Untitled
You installed a beta rpm package (rpmname), but are experiencing some problems with it. How can you remove this package?
rpm -e rpmname
What word is missing from the following SQL statement? select count(*) _____ tablename
from
When using the SysV init system, the file /etc/rc3.d/S55sshd is a symbolic link. Type the full path and file name to which this is linked.
/etc/init.d/sshd
Configuration of X is complete and now the default runlevel can be changed from runlevel 3 to runlevel 5. In which of the following configuration files should this be done?
/etc/inittab
Which file is used by ld.so to find libraries quickly without actually having to search the directories in its library path?
/etc/ld.so.cache
You have installed some new libraries, but these are not available to programs and are not listed by ldconfig -p What file should the path to the libraries be added to, before running ldconfig?
/etc/ld.so.conf
Which site-specific configuration file for the shadow login suite must be modified to log login failures? Please enter the complete path to that file.
/etc/login.defs
By default, which directories contents will be copied to a new user's home directory when the account is created, passing the -m option to the useradd command?
/etc/skel
Which file lists which users can execute commands using sudo? (Provide the full path and filename)
/etc/sudoers
You have a user whose account you want to disable but not remove. What should you do?
Edit /etc/passwd and insert an * after the first
You are having problems with a particular font and you want to see if its directory is included in XF86Config Which section contains this information?
Files
When reading man pages, a lot of extra characters are shown on screen. Which of the following commands can help to deal with this problem?
col
Upon booting a Linux box, an administrator notices a message scrolling by that does not look right, but it goes by so fast, the administrator does not have a chance to read it. What command could the administrator use to view that message after the boot process completes? (Please enter only a single command and do not enter duplicate answers in this field.)
dmesg
You are not sure whether the kernel has detected a piece of hardware in your machine. What command, without options or parameters, should be run to present the contents of the kernel ring-buffer?
dmesg
Which of the following programs is typically used to query installed debian packages?
dpkg dselect
To test a shell script called myscript, the environment variable FOOBAR must be removed temporarily. How can this be done?
env -u FOOBAR myscript
Which of the following are commonly used Mail Tranfer Agent (MTA) applications?
exim
Which command should be added to /etc/bash_profile to change the language of messages from an internationalised program to Portuguese (pt)?
export LANG="pt"
Which command should be added to /etc/bash_profile to change the language of messages from an internationalised program to Portuguese (pt)?
export LC_MESSAGES="pt"
You have read/write permission on an ordinary file foo. You have just run: ln foo bar What would happen if you ran: rm foo
foo would be removed while bar would remain accessible
_________ /dev/sda3 will create a swap area on the device /dev/sda3
mkswap
A new kernel version needs to be compiled to use a new feature. If the old kernel configuration file is available, which make target will only update the configuration file for the new kernel version? (Please enter only the make target).
oldconfig
You want to install a new software package, but it is only available in RPM format and you are running Debian Linux. Which of the following would help you to install it on your system?
alien
You suspect that a gateway machine on your network has failed but you are unsure which machine. Which command will help locate the problem?
traceroute
The administrator notices that a 10GB ext2 file-system used only for data storage has approximately 540MB reserved for root. Which command can be used to change the file-system parameters to make all of the partition available to users, WITHOUT losing data? Please enter only the command without path, options or parameters.
tune2fs
With which command can the reserved blocks on /dev/hda1 be displayed? (Enter the command with all parameters and/or options)
tune2fs -L /dev/hda1
The files in the /etc/skel directory are used by the
useradd command
Which commands can you use to change a user's password expiry information?
usermod
You logged in as user tuxl, but now you want to switch users to tux2 with tux2′s environment. How would you do this?
su - tux2
Which command will disable paging and swapping on a device? (Provide only the command with no additional options or parameters).
swapoff
The swap usage on a system needs to be checked. Which TWO commands can be used to display a swap usage summary?
swapon -s cat /proc/swaps
After a lot of write operations, the changes should be written to the disk. Please enter the appropriate command, without the path or any options or parameters, that would achieve this
sync
What single command (no options or arguments) can be used to fully extract a file called abc.tar.bz2?
tar
A Linux server is running in single user mode, but the problem that existed before is now fixed. What command is most appropriate to restore the server to service?
telinit 3
What word is missing from the following SQL statement? update tablename ________ fieldname = 'value' where id = 909
set
The ___________ command allows you to view or change serial port configuration
setserial
With which command can the reserved blocks count for a file-system be seen? (Please enter only the command without the path or any parameters or options)
tune2fs
For interpreting system re scripts, a shell is most commonly used. Please enter the first line found in such scripts.
#!/bin/sh
Which file contains a list of services and hosts that will be denied by a TCP Wrapper such astcpd? (Please enter the full path)
/etc/hosts.deny
Which option, when passed to the gpg command, will enter an interactive menu enabling the user to perform key management related tasks? (Provide only the option)
-edit-key
Your department decided to change the Gnome Display Manager's greeting. What configuration file should you edit?
/etc/X11/gdm/Init/Default
An installed package is broken. In order to go back to previous version of the same package which RPM option should be used?
-oldpackage
You have just set up the X Display Manager (XDM) as your default display manager. What file should you edit to change the default background for it?
/etc/X11/xdm/Xsetup
Your senior administrator asked you to change the default of his machine, which uses XDM (X Display Manager). Which file would you edit to achieve this?
/etc/X11/xdm/Xsetup
Which file specifies the user accounts can NOT submit jobs via at or batch? (Provide the full path and filename)
/etc/at.deny
Which file contains configuration data for automount? Please enter the complete path
/etc/auto.master
A user was not given permission to use the CRON scheduling system. What file needs to be modified to provide that access? (Please specific the full path to file)
/etc/cron.allow
Please specify the directory containing the configuration files for the CUPS printing system. (Provide the full path to the directory)
/etc/cups
Given the following line from /etc/nsswitch.conf: hosts: files mdns4_minimal [NOTFOUND=return] dns mdns4 By default, which file will be queried first for hostname lookups? (Provide the full path and filename)
/etc/hosts
The ______ command is used to print out the current date and time on the system. (enter the full path to the command)
/bin/date
In GRUB'S configuration file you find the line: root (hd1,4) What is corresponding device name on a Linux system?
/dev/hdb5
A system has one hard disk, configured as master and connected to the primary IDE controller, and one CD writer, configured as slave and connected to the secondary IDE controller. If the system is correctly configured, which device is used to represent the CD writer?
/dev/hdd
A database application requires a maximum shared memory segment (shmmax) of 2GB (2147483648 Bytes). Which configuration file should be modified, to set this kernel parameter permanently? Please enter the complete path to the file.
/etc/sysctl.conf
You decide to use xinetd instead of inetd. Now, you need to transfer information from /etc/inetd.conf to another file. Which file must be created or edited? (Please specify the full path)
/etc/xinetd.conf
You are building a server that will be the file server for all users on your 100 user network. The server may have many hardware and operating system upgrades. Which directory should have its own mount point and/or hard drive?
/home
In which subdirectory of /proc is information about PC Cards, which are connected and recognised by a 2.6 kernel, stored? Please enter the complete path.
/proc/bus/pccard/
You have written a custom tool on your local system. Following the File Hierarchy Standard (FHS), where should you install the binaries to be available to all users on your system?
/usr/local/bin
You are running an email server configured with the default settings. In which directory will you commonly find the delivered mail for the user foo?
/var/spool/mail
Because of a bad BIOS LBA translation, a booting system displays an error instead of a LILO prompt Complete the error message with the error number:
01
What umask value will result in the default access permissions of 600 (rw——-) for files and 700 (rwx——) for directories? (Provide only the numerical umask value).
077
What output will the following command produce?
1 6 11 16
In the vi editor, what vi command will copy (but not paste) from the current line at the cursor and the following 16 lines (17 lines total)? Enter the correct vi command without spaces. (Please enter only a single answer.)
17y
Consider the following command and an abbreviated version of its output: netstat nr Kernel IP routing table Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Iface 192.168.165.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U ethO 127.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 255.0.0.0 U loO 0.0.0.0 192.168.165.1 0.0.0.0 UG eth0 What is the default gateway for the network?
192.168.165.1
An administrator is configuring a secured webserver, however connecting to https://127.0.0.1 is not working. She runs netstat ntl, which returns the following output: tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:80 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN What port should be listening before a successful connection is possible? (Provide only the numerical value of the port)
443
Your ISP has given you an IP block for your use. The block is 192.168.112.64/26. If your network administrator uses the first usable IP for the router he's installed on your network, how many usable IPs do you have left? (Please enter the number and not a word)
61
What is the highest numbered TCP/IP port?
65535
You are using an application that you want to appear on the screen of another machine. What environment variable would you have to set or edit to achieve this?
Display
What does the following command do: cat '$TEST'
Displays the contents of the file named $TEST if it exists
While using the vi editor, you wish to move ahead one page. You should press the control key and:
F
After changing the default runlevel in the init configuration file, the system boots in a different than the intended runlevel. Where else could be this different runlevel be defined?
In the boot loader configuration file
You need to install a fax server. Which type of fax/modem should you install to ensure Linux compatibility?
Internal PCI Fax/modem
During which stage of the boot process would this message be seen? ide0: BM-DMA at 0xff00-0xff07, BIOS settings: hda:DMA, hdb:DMA
Kernel loading
Messages from programs are not appearing in the user's native language. What environment variable must be set for this to happen?
LANG
After a crash, the system needs to be booted into runlevel 1. Which option(s) must be typed at the LILO prompt to achieve this, assuming that the working kernel image is called 'linux'?
Linux single
When installing XWindows the monitor wasn't recognised but now a data sheet with its specification is available. Which xorg.conf section must be edited to specify the correct values for several variables?
Monitor
The system is having trouble and the engineer wants to bypass the usual /sbin/init start up and run /bin/sh Which of the following is the usual way to pass this change to the kernel from the boot loader?
Pass init=/bin/sh on the kernel parameter line
The user john is no longer working for a company. To disable his account but not delete his information, what needs to be done?
Replace his password with * in passwd
You ran out of space and added a eighth disk to your SCSI-1 system. When you try to start, the system no longer boots. What is most likely the cause of this problem?
SCSI-1 supports only 8 devices including the adaptor
The ___________ partition is used for virtual memory
SWAP
Which of the following can the chage command NOT change?
The number of days since January 1, 1970 when the password can change
The Linux kernel is loaded successfully by the boot loader. However, straight after the kernel mounts the root filesystem, the boot process stops and an error message regarding init is shown. Which of the following actions is the best one to be used in order to identify and fix the problem?
The administrator reboots the system with a recovery disk and checks the root file system for errors with fsck
User Joseph has successfully extracted and compiled a program from source code. Installing the binaries produces errors. What is the most likely reason?
The binaries require root privileges to be installed
Journalling doesn't appear to be working on an ext3 file-system. When booting, the following line appears: VFS: Mounted root (ext2 filesystem) readonly. What could be causing the problem?
The kernel does not contain ext3 support
Which statement is true regarding the following /etc/resolv.conf file: search example.com 127.0.0.1 208.77.188.166
There is a syntax error
You have a USB storage device that you cannot get working. You have enabled all appropriate USB options in the latest 2.2 kernel but still cannot get your device working. What is most likely the source of the problem?
You are using the wrong kernel for this type of device
You are preparing a new set of shared libraries in /usr/local/applib and you have written and compiled some code that uses these libraries. You have already performed an ldconfig, however the system still cannot find the shared libraries. What is most likely the cause of this?
You forgot to put the library in ld.so.conf
You are running Linux 2.0.36 and you need to add a USB mouse to your system. Which of the following statements is true?
You need to upgrade the kernel
A user requests a "hidden" Samba share, named confidential, similar tothe Windows Administration Share. How can this be configured?
[confldential] comment= hidden share path = /srv/smb/hidden write list = user create mask = 0700 directory mask = 0700
The new file server is a member server of the Windows domain foo. Which TWO of the following configuration sections will allow members of the domain group all to read, write and execute files in /srv/smb/data?
[data] comment = data share path = /srv/smb/data writelist = @foo+all force group = @foo+all create mask = 0770 directory mask = 0770
The new file server is a member server of the Windows domain foo. Which TWO of the following configuration sections will allow members of the domain group all to read, write and execute files in /srv/smb/data?
[data] path = /srv/smb/data writelist= @foo+all force group = @foo+all create mask = 0770 directory mask = 0770
Which shell built-in command can be used to create a shortcut or pseudonym for a longer command? Assume a modern bourne like shell, such as bash.
alias
Your routing configuration relies on eth0 being a 3com card that requires the 3c59x module. What line must be added to modules configuration file, to ensure that eth0 always uses this module?
alias eth0 3c59x
What command is used to view pending jobs for the at command? (Do NOT specify path).
atq at -l
You discovered a pending job for the at command. Which of the following do you have to use to remove it?
atrm
You have written a little startup script (/usr/local/bin/startup.sh) that should automatically execute when entering runlevel 3. According to the standards, how can this best be achieved?
chmod 700 /usr/local/bin/startup.sh; cd /etc/init.d/rc3.d/; ln -s /usr/local/bin/startup.sh S99Startup.sh
Given the following output: prompt> myapp [1]+ Stopped myapp prompt> Which of the following commands will resume executing the stopped process while allowing the user to continue to type commands at the command prompt?
bg myapp
The USB device filesystem can be found under /proc/______/usb/ (Please fill in the blank with the single word only).
bus
A makefile typically contains which targets?
clean, install, uninstall
A new PCMCIA network card is not functioning correctly. To troubleshoot this, the socket information should be checked. How can this be done?
cardctl -s
Which commands will print line numbers before each line in a file? (Select TWO)
cat -n ln
A new PCMCIA network card is not functioning correctly. To troubleshoot this, the socket information should be checked. How can this be done?
cat /var/lib/pcmcia/stab
Hundreds of people log in to a server from remote locations per day. Which of the following commands show remote SSH, FTP & telnet sessions for a particular day?
cat /var/log/messages | grep '"date "+%b%e'"" | egrep '(telnet|ssh|ftp)'
Hundreds of people log in to a server from remote locations per day. Which of the following commands show remote SSH, FTP & telnet sessions for a particular day?
cat /var/log/messages | grep '"date "+%b%e.....' | grep -E '(telnet|ssh|ftp)'
Which of the following commands will find the string foo in the file file1.txt, regardless of foo being in upper or lower case letters?
cat filel.txt | grep -i foo
If the current directory is / (root) and the kernel source is located in /usr/src/linux, which of the following commands should be used to apply the patch /tmp/foopatch?
cd /usr/src/linux; patch -p1 < /tmp/foopatch
Which commands can you use to change a user's password expiry information?
chage
You need to push the CUPS printer HPLaserjet4, and you want to cancel all print jobs with a message, "hello". Which command will do this?
cupsdisable c r hello HPLaserjet4
A pre-compiled module has been moved to /lib/modules/<kernel-version>, but 'modprobe -a <modulename>' fails to load it. What needs to be done to enable usage of this module?
depmod must be run
You are formatting a single hard disk for a Linux install. What is the maximum number of primary partitions you can create?
four
You are logged in as root What command do you run to find out what groups user bruno belongs to?
groups
What is the name of the main configuration file for GRUB? (Please specify the file name with no path information).
grub.cfg
Which program can be used to adjust the DMA settings of an IDE hard drive? Please enter it without path, parameters or arguments.
hdparm
You need to sync your hardware clock, which is on GMT, with your system clock, which you just updated with NTP. To do this, complete the following command: ________ u systohc
hwclock
On a dual boot system, every time the system is booted back into Linux the time has been set backward by two hours. Which of the following commands will correct the problem so it will not occur again?
hwclock hctosys localtime
The ________ command is used to assign an IP address to a device. (Please specify the command with or without path information)
ifconfig
You are working on a server that has multiple ethernet network interfaces, and you wish to find out the IP address assigned to the ethl interface. Which of the following commands will print the necessary information?
ifconfig eth1
Which of the following commands can be used to instruct the init process to switch runlevels?
init, telinit
Which of the following must be included in the syslogd configuration file (/etc/syslog.conf) , so that ONLY kernel related messages with the priority crit are reported?
kern.crit
Which system administration command you can use to update ld.so.cache after the installation of new shared libraries?
ldconfig
What command will print the shared libraries for the file /usr/lib/libpng12.so? (Provide the full command with library name but without any other options or parameters).
ldd /usr/lib/libpng12.so
You have configured a workstation to boot in runlevel 4, but you now find that the X server will not start correctly and the machine will not allow local access. What would be the most effective command to run at the LILO prompt to regain local access to the machine, when the last known working kernel image was linux?
linux3
You are experimenting with a binary in /tmp/foo.d that expects its configuration file at/etc/foo.conf You don't want to save it there, but use a symbolic link to /tmp/foo.d/foo.conf instead. Which command would accomplish that?
ln -s /tmp/foo.d/foo.conf /etc/foo.conf
Which of the following commands will provide locale-specific information about your system and its environment?
locale
What command can be used to generate log entries of any facility and priority? (supply just the command name without a path)
logger
After configuring printing on a Linux server, the administrator sends a test file to one of the printers and it fails to print. What command can be used to show the status of the printer's queue? (Provide only the command, without any options or parameters)
lpq
While performing a security audit, you discover that a machine is accepting connections on TCP port 184, but it is not obvious which process has the port open. Which of the following programs would you use to find out?
lsof
Which of the following is NOT a Mail Transport Agent (MTA)?
You are compiling some software from source. After running ./configure with the appropriate arguments and no errors, what is the next command to run?
make
You have finished updating and resolving dependencies for some source code. What command should you run before recompiling the code into binary form?
make clean
Your newly-compiled kernel can not find any modules it needs to load. What command was missed when compiling and installing the kernel?
make modules_install
After configuring a new 2.4 series kernel, all dependencies, such as include files, need to be created. How can this be achieved? Please enter the complete command
makedep
The server has two network cards. The driver for the first card is the module 8139too and the driver for the second card is the module ne2k-pci. How is it possible to ensure that the card using the 8139too driver is detected before the card using the ne2k-pci driver?
modprobe8139toodev=eth0; modprobe ne2k-pci dev=ethl
You want to display all currently mounted file systems. Which command would you see? (Please enter only the command without arguments or options)
mount
A machine is running in single user mode and, as such, not all file-systems are accessible. What command must be run to make all of the other file-systems listed in /etc/fstab accessible?
mount -a
Consider the following /etc/fstab file: /dev/hdal swap swap defaults 0 0 /dev/hda2 /ext2 defaults 1 1 /dev/hda3 /home ext2 defaults 1 2 none /proc proc defaults 0 0 /dev/fdO /media/floppy vfat user,noauto 0 0 What command can an ordinary (non-root) user use to mount a floppy disk in this system? (Please enter the command with all parameters and/or options)
mount/media/floppy
On an NFS server, the portmap, nfsd and _______ daemons must be running. Please enter the missing daemon below.
mountd
Which of the following commands will send output from the program myapp to both standard output (stdout) and the file file1.log?
myapp | tee file1.log
You can run the _______ command to see active network and UNIX domain socket connections. (Please specify the command with no options or parameters)
netstat
Which mount option must be used in the example /etc/fstab entry below, to ensure that a specific filesystem is not mounted when the system is booted? /dev/hdd /media/cdrom iso9660 __________,ro 0 0
noauto
You want to temporarily prevent users from logging in. Please complete the following command: touch /etc/_____
nologin
Which commands can you use to change a user's password expiry information?
passwd
Which command would you use to apply a diff file (diff-file) to an original?
patch < diff-file
Which of the following are commonly used Mail Tranfer Agent (MTA) applications?
postfix
Which command is used to enable disk quotas on a particular filesystem? (Provide only the command, with no options or parameters)
quotaon
Which file contains the software RAID configuration? (Please enter the file-name without the path)
raidtab
To change the priority of a running process, an administrator should use the ____ command. (Specify command only with no options.)
renice
What output will the following command sequence produce? echo '1 2 3 4 5 6′ | while read a b c; do echo result: $c $b $a; done
results: 3 4 5 6 2 1
Identify the statement that would create a default route using a gateway of 192.168.1.1
route add default gw 192.168.1.1
What is the command to delete the default gateway from the system IP routing table? (Please specify the complete command with arguments)
route del default ip route del default route del 0.0.0.0 /sbin/route del
After a minor security incident you are instructed by your lead sys-admin to verify the RPMs installed on a running system. Which command will create a complete report that you can analyze for changes that may be security-related?
rpm -Va > report
Which of the following are commonly used Mail Tranfer Agent (MTA) applications?
sendmail
By default, which file will Samba use to store the user passwords? (Please enter only the file-name without the path)
smbpasswd
You are looking into a new script you received from your senior administrator. In the very first line you notice a #! followed by a path to a binary. Linux will:
use that binary to interpret the script
What information is displayed by the command cat /proc/dma?
whether DMA is enabled
Which program finds only files that are in your Path? (enter the command only)
which
The Samba configuration file uses the parameter read only=yes Which of the following is equivalent?
writeable=no
What application can be used in place of xhost? Please enter only the name without path
xauth
The system bell sound is annoying you. Which of the following can you use to change this and other user X preferences?
xset
After installing and configuring XFree86, you notice that when you start X, the display is not centered. What program can you run to find a better modeline setting?
xvidtune
You just started X for the first time and noticed that the display does not use the entire screen. What program can you use to fix this?
xvidtune
X is running okay but you're concerned that you may not have the right color depth set. What single command will show you the running color depth while in X?
xwininfo
You are the system administrator for a consulting firm where several people use Linux as their desktop operating system. One of your users has installed a commercial publishing program that works under X on a variety of UNIX and Linux platforms. The user made a series of configuration changes regarding the initial window size, location and color. Now, he is having difficulty undoing these changes and is asking for your help. In which file would you think you would most likely find the configuration settings you are seeking to change?
~/.Xdefaults
If the path parameter is not set for a share in the smb.conf file, the share will refer to which of the following directories:
~/.samba
Users may create and edit a configuration file in their home directory that can tell the X window system what window manager they wish it to start when they log in. What file is that?
~/.xinitrc
