Urinalysis Ch. 2

8. Which of the following sources should include a protocol for the way to proceed when quality control results exceed acceptable tolerance limits? A. A reference book B. A procedure manual C. A preventive maintenance manual D. A specimen-processing protocol

B. A procedure manual

3. Which of the following is a postanalytical component of a quality assurance program? A. Critical values B. Procedure manuals C. Preventive maintenance D. Test utilization

A. Critical values

14. Which agency is responsible for defining, establishing, and monitoring safety and health hazards in the workplace? A. Occupational Safety and Health Administration B. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention C. Chemical Hygiene Agency D. National Fire Protection Association

A. Occupational Safety and Health Administration

17. Which of the following actions represents a good laboratory practice? A. Washing or sanitizing hands frequently B. Wearing lab coats outside of the laboratory C. Removing lab coats from the laboratory for laundering at home in 2% bleach D. Wearing the same gloves to perform venipuncture on two different patients because the patients are in the same room

A. Washing or sanitizing hands frequently

4. Analytical components of a quality assurance program are procedures and policies that affect the A. technical testing of the specimen. B. collection and processing of the specimen. C. reporting and interpretation of results. D. diagnosis and treatment of the patient.

A. technical testing of the specimen.

15. Match the mode of transmission with the laboratory activity. Laboratory Activity __ A. Not wearing gloves when handling specimens __ B. Centrifuging uncovered specimens __ C. Smoking in the laboratory __ D. Being scratched by a broken beaker __ E. Having a specimen splashed into the eyes __ F. Pipetting by mouth Mode of Transmission 1. Inhalation 2. Ingestion 3. Direct contact

A:3 B:1 C:2 D:3 E:3 F:2

20. Which of the following information is not found on a material safety data sheet? A. Exposure limits B. Catalog number C. Hazardous ingredients D. Flammability of the chemical

B. Catalog number

2. Which of the following is a preanalytical component of a quality assurance program? A. Quality control B. Turnaround time C. Technical competence D. Preventive maintenance

B. Turnaround time

10. Quality control materials should have A. a short expiration date. B. a matrix similar to patient samples. C. their values assigned by an external and unbiased commercial manufacturer. D. the ability to test preanalytical variables.

B. a matrix similar to patient samples.

9. Technical competence is displayed when a laboratory practitioner A. documents reports in a legible manner. B. recognizes discrepant test results. C. independently reduces the time needed to perform a procedure (e.g., by decreasing incubation times). D. is punctual and timely.

B. recognizes discrepant test results.

Case 2-1 2. Which of the following actions could prevent this from happening again? A. The microscope and centrifuge should be repaired. B. The laboratory should participate in a proficiency survey. C. A control material with sediment components should be used daily. D. All results should be reviewed by the urinalysis supervisor before they are reported.

C. A control material with sediment components should be used daily.

18. Which of the following is not an acceptable disposal practice? A. Discarding urine into a sink B. Disposing of used, empty urine containers with nonhazardous waste C. Discarding a used, broken specimen transfer pipette with noninfectious glass waste D. Discarding blood specimens into a biohazard container

C. Discarding a used, broken specimen transfer pipette with noninfectious glass waste

16. Which of the following is not considered personal protective equipment? A. Gloves B. Lab coat C. Disinfectants D. Eyeglasses

C. Disinfectants

6. Why are written procedure manuals necessary? A. To assist in the ordering of reagents and supplies for a procedure B. To appropriately monitor the accuracy and precision of a procedure C. To ensure that all individuals perform the same task consistently D. To ensure that the appropriate test has been ordered

C. To ensure that all individuals perform the same task consistently

5. The purpose of quality control materials is to A. monitor instrumentation to eliminate downtime. B. ensure the quality of test results obtained. C. assess the accuracy and precision of a method. D. monitor the technical competence of laboratory staff.

C. assess the accuracy and precision of a method.

13. The primary purpose of a Standard Precautions policy in the laboratory is to A. ensure a safe and healthy working environment. B. identify processes (e.g., autoclaving) to be used to neutralize infectious agents. C. prevent the exposure and transmission of potentially infectious agents to others. D. identify patients with hepatitis B virus, human immunodeficiency virus, and other infectious diseases.

C. prevent the exposure and transmission of potentially infectious agents to others.

11. Within one facility, what is the purpose of performing duplicate testing of a specimen by two different laboratories (i.e., in-house duplicates)? A. It provides little information because the results are already known. B. It saves money by avoiding the need for internal quality control materials. C. It provides a means of evaluating the precision of a method. D. It can detect procedural and technical differences between laboratories.

D. It can detect procedural and technical differences between laboratories.

7. Which of the following is not considered to be an analytical component of quality assurance? A. Reagents (e.g., water) B. Glassware (e.g., pipettes) C. Instrumentation (e.g., microscope) D. Specimen preservation (e.g., refrigeration)

D. Specimen preservation (e.g., refrigeration)

Which of the following is not part of a Chemical Hygiene Plan? A. To identify and label hazardous chemicals B. To educate employees about the chemicals they use (e.g., providing material safety data sheets) C. To provide guidelines for the handling and use of each chemical type D. To monitor the handling of biological hazards

D. To monitor the handling of biological hazards

1. The ultimate goal of a quality assurance program is to A. maximize the productivity of the laboratory. B. ensure that patient test results are precise. C. ensure appropriate diagnosis and treatment of patients. D. ensure the validity of laboratory results obtained.

D. ensure the validity of laboratory results obtained.

12. Interlaboratory comparison testing as with proficiency surveys provides a means to A. identify critical values for timely reporting to clinicians. B. ensure that appropriate documentation is being performed. C. evaluate the technical performance of individual laboratory practitioners. D. evaluate the performance of a laboratory com- pared with that of other laboratories.

D. evaluate the performance of a laboratory com- pared with that of other laboratories.

Case 2-1 1. Which of the following conditions present in the hospital laboratory could cause the observed findings in this case? 1. The urinalysis centrifuge had its brake left on. 2. The urinalysis centrifuge was set for the wrong speed or time setting. 3. Microscopic examination was performed on an unmixed or inadequately mixed specimen. 4. Microscopic examination was performed using nonoptimized microscope settings for urine sediment viewing (e.g., contrast was not sufficient to view low-refractile components). A. 1, 2, and 3 are correct. B. 1 and 3 are correct. C. 2 and 4 are correct. D. 4 is correct. E. All are correct.

E. All are correct.