins in the heart and brain that are not capable of vasomotion are called ______.

venous sinuses

The skeletal muscle pump propels blood in the veins toward the heart and the ______ prevent(s) backward flow of blood towards the extremities.

venous sinuses

The endothelium contributes to vessel repair by ______.

-providing a surface for platelets to adhere -producing chemicals that aid in protection and repair -inducing leukocytes to adhere to cell-adhesion molecules

Medium veins include the ______. Select all that apply.

-radial vein -great saphenous vein -ulnar vein

Arterioles have about _____ layers of smooth muscles and very little tunica externa.

1 to 3

Which of these would be classified as large veins?

-Internal jugular veins -Renal veins -Pulmonary veins -Superior venae cavae

Identify which of the following blood vessels are distributing (muscular, or medium) arteries. Select all that apply.

-Pulmonary artery -Renal artery -Femoral artery

Identify the tissues that comprise the tunica interna. Select all that apply.

-Simple squamous epithelium -Loose connective

Which of the following are examples of conducting arteries? Select all that apply.

-Subclavian arteries -Common carotid artery -Aorta -Pulmonary trunk